{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T19:22:00Z","timestamp":1794252120512,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["neuromodulationjournal.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2026.04.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T20:33:08Z","timestamp":1776285188000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Peripheral Nerve Field Stimulation in the Treatment of Persistent Low Back Pain: A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"Reza","family":"Hazrati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baraa","family":"Dabboucy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joe","family":"Lantagne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Prudhomme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2026.04.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e316","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00098-X","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of low back pain, 1990\u20132020, its attributable risk factors, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"5","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2026.04.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12018","article-title":"Epidemiology of low back pain in adults","volume":"17","author":"Manchikanti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2026.04.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9","article-title":"Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"396","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2026.04.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2024.7.555","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for persistent spinal pain syndrome type II following spinal surgery: a nationwide retrospective cohort study","volume":"27","author":"Oh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2026.04.003_bib5","first-page":"370","article-title":"Sacroiliac joint dysfunction in patients with low back pain","volume":"36","author":"Barros","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fed Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2026.04.003_bib6","article-title":"Successful use of subcutaneous stimulation for bilateral sacroiliac joint pain","volume":"14","author":"Shah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2026.04.003_bib7","first-page":"235","article-title":"Present and potential use of spinal cord stimulation to control chronic pain","volume":"17","author":"Song","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2026.04.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1159\/000434666","article-title":"Peripheral nerve stimulation for back pain","volume":"29","author":"Verrills","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog Neurol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2026.04.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1403.2009.00192.x","article-title":"Peripheral nerve stimulation or is it peripheral subcutaneous field stimulation; what is in a moniker?","volume":"12","author":"Abej\u00f3n","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2026.04.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1126\/science.150.3699.971","article-title":"Pain mechanisms: a new theory","volume":"150","author":"Melzack","year":"1965","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2026.04.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3729","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S386879","article-title":"The American Society of Pain and Neuroscience (ASPN) evidence-based clinical guideline of interventional treatments for low back pain","volume":"15","author":"Sayed","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2026.04.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnv025","article-title":"Complications of spinal cord stimulation and peripheral nerve stimulation techniques: a review of the literature","volume":"17","author":"Eldabe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2026.04.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12784","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of subcutaneous nerve stimulation for back pain due to failed back surgery syndrome: the SubQStim study","volume":"22","author":"Eldabe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2026.04.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12890","article-title":"A retrospective analysis of 25 cases with peripheral nerve field stimulation for chronic low back pain and the predictive value of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for patient selection","volume":"22","author":"Schwarm","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2026.04.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.13244","article-title":"The predictive value of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for patient selection in peripheral nerve field stimulation for chronic low back pain: a prospective study","volume":"24","author":"Schwarm","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2026.04.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-016-2713-8","article-title":"Peripheral nerve field stimulation for chronic neuropathic pain: a single institution experience","volume":"158","author":"D'Ammando","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2026.04.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12030","article-title":"Peripheral nerve field stimulation for sacroiliac joint pain","volume":"17","author":"Patil","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2026.04.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12309","article-title":"Subcutaneous stimulation as an additional therapy to spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of low back pain and leg pain in failed back surgery syndrome: four-year follow-up","volume":"18","author":"Hamm-Faber","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2026.04.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12139","article-title":"Peripheral nerve field stimulation (PNFS) in chronic low back pain: a prospective multicenter study","volume":"17","author":"Kloimstein","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2026.04.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5094","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10215094","volume":"10","author":"Rigoard","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2026.04.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12385","article-title":"Subcutaneous stimulation as ADD-ON therapy to spinal cord stimulation is effective in treating low back pain in patients with failed back surgery syndrome: a multicenter randomized controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"van Gorp","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2026.04.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12776","article-title":"Long-term effect of peripheral nerve field stimulation as add-on therapy to spinal cord stimulation to treat low back pain in failed back surgery syndrome patients: a 12-month follow-up of a randomized controlled study","volume":"22","author":"van Gorp","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2026.04.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.04.004","article-title":"The Neurostimulation Appropriateness Consensus Committee (NACC)\u00ae: recommendations for the mitigation of complications of neurostimulation","volume":"27","author":"Deer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2026.04.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102932","article-title":"Reporting guidelines for randomised controlled trial reports of implantable neurostimulation devices: the CONSORT-iNeurostim extension","volume":"78","author":"Duarte","year":"2024","journal-title":"EClinicalmedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2026.04.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1403.2008.00151.x","article-title":"A case report of subcutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation for the treatment of axial back pain associated with postlaminectomy syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Krutsch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2026.04.003_bib26","series-title":"Peripheral Nerve Stimulation","author":"Slavin","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2026.04.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.31486\/toj.21.0115","article-title":"Lumbar level peripheral nerve stimulation for low back pain","volume":"22","author":"Fiala","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ochsner J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2026.04.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2017.12.011","article-title":"Feasibility, safety, and efficacy of subcutaneous peripheral nerve field stimulation for the treatment of refractory low back pain: a two-year single-center study","volume":"387","author":"Ishak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2026.04.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.13055","article-title":"Treatment of chronic axial back pain with 60-day percutaneous medial branch PNS: primary end point results from a prospective, multicenter study","volume":"21","author":"Gilmore","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2026.04.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3117","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S521788","article-title":"Consensus guidelines from the American society of Pain and Neuroscience for the use of 60-day peripheral nerve stimulation therapy. a NEURON living guideline project, living guideline project","volume":"18","author":"Gill","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2026.04.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000774","article-title":"Novel 10-kHz high-frequency therapy (HF10 therapy) is superior to traditional low-frequency spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of chronic back and leg pain: the SENZA-RCT randomized controlled trial","volume":"123","author":"Kapural","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2026.04.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.07.011","article-title":"Efficacy of peripheral nerve field stimulation for the management of chronic low back pain and persistent spinal pain syndrome: a narrative review","volume":"26","author":"Wong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2026.04.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S306280","article-title":"Peripheral and central pathological mechanisms of chronic low back pain: a narrative review","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2026.04.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4540","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054540","article-title":"Mechanism of action of peripheral nerve stimulation for chronic pain: a narrative review","volume":"24","author":"Ong Sio","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2026.04.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00794-7","article-title":"Neuromodulation for chronic pain","volume":"397","author":"Knotkova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2026.04.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12163","article-title":"Mathematical model of nerve fiber activation during low back peripheral nerve field stimulation: analysis of electrode implant depth","volume":"17","author":"M\u00f8rch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2026.04.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1403.2011.00357.x","article-title":"Subcutaneous stimulation: how to assess optimal implantation depth","volume":"14","author":"Abej\u00f3n","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2026.04.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12371","article-title":"Nerve fiber activation during peripheral nerve field stimulation: importance of electrode orientation and estimation of area of paresthesia","volume":"19","author":"Frahm","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2026.04.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2010.03.004","article-title":"Effect of subcutaneous fat thickness and surface electrode configuration during neuromuscular electrical stimulation","volume":"32","author":"Doheny","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Eng Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2026.04.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-023-01109-2","article-title":"Peripheral nerve stimulation for low back pain: a systematic review","volume":"27","author":"D\u2019Souza","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"}],"container-title":["Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1094715926000838?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1094715926000838?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T18:27:28Z","timestamp":1794248848000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1094715926000838"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S1094715926000838"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurom.2026.04.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1094-7159"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1094-7159","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Peripheral Nerve Field Stimulation in the Treatment of Persistent Low Back Pain: A Retrospective Study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurom.2026.04.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the International Neuromodulation Society.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}