{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T09:39:07Z","timestamp":1791193147851,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]],"date-time":"2012-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1338508800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,22]],"date-time":"2013-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":447,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuron"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,6]],"date-time":"2012-06-06T21:30:25Z","timestamp":1339018225000},"page":"816-829","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":135,"title":["Pervasive Synaptic Branch Removal in the Mammalian Neuromuscular System at Birth"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Juan\u00a0C.","family":"Tapia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John\u00a0D.","family":"Wylie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narayanan","family":"Kasthuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth\u00a0J.","family":"Hayworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Schalek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel\u00a0R.","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Guatimosim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.\u00a0Sebastian","family":"Seung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeff\u00a0W.","family":"Lichtman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1974.sp010670","article-title":"The formation of synapses in striated muscle during development","volume":"241","author":"Bennett","year":"1974","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1979.sp013051","article-title":"The size of motor units\u00a0during post-natal development of rat lumbrical muscle","volume":"297","author":"Betz","year":"1979","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.10.026","article-title":"Axon branch removal at developing synapses by axosome shedding","volume":"44","author":"Bishop","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201108005","article-title":"Spatial constraints dictate glial territories at murine neuromuscular junctions","volume":"195","author":"Brill","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1976.sp011565","article-title":"Polyneuronal innervation of skeletal muscle in new-born rats and its elimination during maturation","volume":"261","author":"Brown","year":"1976","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.045328","article-title":"Number and spatial distribution of nuclei in the muscle fibres of normal mice studied in\u00a0vivo","volume":"551","author":"Bruusgaard","year":"2003","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01844","article-title":"Genetic evidence that relative synaptic efficacy biases the outcome of synaptic competition","volume":"424","author":"Buffelli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(81)90712-5","article-title":"Development of a transient retino-retinal pathway in hooded and albino rats","volume":"211","author":"Bunt","year":"1981","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000502","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000502","article-title":"An integrated micro- and macroarchitectural analysis of the Drosophila brain by computer-assisted serial section electron microscopy","volume":"8","author":"Cardona","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)00166-5","article-title":"Developmental remodeling of the retinogeniculate synapse","volume":"28","author":"Chen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1126\/science.275.5298.356","article-title":"Alterations in synaptic strength preceding axon withdrawal","volume":"275","author":"Colman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6474175","article-title":"Regressive events in neurogenesis","volume":"225","author":"Cowan","year":"1984","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)00084-2","article-title":"Imaging neuronal subsets in transgenic mice expressing multiple spectral variants of GFP","volume":"28","author":"Feng","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1987.tb08063.x","article-title":"Postnatal loss of synaptic terminals in the normal mouse soleus muscle","volume":"129","author":"Fladby","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5393.1508","article-title":"Synaptic segregation at the developing neuromuscular junction","volume":"282","author":"Gan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00298-8","article-title":"Functional differentiation of multiple climbing fiber inputs during synapse elimination in the developing cerebellum","volume":"38","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1017\/S1431927606066268","article-title":"Automating the collection of ultrathin serial sections for large volume TEM reconstructions","volume":"12","author":"Hayworth","year":"2006","journal-title":"Microsc. Microanal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(79)90349-4","article-title":"Synaptic density in human frontal cortex - developmental changes and effects of aging","volume":"163","author":"Huttenlocher","year":"1979","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7221566","article-title":"Growth and reshaping of axons in the establishment of visual callosal connections","volume":"212","author":"Innocenti","year":"1981","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1126\/science.163.3867.543","article-title":"Development of specific neuronal connections","volume":"163","author":"Jacobson","year":"1969","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0082(90)90025-C","article-title":"The perinatal reorganization of the innervation of skeletal muscle in mammals","volume":"34","author":"Jansen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1987.sp016538","article-title":"Motor units in a skeletal muscle of neonatal rat: mechanical properties and weak neuromuscular transmission","volume":"386","author":"Jones","year":"1987","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00383-X","article-title":"Asynchronous synapse elimination in neonatal motor units: studies using GFP transgenic mice","volume":"31","author":"Keller-Peck","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1971.sp009399","article-title":"Correlation between nerve terminal size and transmitter release at the neuromuscular junction of the frog","volume":"213","author":"Kuno","year":"1971","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1974.sp010681","article-title":"Synaptic transmission and cell death during normal ganglionic development","volume":"241","author":"Landmesser","year":"1974","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1977.sp012087","article-title":"The reorganization of synaptic connexions in the rat submandibular ganglion during post-natal development","volume":"273","author":"Lichtman","year":"1977","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1980.sp013233","article-title":"On the predominantly single innervation of submandibular ganglion cells in the rat","volume":"302","author":"Lichtman","year":"1980","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80893-4","article-title":"Synapse elimination and indelible memory","volume":"25","author":"Lichtman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1987.sp016827","article-title":"Properties of motor units in the transversus abdominis muscle of the garter snake","volume":"393","author":"Lichtman","year":"1987","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06293","article-title":"Transgenic strategies for combinatorial expression of fluorescent proteins in the nervous system","volume":"450","author":"Livet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4871-06.2007","article-title":"Development and elimination of endbulb synapses in the chick cochlear nucleus","volume":"27","author":"Lu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e32","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000032","article-title":"The interscutularis muscle connectome","volume":"7","author":"Lu","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3937","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.09-11-03937.1989","article-title":"Progressive restriction of synaptic vesicle protein to the nerve terminal during development of the neuromuscular junction","volume":"9","author":"Lupa","year":"1989","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)60041-2","article-title":"Elimination of synapses during the development of the central nervous system","volume":"58","author":"Mariani","year":"1983","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3663","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-10-03663.2000","article-title":"From plaque to pretzel: fold formation and acetylcholine receptor loss at the developing neuromuscular junction","volume":"20","author":"Marques","year":"2000","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1126\/science.279.5357.1725","article-title":"Hyperinnervation of neuromuscular junctions caused by GDNF overexpression in muscle","volume":"279","author":"Nguyen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7414326","article-title":"Elimination of synapses in the developing nervous system","volume":"210","author":"Purves","year":"1980","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1970.sp009187","article-title":"Neuromuscular transmission in new-born rats","volume":"209","author":"Redfern","year":"1970","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01262414","article-title":"Ultrastructural evidence for axon retraction during the spontaneous elimination of polyneuronal innervation of the rat soleus muscle","volume":"10","author":"Riley","year":"1981","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurocytol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.22.1.389","article-title":"Development of the vertebrate neuromuscular junction","volume":"22","author":"Sanes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20620","article-title":"A compensatory subpopulation of motor neurons in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"490","author":"Schaefer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1038\/298371a0","article-title":"Selective collateral elimination in early postnatal development restricts cortical distribution of rat pyramidal tract neurones","volume":"298","author":"Stanfield","year":"1982","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20531","article-title":"Microzonal projection and climbing fiber remodeling in single olivocerebellar axons of newborn rats at postnatal days 4-7","volume":"487","author":"Sugihara","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6563","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5342-05.2006","article-title":"Glial glutamate transporters maintain one-to-one relationship at the climbing fiber-Purkinje cell synapse by preventing glutamate spillover","volume":"26","author":"Takayasu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib45","series-title":"Fundamental Neuroscience","article-title":"Synapse elimination","author":"Tapia","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2011.439","article-title":"High-contrast en bloc staining of neuronal tissue for field emission scanning electron microscopy","volume":"7","author":"Tapia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(77)90049-5","article-title":"The extent of sprouting of remaining motor units in partly denervated immature and adult rat soleus muscle","volume":"2","author":"Thompson","year":"1977","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1038\/309709a0","article-title":"Fibre type composition of single motor units during synapse elimination in neonatal rat soleus muscle","volume":"309","author":"Thompson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001352","article-title":"Evidence for synaptic competition and its mechanism","author":"Turney","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)01142-X","article-title":"In\u00a0vivo time-lapse imaging of synaptic takeover associated with naturally occurring synapse elimination","volume":"37","author":"Walsh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(89)90124-7","article-title":"Changes in synaptic density in motor cortex of rhesus monkey during fetal and postnatal life","volume":"50","author":"Zecevic","year":"1989","journal-title":"Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res."}],"container-title":["Neuron"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0896627312003856?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0896627312003856?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,29]],"date-time":"2019-06-29T09:31:15Z","timestamp":1561800675000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0896627312003856"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0896627312003856"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.017","relation":{},"ISSN":["0896-6273"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0896-6273","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]}}}