{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T04:30:28Z","timestamp":1791001828710,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]],"date-time":"2019-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":371,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China Project","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["31761133014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31761133014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China Project","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["31471048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31471048"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Key Basic Research Project","award":["2016YFC1306801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC1306801"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS","award":["XDBS01070201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDBS01070201"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Key Basic Research Project","award":["16JC1420201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16JC1420201"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuron"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,20]],"date-time":"2018-09-20T10:43:40Z","timestamp":1537440220000},"page":"715-727.e5","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Probing Sensory Readout via Combined Choice-Correlation Measures and Microstimulation Perturbation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Xuefei","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib1","first-page":"177","article-title":"Cortical processing of visual motion","volume":"5","author":"Albright","year":"1993","journal-title":"Rev. Oculomot. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1101\/SQB.1990.055.01.069","article-title":"Hierarchical processing of motion in the visual cortex of monkey","volume":"55","author":"Andersen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0089-1","article-title":"Feedback determines the structure of correlated variability in primary visual cortex","volume":"21","author":"Bondy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.26.041002.131052","article-title":"Structure and function of visual area MT","volume":"28","author":"Born","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.195537","article-title":"Multisensory space: from eye-movements to self-motion","volume":"589","author":"Bremmer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2002.02207.x","article-title":"Heading encoding in the macaque ventral intraparietal area (VIP)","volume":"16","author":"Bremmer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-009-1990-3","article-title":"Visual selectivity for heading in monkey area MST","volume":"200","author":"Bremmer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.29.051605.112953","article-title":"Mechanisms of self-motion perception","volume":"31","author":"Britten","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/259","article-title":"Electrical microstimulation of cortical area MST biases heading perception in monkeys","volume":"1","author":"Britten","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/12.7.692","article-title":"Area MST and heading perception in macaque monkeys","volume":"12","author":"Britten","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523800010269","article-title":"Responses of neurons in macaque MT to stochastic motion signals","volume":"10","author":"Britten","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vis. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1017\/S095252380000715X","article-title":"A relationship between behavioral choice and the visual responses of neurons in macaque MT","volume":"13","author":"Britten","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vis. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18938","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1216799109","article-title":"Internal signal correlates neural populations and biases perceptual decision reports","volume":"109","author":"Carnevale","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.09.023","article-title":"An optimal decision population code that accounts for correlated variability unambiguously predicts a subject\u2019s choice","volume":"80","author":"Carnevale","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4109","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.14-07-04109.1994","article-title":"Neuronal and psychophysical sensitivity to motion signals in extrastriate area MST of the macaque monkey","volume":"14","author":"Celebrini","year":"1994","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1995.73.2.437","article-title":"Microstimulation of extrastriate area\u00a0MST influences performance on a direction discrimination task","volume":"73","author":"Celebrini","year":"1995","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3413","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1000-16.2017","article-title":"Neural representation and causal models in motor cortex","volume":"37","author":"Chaisanguanthum","year":"2017","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2669","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.90705.2008","article-title":"Clustering of self-motion selectivity and visual response properties in macaque area MSTd","volume":"100","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3082","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4476-10.2011","article-title":"A comparison of vestibular spatiotemporal tuning in macaque parietoinsular vestibular cortex, ventral intraparietal area, and medial superior temporal area","volume":"31","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11617","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1266-11.2011","article-title":"Convergence of vestibular and visual self-motion signals in an area of the posterior sylvian fissure","volume":"31","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12036","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0395-11.2011","article-title":"Representation of vestibular and visual cues to self-motion in ventral intraparietal cortex","volume":"31","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3567","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4522-12.2013","article-title":"Functional specializations of the ventral intraparietal area for multisensory heading discrimination","volume":"33","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3789","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2485-15.2016","article-title":"Evidence for a causal contribution of macaque vestibular, but not intraparietal, cortex to heading perception","volume":"36","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12020","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0004-09.2009","article-title":"Does the middle temporal area carry vestibular signals related to self-motion?","volume":"29","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2439","article-title":"Attention improves performance primarily by reducing interneuronal correlations","volume":"12","author":"Cohen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.08.007","article-title":"Context-dependent changes in functional circuitry in visual area MT","volume":"60","author":"Cohen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6163","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1031751100","article-title":"Complex movements evoked by microstimulation of the ventral intraparietal area","volume":"100","author":"Cooke","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3039","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00335.2015","article-title":"Insights into decision making using choice probability","volume":"114","author":"Crapse","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2016.01.009","article-title":"Feedforward and feedback sources of choice probability in neural population responses","volume":"37","author":"Cumming","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2012.12.012","article-title":"pyElectrode: an open-source tool using structural MRI for electrode positioning and neuron mapping","volume":"213","author":"Daye","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14266","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0605826103","article-title":"Neural correlate of subjective sensory experience gradually builds up across cortical areas","volume":"103","author":"de Lafuente","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E77","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0020077","article-title":"Perceptual \u201cread-out\u201d of conjoined direction and disparity maps in extrastriate area MT","volume":"2","author":"DeAngelis","year":"2004","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00717.2002","article-title":"Coding of horizontal disparity and velocity by MT neurons in the alert macaque","volume":"89","author":"DeAngelis","year":"2003","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4809","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-13-04809.2001","article-title":"Perceptually bistable three-dimensional figures evoke high choice probabilities in cortical area MT","volume":"21","author":"Dodd","year":"2001","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(71)90494-X","article-title":"Response properties and receptive fields of cells in an anatomically defined region of the superior temporal sulcus in the monkey","volume":"35","author":"Dubner","year":"1971","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5192","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-07-05192.1995","article-title":"Response of monkey MST neurons to optic flow stimuli with shifted centers of motion","volume":"15","author":"Duffy","year":"1995","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.02.006","article-title":"State dependence of noise correlations in macaque primary visual cortex","volume":"82","author":"Ecker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/1.1.1","article-title":"Distributed hierarchical processing in the primate cerebral cortex","volume":"1","author":"Felleman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/6.3.482","article-title":"Adjacent visual cortical complex cells share about 20% of their stimulus-related information","volume":"6","author":"Gawne","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5195","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3331-16.2017","article-title":"Dissociation of choice formation and choice-correlated activity in macaque visual cortex","volume":"37","author":"Goris","year":"2017","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2356-05.2006","article-title":"Visual and nonvisual contributions to three-dimensional heading selectivity in the medial superior temporal area","volume":"26","author":"Gu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1935","article-title":"A functional link between area MSTd and heading perception based on vestibular signals","volume":"10","author":"Gu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2191","article-title":"Neural correlates of multisensory cue integration in macaque MSTd","volume":"11","author":"Gu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.04.026","article-title":"Decoding of MSTd population activity accounts for variations in the precision of heading perception","volume":"66","author":"Gu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.06.015","article-title":"Perceptual learning reduces interneuronal correlations in macaque visual cortex","volume":"71","author":"Gu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2299","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5154-11.2012","article-title":"Causal links between dorsal medial superior temporal area neurons and multisensory heading perception","volume":"32","author":"Gu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02670","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.02670","article-title":"Contribution of correlated noise and selective decoding to choice probability measurements in extrastriate visual cortex","volume":"3","author":"Gu","year":"2014","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3309","article-title":"Inferring decoding strategies from choice probabilities in the presence of correlated variability","volume":"16","author":"Haefner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.03.020","article-title":"Perceptual decision-making as probabilistic inference by neural sampling","volume":"90","author":"Haefner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.03.031","article-title":"Decoding a perceptual decision process across cortex","volume":"66","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00637.2003","article-title":"Optic flow signals in extrastriate area MST: comparison of perceptual and neuronal sensitivity","volume":"91","author":"Heuer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.07.016","article-title":"Direct activation of sparse, distributed populations of cortical neurons by electrical microstimulation","volume":"63","author":"Histed","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1691","article-title":"Optimal representation of sensory information by neural populations","volume":"9","author":"Jazayeri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00068.2015","article-title":"Perceptual decision related activity in the lateral geniculate nucleus","volume":"114","author":"Jiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1038\/nn2070","article-title":"Neural correlates of perceptual learning in a sensory-motor, but not a sensory, cortical area","volume":"11","author":"Law","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7779","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5052-05.2006","article-title":"Local field potential in cortical area MT: stimulus tuning and behavioral correlations","volume":"26","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3267","article-title":"Choice-related activity and correlated noise in subcortical vestibular neurons","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01083.2009","article-title":"Extrastriate area MST and parietal area VIP similarly represent forward headings","volume":"104","author":"Maciokas","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E972","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1115685109","article-title":"Hierarchical processing of complex motion along the primate dorsal visual pathway","volume":"109","author":"Mineault","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.13-04-01719.1993","article-title":"Microstimulation in visual area MT: effects of varying pulse amplitude and frequency","volume":"13","author":"Murasugi","year":"1993","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2007.03.066","article-title":"Behavioral detection of electrical microstimulation in different cortical visual areas","volume":"17","author":"Murphey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14061","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0251-13.2013","article-title":"Joint representation of depth from motion parallax and binocular disparity cues in macaque area MT","volume":"33","author":"Nadler","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9530","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-21-09530.2002","article-title":"Middle temporal visual area microstimulation influences veridical judgments of motion direction","volume":"22","author":"Nichols","year":"2002","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9567","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2256-06.2006","article-title":"Macaque V2 neurons, but not V1 neurons, show choice-related activity","volume":"26","author":"Nienborg","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07821","article-title":"Decision-related activity in sensory neurons reflects more than a neuron\u2019s causal effect","volume":"459","author":"Nienborg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2010.05.002","article-title":"Correlations between the activity of sensory neurons and behavior: how much do they tell us about a neuron\u2019s causality?","volume":"20","author":"Nienborg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-062111-150403","article-title":"Decision-related activity in sensory neurons: correlations among neurons and with behavior","volume":"35","author":"Nienborg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00008.2007","article-title":"Higher order visual processing in macaque extrastriate cortex","volume":"88","author":"Orban","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2595","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.7.2595","article-title":"First-order analysis of optical flow in monkey brain","volume":"89","author":"Orban","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.21.1.227","article-title":"Sense and the single neuron: probing the physiology of perception","volume":"21","author":"Parker","year":"1998","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.06.033","article-title":"How can single sensory neurons predict behavior?","volume":"87","author":"Pitkow","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00465.2000","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of the responses of V1 neurons to horizontal disparity in dynamic random-dot stereograms","volume":"87","author":"Prince","year":"2002","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1373","article-title":"Neural population code for fine perceptual decisions in area MT","volume":"8","author":"Purushothaman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4433","article-title":"The spatial structure of correlated neuronal variability","volume":"20","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1038\/346174a0","article-title":"Cortical microstimulation influences perceptual judgements of motion direction","volume":"346","author":"Salzman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.12-06-02331.1992","article-title":"Microstimulation in visual area MT: effects on direction discrimination performance","volume":"12","author":"Salzman","year":"1992","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00578.2011","article-title":"Representation of 3-D surface orientation by velocity and disparity gradient cues in area MT","volume":"107","author":"Sanada","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.02.019","article-title":"Dynamic readout of behaviorally relevant signals from area MT during task switching","volume":"62","author":"Sasaki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4616","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0455-05.2005","article-title":"Multisensory space representations in the macaque ventral intraparietal area","volume":"25","author":"Schlack","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-04-01486.1996","article-title":"A computational analysis of the relationship between neuronal and behavioral responses to visual motion","volume":"16","author":"Shadlen","year":"1996","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00556.2017","article-title":"Clustering of heading selectivity and perception-related activity in the ventral intraparietal area","volume":"119","author":"Shao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib82","first-page":"1126","article-title":"Linking neural activity to visual perception: separating sensory and attentional contributions","author":"Smith","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.06.018","article-title":"A modality-specific feedforward component of choice-related activity in MT","volume":"87","author":"Smolyanskaya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1968.31.5.659","article-title":"Excitation of pyramidal tract cells by intracortical microstimulation: effective extent of stimulating current","volume":"31","author":"Stoney","year":"1968","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9742","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0817-07.2007","article-title":"Multimodal coding of three-dimensional rotation and translation in area MSTd: comparison of visual and vestibular selectivity","volume":"27","author":"Takahashi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.06-01-00134.1986","article-title":"Analysis of local and wide-field movements in the superior temporal visual areas of the macaque monkey","volume":"6","author":"Tanaka","year":"1986","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199604100-00003","article-title":"Neuronal activity in MST and STPp, but not MT changes systematically with stimulus-independent decisions","volume":"7","author":"Thiele","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2044","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.1999.00630.x","article-title":"Decision-related activity in the macaque dorsal visual pathway","volume":"11","author":"Thiele","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(04)00186-2","article-title":"Contribution of area MT to stereoscopic depth perception: choice-related response modulations reflect task strategy","volume":"42","author":"Uka","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6791","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5435-05.2006","article-title":"Linking neural representation to function in stereoscopic depth perception: roles of the middle temporal area in coarse versus fine disparity discrimination","volume":"26","author":"Uka","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13689","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4406-10.2012","article-title":"Change in choice-related response modulation in area MT during learning of a depth-discrimination task is consistent with task learning","volume":"32","author":"Uka","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1055","article-title":"Parietal activity and the perceived direction of ambiguous apparent motion","volume":"6","author":"Williams","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6177","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7177","article-title":"Sensory integration dynamics in a hierarchical network explains choice probabilities in cortical area MT","volume":"6","author":"Wimmer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2332","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00999.2012","article-title":"Spiral motion selective neurons in area MSTd contribute to judgments of heading","volume":"111","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17905","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4032-11.2011","article-title":"Binocular disparity tuning and visual-vestibular congruency of multisensory neurons in macaque parietal cortex","volume":"31","author":"Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4183","article-title":"Origins of choice-related activity in mouse somatosensory cortex","volume":"19","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6467","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1507402112","article-title":"Neuronal thresholds and choice-related activity of otolith afferent fibers during heading perception","volume":"112","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib98","first-page":"612","article-title":"Causal evidence of motion signals in macaque middle temporal area weighted-pooled for global heading perception","volume":"28","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00766-3","article-title":"Decoupled choice-driven and stimulus-related activity in parietal neurons may be misrepresented by choice probabilities","volume":"8","author":"Zaidel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2569","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5520-10.2011","article-title":"Parietal area VIP causally influences heading perception during pursuit eye movements","volume":"31","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.06.008","article-title":"Parietal area VIP neuronal responses to heading stimuli are encoded in head-centered coordinates","volume":"42","author":"Zhang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1038\/370140a0","article-title":"Correlated neuronal discharge rate and its implications for psychophysical performance","volume":"370","author":"Zohary","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Neuron"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0896627318307396?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0896627318307396?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,6]],"date-time":"2019-11-06T20:08:17Z","timestamp":1573070897000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0896627318307396"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"references-count":102,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0896627318307396"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034","relation":{},"ISSN":["0896-6273"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0896-6273","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Probing Sensory Readout via Combined Choice-Correlation Measures and Microstimulation Perturbation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neuron","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.08.034","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}