{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:05:58Z","timestamp":1792109158524,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":390,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000913","name":"James S. McDonnell Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000913","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010785","name":"Canada First Research Excellence Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010785","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuron"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,22]],"date-time":"2019-07-22T10:32:07Z","timestamp":1563791527000},"page":"1178-1190.e7","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":146,"title":["Neural Organization of Hierarchical Motor Sequence Representations in the Human Neocortex"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7428-3344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atsushi","family":"Yokoi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rn","family":"Diedrichsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1126\/science.4048942","article-title":"Encoding of spatial location by posterior parietal neurons","volume":"230","author":"Andersen","year":"1985","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10081","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3423-08.2008","article-title":"The posterior parietal cortex encodes in parallel both goals for double-reach sequences","volume":"28","author":"Baldauf","year":"2008","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib3","series-title":"Neural correlates of long-term motor sequence learning","author":"Berlot","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib4","series-title":"Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning","author":"Bishop","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2007.2056","article-title":"Multilevel structure in behaviour and in the brain: a model of Fuster\u2019s hierarchy","volume":"362","author":"Botvinick","year":"2007","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.111.2.395","article-title":"Doing without schema hierarchies: a recurrent connectionist approach to normal and impaired routine sequential action","volume":"111","author":"Botvinick","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.108.3.624","article-title":"Conflict monitoring and cognitive control","volume":"108","author":"Botvinick","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124104268644","article-title":"Multimodel inference - understanding AIC and BIC in model selection","volume":"33","author":"Burnham","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sociol. Methods Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0195-0","article-title":"Hierarchy of transcriptomic specialization across human cortex captured by structural neuroimaging topography","volume":"21","author":"Burt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl004","article-title":"The precuneus: a review of its functional anatomy and behavioural correlates","volume":"129","author":"Cavanna","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.09.008","article-title":"A Large-Scale Circuit Mechanism for Hierarchical Dynamical Processing in the Primate Cortex","volume":"88","author":"Chaudhuri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.10.010","article-title":"Processing Timescales as an Organizing Principle for Primate Cortex","volume":"88","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1080\/026432900380427","article-title":"Contention scheduling and the control of routine activities","volume":"17","author":"Cooper","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cogn. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1005508","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005508","article-title":"Representational models: A common framework for understanding encoding, pattern-component, and representational-similarity analysis","volume":"13","author":"Diedrichsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.04.039","article-title":"Detecting and adjusting for artifacts in fMRI time series data","volume":"27","author":"Diedrichsen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.01.044","article-title":"Comparing the similarity and spatial structure of neural representations: a pattern-component model","volume":"55","author":"Diedrichsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs120","article-title":"Two distinct ipsilateral cortical representations for individuated finger movements","volume":"23","author":"Diedrichsen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib18","article-title":"On the distribution of crossvalidated mahalanobis distances","author":"Diedrichsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.08.051","article-title":"Pattern component modeling: A flexible approach for understanding the representational structure of brain activity patterns","volume":"180","author":"Diedrichsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.022615199","article-title":"Experience-dependent changes in cerebellar contributions to motor sequence learning","volume":"99","author":"Doyon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3902-04.2005","article-title":"Frontal lobe inputs to the digit representations of the motor areas on the lateral surface of the hemisphere","volume":"25","author":"Dum","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4038","article-title":"Hand use predicts the structure of representations in sensorimotor cortex","volume":"18","author":"Ejaz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0193(1999)8:4<272::AID-HBM10>3.0.CO;2-4","article-title":"High-resolution intersubject averaging and a coordinate system for the cortical surface","volume":"8","author":"Fischl","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1086872","article-title":"Representation of action sequence boundaries by macaque prefrontal cortical neurons","volume":"301","author":"Fujii","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib25","series-title":"The Prefrontal Cortex","author":"Fuster","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.1995.7.4.497","article-title":"Functional mapping of sequence learning in normal humans","volume":"7","author":"Grafton","year":"1995","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1006\/nlme.1998.3843","article-title":"The basal ganglia and chunking of action repertoires","volume":"70","author":"Graybiel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Learn. Mem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a021691","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a021691","article-title":"The striatum: where skills and habits meet","volume":"7","author":"Graybiel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00405","article-title":"A surface-based analysis of language lateralization and cortical asymmetry","volume":"25","author":"Greve","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2306","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.11.2306","article-title":"Neural representations of skilled movement","volume":"123","author":"Haaland","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4551-05.2006","article-title":"Goal representation in human anterior intraparietal sulcus","volume":"26","author":"Hamilton","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2015.04.006","article-title":"Hierarchical process memory: memory as an integral component of information processing","volume":"19","author":"Hasson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(99)01439-3","article-title":"Parallel neural networks for learning sequential procedures","volume":"22","author":"Hikosaka","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/121.11.2159","article-title":"Dynamic cortical involvement in implicit and explicit motor sequence learning. A PET study","volume":"121","author":"Honda","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10240","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0701519104","article-title":"Network structure of cerebral cortex shapes functional connectivity on multiple time scales","volume":"104","author":"Honey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib36","first-page":"771","article-title":"Disordered action schema and action disorganisation syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Humphreys","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cogn. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.130.4.658","article-title":"Statistical learning in a serial reaction time task: access to separable statistical cues by individual learners","volume":"130","author":"Hunt","year":"2001","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Psychol. Gen."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.1054","article-title":"Image distortion correction in fMRI: A quantitative evaluation","volume":"16","author":"Hutton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-007-0121-7","article-title":"Taking patterns for chunks: is there any evidence of chunk learning in continuous serial reaction-time tasks?","volume":"72","author":"Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1995.10476572","article-title":"Bayes Factors","volume":"90","author":"Kass","year":"1995","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Stat. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2254","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.1998.00237.x","article-title":"Regional cerebral blood flow changes in human brain related to ipsilateral and contralateral complex hand movements--a PET study","volume":"10","author":"Kawashima","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000209","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000209","article-title":"A hierarchy of time-scales and the brain","volume":"4","author":"Kiebel","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.05.017","article-title":"Broca\u2019s area and the hierarchical organization of human behavior","volume":"50","author":"Koechlin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e03043","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.03043","article-title":"Human premotor areas parse sequences into their spatial and temporal features","volume":"3","author":"Kornysheva","year":"2014","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2019.tb00069.x","article-title":"Motor Learning","volume":"9","author":"Krakauer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Compr. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib46","first-page":"4","article-title":"Representational similarity analysis - connecting the branches of systems neuroscience","volume":"2","author":"Kriegeskorte","year":"2008","journal-title":"Front. Syst. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-0102(91)90116-G","article-title":"Corticocortical inputs to the dorsal and ventral aspects of the premotor cortex of macaque monkeys","volume":"12","author":"Kurata","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib48","series-title":"Cerebral Mechanisms in Behavior","first-page":"112","article-title":"The problem of serial order in behavior. In","author":"Lashley","year":"1951"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2906","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3684-10.2011","article-title":"Topographic mapping of a hierarchy of temporal receptive windows using a narrated story","volume":"31","author":"Lerner","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903410308","article-title":"Interconnections between the prefrontal cortex and the premotor areas in the frontal lobe","volume":"341","author":"Lu","year":"1994","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12574","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1608282113","article-title":"Situating the default-mode network along a principal gradient of macroscale cortical organization","volume":"113","author":"Margulies","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00784.2006","article-title":"Skill representation in the primary motor cortex after long-term practice","volume":"97","author":"Matsuzaka","year":"2007","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib53","series-title":"Plans and the Structure of Behavior","author":"Miller","year":"1960"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3862","article-title":"A hierarchy of intrinsic timescales across primate cortex","volume":"17","author":"Murray","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2851","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13063","article-title":"Decoding sequential finger movements from preparatory activity in higher-order motor regions: a functional magnetic resonance imaging multi-voxel pattern analysis","volume":"42","author":"Nambu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib56","series-title":"On spectral clustering: analysis and an algorithm","author":"Ng","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003553","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003553","article-title":"A toolbox for representational similarity analysis","volume":"10","author":"Nili","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1084884","article-title":"Conversion of working memory to motor sequence in the monkey premotor cortex","volume":"301","author":"Ohbayashi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1971","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2356-15.2016","article-title":"Inactivation of the Dorsal Premotor Area Disrupts Internally Generated, But Not Visually Guided, Sequential Movements","volume":"36","author":"Ohbayashi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.04.270","article-title":"A comparison of volume-based and surface-based multi-voxel pattern analysis","volume":"56","author":"Oosterhof","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1177\/105971230501300303","article-title":"How hierarchical control self-organizes in artificial adaptive systems","volume":"13","author":"Paine","year":"2005","journal-title":"Adapt. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.02.046","article-title":"A Bayesian model of shape and appearance for subcortical brain segmentation","volume":"56","author":"Patenaude","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2011.09.044","article-title":"Parallel contributions of cerebellar, striatal and M1 mechanisms to motor sequence learning","volume":"226","author":"Penhune","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3714","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-11-03714.1996","article-title":"Functional anatomy of a prelearned sequence of horizontal saccades in humans","volume":"16","author":"Petit","year":"1996","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/6.3.342","article-title":"Motor areas of the medial wall: a review of their location and functional activation","volume":"6","author":"Picard","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3477","article-title":"Extended practice of a motor skill is associated with reduced metabolic activity in M1","volume":"16","author":"Picard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.1997.9.2.222","article-title":"Spatial transformations in the parietal cortex using basis functions","volume":"9","author":"Pouget","year":"1997","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12176","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12176","article-title":"Chunking as the result of an efficiency computation trade-off","volume":"7","author":"Ramkumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5371(67)80149-X","article-title":"Implicit learning of artificial grammars","volume":"6","author":"Reber","year":"1967","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Verbal Learn. Verbal Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.08.065","article-title":"Bayesian model selection for group studies - revisited","volume":"84","author":"Rigoux","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.08.051","article-title":"Bayesian model selection maps for group studies","volume":"49","author":"Rosa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.9.1.86","article-title":"Hierarchical control of rapid movement sequences","volume":"9","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"1983","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.01.004","article-title":"Motor cortex embeds muscle-like commands in an untangled population response","volume":"97","author":"Russo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib74","article-title":"Neural trajectories in the supplementary motor area and primary motor cortex exhibit distinct geometries, compatible with different classes of computation","author":"Russo","year":"2019","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2691","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-08-02691.1996","article-title":"Complexity affects regional cerebral blood flow change during sequential finger movements","volume":"16","author":"Sadato","year":"1996","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-05-01827.1998","article-title":"Transition of brain activation from frontal to parietal areas in visuomotor sequence learning","volume":"18","author":"Sakai","year":"1998","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-003-1548-8","article-title":"Chunking during human visuomotor sequence learning","volume":"152","author":"Sakai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1037\/rev0000128","article-title":"Variable precision in visual perception","volume":"126","author":"Shen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3247","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1998.80.6.3247","article-title":"Both supplementary and presupplementary motor areas are crucial for the temporal organization of multiple movements","volume":"80","author":"Shima","year":"1998","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05470","article-title":"Categorization of behavioural sequences in the prefrontal cortex","volume":"445","author":"Shima","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib81","series-title":"Biometry: The Principles and Practice of Statistics in Biological Research","author":"Sokal","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.18.2.318","article-title":"Statistical Structure and implicit serial learning","volume":"18","author":"Stadler","year":"1992","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cogn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.03.025","article-title":"Bayesian model selection for group studies","volume":"46","author":"Stephan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1038\/371413a0","article-title":"Role for supplementary motor area cells in planning several movements ahead","volume":"371","author":"Tanji","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10259","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2144-07.2007","article-title":"Diffusion-weighted imaging tractography-based parcellation of the human lateral premotor cortex identifies dorsal and ventral subregions with anatomical and functional specializations","volume":"27","author":"Tomassini","year":"2007","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2012.05.007","article-title":"Distinct modes of executing movement sequences: reacting, associating, and chunking","volume":"140","author":"Verwey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Psychol. (Amst.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1080\/00222895.1996.9941735","article-title":"Practicing a structured continuous key-pressing task: Motor chunking or rhythm consolidation?","volume":"28","author":"Verwey","year":"1996","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Mot. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib88","first-page":"32","article-title":"Cognitive processing in new and practiced discrete keying sequences","volume":"1","author":"Verwey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1007\/s11222-007-9033-z","article-title":"A tutorial on spectral clustering","volume":"17","author":"Von Luxburg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stat. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.12.012","article-title":"Reliability of dissimilarity measures for multi-voxel pattern analysis","volume":"137","author":"Walther","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00801","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.00801","article-title":"Skill learning strengthens cortical representations of motor sequences","volume":"2","author":"Wiestler","year":"2013","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5054","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5363-13.2014","article-title":"Effector-independent motor sequence representations exist in extrinsic and intrinsic reference frames","volume":"34","author":"Wiestler","year":"2014","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00218.2015","article-title":"Explicit knowledge enhances motor vigor and performance: motivation versus practice in sequence tasks","volume":"114","author":"Wong","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4213","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhu144","article-title":"The Human Motor System Supports Sequence-Specific Representations over Multiple Training-Dependent Timescales","volume":"25","author":"Wymbs","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.03.038","article-title":"Differential recruitment of the sensorimotor putamen and frontoparietal cortex during motor chunking in humans","volume":"74","author":"Wymbs","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00338.2011","article-title":"The organization of the human cerebral cortex estimated by intrinsic functional connectivity","volume":"106","author":"Yeo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17058","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2982-11.2011","article-title":"Gain field encoding of the kinematics of both arms in the internal model enables flexible bimanual action","volume":"31","author":"Yokoi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00387.2016","article-title":"Restricted transfer of learning between unimanual and bimanual finger sequences","volume":"117","author":"Yokoi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2798-17.2017","article-title":"The Role of Human Primary Motor Cortex in the Production of Skilled Finger Sequences","volume":"38","author":"Yokoi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci."}],"container-title":["Neuron"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0896627319305677?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0896627319305677?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T07:23:01Z","timestamp":1760253781000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0896627319305677"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"references-count":99,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0896627319305677"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017","relation":{},"ISSN":["0896-6273"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0896-6273","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Neural Organization of Hierarchical Motor Sequence Representations in the Human Neocortex","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neuron","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.017","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}