{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T15:30:23Z","timestamp":1786116623035,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":221,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018693","name":"Horizon Europe","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018693","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuron"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T15:05:39Z","timestamp":1784214339000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optogenetic mimicry of drug action: Tools and models to dissect the dopamine-dependent core of addiction"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7917-4596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"L\u00fcscher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurena","family":"Python","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrice","family":"Chaudun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Pascoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1511480","article-title":"Neurobiologic Advances from the Brain Disease Model of Addiction","volume":"374","author":"Volkow","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/0893-133X(95)00274-H","article-title":"Preclinical evaluation of pharmacotherapies for treatment of cocaine and opioid abuse using drug self-administration procedures","volume":"14","author":"Mello","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2010.02.001","article-title":"Brain reward circuitry beyond the mesolimbic dopamine system: A neurobiological theory","volume":"35","author":"Ikemoto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12629","article-title":"Revisiting long-access versus short-access cocaine self-administration in rats: intermittent intake promotes addiction symptoms independent of session length","volume":"24","author":"Allain","year":"2019","journal-title":"Addict. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5387.298","article-title":"Transition from Moderate to Excessive Drug Intake: Change in Hedonic Set Point","volume":"282","author":"Ahmed","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-013-3120-y","article-title":"The reinstatement model of drug relapse: recent neurobiological findings, emerging research topics, and translational research","volume":"229","author":"Bossert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/s43586-022-00136-4","article-title":"Optogenetics for light control of biological systems","volume":"2","author":"Emiliani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Methods Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.115.011478","article-title":"Psychedelics","volume":"68","author":"Nichols","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5274","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.14.5274","article-title":"Drugs abused by humans preferentially increase synaptic dopamine concentrations in the mesolimbic system of freely moving rats","volume":"85","author":"Di Chiara","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib10","first-page":"15","article-title":"Neural mechanisms of the reinforcing action of cocaine","volume":"50","author":"Wise","year":"1984","journal-title":"NIDA Res. Monogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e437","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030437","article-title":"The mechanistic classification of addictive drugs","volume":"3","author":"L\u00fcscher","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLOS Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(99)01447-2","article-title":"The dopamine hypothesis of reward: past and current status","volume":"22","author":"Spanagel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1037\/h0058775","article-title":"Positive reinforcement produced by electrical stimulation of septal area and other regions of rat brain","volume":"47","author":"Olds","year":"1954","journal-title":"J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2007.03.021","article-title":"Coordinated Accumbal Dopamine Release and Neural Activity Drive Goal-Directed Behavior","volume":"54","author":"Cheer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0409726102","article-title":"Dopamine D1 receptors involved in locomotor activity and accumbens neural responses to prediction of reward associated with place","volume":"102","author":"Tran","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.112.007419","article-title":"Intracranial Self-Stimulation to Evaluate Abuse Potential of Drugs","volume":"66","author":"Negus","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.19.030196.001535","article-title":"Addictive Drugs and Brain Stimulation Reward","volume":"19","author":"Wise","year":"1996","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.32","article-title":"Impulsivity is predicted by the thinness of the insular cortex in rats","volume":"21","author":"Belin-Rauscent","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.06.005","article-title":"Animal models in addiction research: A dimensional approach","volume":"106","author":"Lamontagne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21422","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-24740-2","article-title":"Establishment of multi-stage intravenous self-administration paradigms in mice","volume":"12","author":"Slosky","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)21719-0","article-title":"Intravenous self-administration of dopamine receptor agonists by rhesus monkeys","volume":"230","author":"Woolverton","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00427393","article-title":"Amphetamine- type reinforcement by dopaminergic agonists in the rat","volume":"58","author":"Yokel","year":"1978","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol. (Berl.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02246095","article-title":"Habit-forming actions of nomifensine in nucleus accumbens","volume":"122","author":"Carlezon","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol. (Berl.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799274","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsyn.2021.799274","article-title":"Cell-Type-Specific Adaptions in Striatal Medium-Sized Spiny Neurons and Their Roles in Behavioral Responses to Drugs of Abuse","volume":"13","author":"Allichon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Synaptic Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.04.005","article-title":"Extracellular Signal-Regulated Protein Kinases 1 and 2 Activation by Addictive Drugs: A Signal Toward Pathological Adaptation","volume":"76","author":"Pascoli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2019.11.001","article-title":"From Signaling Molecules to Circuits and Behaviors: Cell-Type\u2013Specific Adaptations to Psychostimulant Exposure in the Striatum","volume":"87","author":"Salery","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07440-x","article-title":"Distinct \u03bc-opioid ensembles trigger positive and negative fentanyl reinforcement","volume":"630","author":"Chaudun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0789-4","article-title":"Stochastic synaptic plasticity underlying compulsion in a model of addiction","volume":"564","author":"Pascoli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-026-02331-y","article-title":"Conditioned accumbal dopamine transients forecast individual preference for drug vs. natural rewards and compulsive behavior","author":"Pascoli","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.10.017","article-title":"Sufficiency of Mesolimbic Dopamine Neuron Stimulation for the Progression to Addiction","volume":"88","author":"Pascoli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.03.055","article-title":"Accumbal Dopamine Release Tracks the Expectation of Dopamine Neuron-Mediated Reinforcement","volume":"27","author":"Covey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-020-00981-9","article-title":"Next-generation GRAB sensors for monitoring dopaminergic activity in vivo","volume":"17","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaat4422","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat4422","article-title":"Ultrafast neuronal imaging of dopamine dynamics with designed genetically encoded sensors","volume":"360","author":"Patriarchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-023-02100-w","article-title":"Improved green and red GRAB sensors for monitoring dopaminergic activity in vivo","volume":"21","author":"Zhuo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.10.028","article-title":"Recombinase-driver rat lines: tools, techniques, and optogenetic application to dopamine-mediated reinforcement","volume":"72","author":"Witten","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.16230","article-title":"Characterization of dopaminergic projections from the ventral tegmental area and the dorsal raphe nucleus to the orbital frontal cortex","volume":"59","author":"Noble","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib37","article-title":"Sensitive dLight for imaging broad-spectrum dopamine events across brain regions","author":"Tian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Res. Sq."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6196","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-61180-8","article-title":"Nicotine engages a VTA-NAc feedback loop to inhibit amygdala-projecting dopamine neurons and induce anxiety-like behaviors","volume":"16","author":"Le Borgne","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065799","article-title":"Operant Self-Stimulation of Dopamine Neurons in the Substantia Nigra","volume":"8","author":"Rossi","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.12.036","article-title":"Diversity of Transgenic Mouse Models for Selective Targeting of Midbrain Dopamine Neurons","volume":"85","author":"Lammel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3553","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-020-05635-4","article-title":"Altered baseline and amphetamine-mediated behavioral profiles in dopamine transporter Cre (DAT-Ires-Cre) mice compared to tyrosine hydroxylase Cre (TH-Cre) mice","volume":"237","author":"Chohan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109123","article-title":"Generation of a DAT-P2A-Flpo mouse line for intersectional genetic targeting of dopamine neuron subpopulations","volume":"35","author":"Kramer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0198-19.2019","article-title":"Off-Target Effects in Transgenic Mice: Characterization of Dopamine Transporter (DAT)-Cre Transgenic Mouse Lines Exposes Multiple Non-Dopaminergic Neuronal Clusters Available for Selective Targeting within Limbic Neurocircuitry","volume":"6","author":"Papathanou","year":"2019","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2520","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1515724113","article-title":"Consumption of palatable food primes food approach behavior by rapidly increasing synaptic density in the VTA","volume":"113","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0421-23.2024","article-title":"Sensory Cues Potentiate VTA Dopamine Mediated Reinforcement","volume":"11","author":"Wolff","year":"2024","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(80)90666-6","article-title":"Intracranial self-stimulation in relation to the ascending dopaminergic systems of the midbrain: a moveable electrode mapping study","volume":"185","author":"Corbett","year":"1980","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3888","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.07-12-03888.1987","article-title":"The role of dopamine in intracranial self-stimulation of the ventral tegmental area","volume":"7","author":"Fibiger","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(89)80015-6","article-title":"Toward a cellular analysis of intracranial self-stimulation: Contributions of collision studies","volume":"13","author":"Shizgal","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(77)90084-3","article-title":"On the role of ascending catecholaminergic systems in intravenous self-administration of cocaine","volume":"6","author":"Roberts","year":"1977","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-47481-4","article-title":"Ventral tegmental area dopamine projections to the hippocampus trigger long-term potentiation and contextual learning","volume":"15","author":"Sayegh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.06.006","article-title":"The heterogeneity of ventral tegmental area neurons: Projection functions in a mood-related context","volume":"282","author":"Walsh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.08.023","article-title":"A unique population of ventral tegmental area neurons inhibits the lateral habenula to promote reward","volume":"80","author":"Stamatakis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04954-0","article-title":"Dopamine subsystems that track internal states","volume":"608","author":"Grove","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.101035","article-title":"Molecular and spatial transcriptomic classification of midbrain dopamine neurons and their alterations in a LRRK2G2019S model of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"13","author":"Gaertner","year":"2025","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.01.022","article-title":"Unique Properties of Mesoprefrontal Neurons within a Dual Mesocorticolimbic Dopamine System","volume":"57","author":"Lammel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24572","article-title":"Relative contributions and mapping of ventral tegmental area dopamine and GABA neurons by projection target in the rat","volume":"527","author":"Breton","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104482","article-title":"Dopamine-glutamate neuron projections to the nucleus accumbens medial shell and behavioral switching","volume":"129","author":"Mingote","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.11.005","article-title":"A Neural Circuit Mechanism for Encoding Aversive Stimuli in the Mesolimbic Dopamine System","volume":"101","author":"de Jong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-110920-011929","article-title":"Mesoaccumbal Dopamine Heterogeneity: What Do Dopamine Firing and Release Have to Do with It?","volume":"45","author":"De Jong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.39945","article-title":"Dopamine neurons projecting to medial shell of the nucleus accumbens drive heroin reinforcement","volume":"7","author":"Corre","year":"2018","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1998.80.1.1","article-title":"Predictive Reward Signal of Dopamine Neurons","volume":"80","author":"Schultz","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.08.037","article-title":"Dopamine Prediction Errors in Reward Learning and Addiction: From Theory to Neural Circuitry","volume":"88","author":"Keiflin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1944","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1102384","article-title":"Addiction as a Computational Process Gone Awry","volume":"306","author":"Redish","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2024.114668","article-title":"Distinct dynamics and intrinsic properties in ventral tegmental area populations mediate reward association and motivation","volume":"43","author":"Elum","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.90158","article-title":"Stimulation of VTA dopamine inputs to LH upregulates orexin neuronal activity in a DRD2-dependent manner","volume":"12","author":"Harada","year":"2024","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3413","article-title":"A causal link between prediction errors, dopamine neurons and learning","volume":"16","author":"Steinberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.06.076","article-title":"Disentangling prediction error and value in a formal test of dopamine\u2019s role in reinforcement learning","volume":"35","author":"Usypchuk","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.02.014","article-title":"Potential vulnerabilities of neuronal reward, risk, and decision mechanisms to addictive drugs","volume":"69","author":"Schultz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2007.00070.x","article-title":"Measuring reward with the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm: update of the last decade","volume":"12","author":"Tzschentke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Addict. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(86)90598-6","article-title":"Dopaminergic substrates of cocaine-induced place conditioning","volume":"399","author":"Morency","year":"1986","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00735892","article-title":"Cocaine-induced place conditioning: importance of route of administration and other procedural variables","volume":"94","author":"Nomikos","year":"1988","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-4328(87)90016-7","article-title":"Intravenous cocaine-induced place preference: attenuation by haloperidol","volume":"26","author":"Spyraki","year":"1987","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.811192","article-title":"Identification of the Risk Genes Associated With Vulnerability to Addiction: Major Findings From Transgenic Animals","volume":"15","author":"Jordan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2862","article-title":"Cocaine supersensitivity and enhanced motivation for reward in mice lacking dopamine D2 autoreceptors","volume":"14","author":"Bello","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8229","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1754-10.2010","article-title":"Dopaminergic Terminals in the Nucleus Accumbens But Not the Dorsal Striatum Corelease Glutamate","volume":"30","author":"Stuber","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0910986107","article-title":"VGLUT2 in dopamine neurons is required for psychostimulant-induced behavioral activation","volume":"107","author":"Birgner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.02.012","article-title":"Vesicular Glutamate Transport Promotes Dopamine Storage and Glutamate Corelease In Vivo","volume":"65","author":"Hnasko","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.baga.2011.11.004","article-title":"Regulation of striatal dopamine release by presynaptic auto- and heteroreceptors","volume":"2","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Basal Ganglia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1451-21.2021","article-title":"A Conditioned Place Preference for Heroin Is Signaled by Increased Dopamine and Direct Pathway Activity and Decreased Indirect Pathway Activity in the Nucleus Accumbens","volume":"42","author":"O\u2019Neal","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2003.10.021","article-title":"Effects of morphine and cocaine in mice with stable high aggressive and nonaggressive behavioral strategy","volume":"77","author":"Vekovischeva","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2002.02187.x","article-title":"Neural correlates of the motivational and somatic components of naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal","volume":"16","author":"Frenois","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300487","article-title":"Buprenorphine and a CRF1 Antagonist Block the Acquisition of Opiate Withdrawal-Induced Conditioned Place Aversion in Rats","volume":"30","author":"Stinus","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(87)90621-2","article-title":"Blockade of D-1 receptors by SCH 23390 antagonizes morphine- and amphetamine-induced place preference conditioning","volume":"135","author":"Leone","year":"1987","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-013-3002-3","article-title":"Ventral tegmental area GABA neurons and opiate motivation","volume":"227","author":"Ting-a-Kee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04172","article-title":"Morphine reward in dopamine-deficient mice","volume":"438","author":"Hnasko","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2010.186","article-title":"A Dopamine D1 Receptor-Dependent \u03b2-Arrestin Signaling Complex Potentially Regulates Morphine-Induced Psychomotor Activation but not Reward in Mice","volume":"36","author":"Urs","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(01)00327-8","article-title":"Motivational state determines the functional role of the mesolimbic dopamine system in the mediation of opiate reward processes","volume":"129","author":"Laviolette","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1168501","article-title":"Ventral tegmental area BDNF induces an opiate-dependent-like reward state in naive rats","volume":"324","author":"Vargas-Perez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(85)90384-3","article-title":"Pharmacologic characterization of nicotine-induced conditioned place preference","volume":"22","author":"Fudala","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-005-0295-x","article-title":"The \u03b22 but not \u03b17 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is required for nicotine-conditioned place preference in mice","volume":"184","author":"Walters","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-005-0211-4","article-title":"Nicotine-conditioned single-trial place preference: selective role of nucleus accumbens shell dopamine D1 receptors in acquisition","volume":"184","author":"Spina","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2021.06.013","article-title":"Nicotine inhibits the VTA-to-amygdala dopamine pathway to promote anxiety","volume":"109","author":"Nguyen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8853","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0988-20.2020","article-title":"Dissecting the Role of GABA Neurons in the VTA versus SNr in Opioid Reward","volume":"40","author":"Galaj","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1168878","article-title":"Phasic firing in dopaminergic neurons is sufficient for behavioral conditioning","volume":"324","author":"Tsai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.02.015","article-title":"GABA neurons of the VTA drive conditioned place aversion","volume":"73","author":"Tan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-48340-y","article-title":"Ventral pallidum GABA and glutamate neurons drive approach and avoidance through distinct modulation of VTA cell types","volume":"15","author":"Faget","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0866-8","article-title":"Interacting neural ensembles in orbitofrontal cortex for social and feeding behaviour","volume":"565","author":"Jennings","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2020.02.029","article-title":"Periaqueductal Gray and Rostromedial Tegmental Inhibitory Afferents to VTA Have Distinct Synaptic Plasticity and Opiate Sensitivity","volume":"106","author":"St Laurent","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.02.016","article-title":"Activation of VTA GABA neurons disrupts reward consumption","volume":"73","author":"van Zessen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.02.062","article-title":"Disrupting Glutamate Co-transmission Does Not Affect Acquisition of Conditioned Behavior Reinforced by Dopamine Neuron Activation","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-024-01905-3","article-title":"VTA glutamatergic projections to the nucleus accumbens suppress psychostimulant-seeking behavior","volume":"49","author":"Barbano","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02245149","article-title":"The mesolimbic dopaminergic system is implicated in the reinforcing effects of nicotine","volume":"107","author":"Corrigall","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2005.04.016","article-title":"The mesolimbic dopamine system: The final common pathway for the reinforcing effect of drugs of abuse?","volume":"30","author":"Pierce","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-8329(90)90004-V","article-title":"Pharmacology of drug self-administration","volume":"7","author":"Koob","year":"1990","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00413156","article-title":"Factors affecting voluntary morphine intake in self-maintained addicted rats","volume":"6","author":"Weeks","year":"1964","journal-title":"Psychopharmacologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)27954-X","article-title":"Cocaine-reinforced behavior in rats: effects of reinforcement magnitude and fixed-ratio size","volume":"161","author":"Pickens","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13140","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2284-07.2007","article-title":"Lack of Self-Administration of Cocaine in Dopamine D1 Receptor Knock-Out Mice","volume":"27","author":"Caine","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.109.156265","article-title":"Lack of Cocaine Self-Administration in Mice Expressing a Cocaine-Insensitive Dopamine Transporter","volume":"331","author":"Thomsen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib109","article-title":"Optogenetic mimicry of the transient activation of dopamine neurons by natural reward is sufficient for operant reinforcement","volume":"7","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0094771","article-title":"Positive reinforcement mediated by midbrain dopamine neurons requires D1 and D2 receptor activation in the nucleus accumbens","volume":"9","author":"Steinberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2276","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-022-00866-x","article-title":"Activation of mesocorticolimbic dopamine projections initiates cue-induced reinstatement of reward seeking in mice","volume":"43","author":"Jing","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2014.00155","article-title":"Phasic excitation of ventral tegmental dopamine neurons potentiates the initiation of conditioned approach behavior: parametric and reinforcement-schedule analyses","volume":"8","author":"Ilango","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abi9086","article-title":"Synaptic mechanism underlying serotonin modulation of transition to cocaine addiction","volume":"373","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib114","article-title":"Optical Intracranial Self-Stimulation (oICSS): A New Behavioral Model for Studying Drug Reward and Aversion in Rodents","volume":"25","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.12.008","article-title":"High Impulsivity Predicts Relapse to Cocaine-Seeking After Punishment-Induced Abstinence","volume":"65","author":"Economidou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.018","article-title":"Corticostriatal Activity Driving Compulsive Reward Seeking","volume":"90","author":"Harada","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-007-0805-0","article-title":"Compulsive drug seeking by rats under punishment: effects of drug taking history","volume":"194","author":"Pelloux","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15457","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4072-10.2010","article-title":"Shift from Goal-Directed to Habitual Cocaine Seeking after Prolonged Experience in Rats","volume":"30","author":"Zapata","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1126\/science.134.3483.943","article-title":"Progressive Ratio as a Measure of Reward Strength","volume":"134","author":"Hodos","year":"1961","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2007.02011.x","article-title":"Self-administration of drugs in animals and humans as a model and an investigative tool","volume":"102","author":"Panlilio","year":"2007","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00571401","article-title":"Progressive-ratio performance maintained by drug infusions: Comparison of cocaine, diethylpropion, chlorphentermine, and fenfluramine","volume":"56","author":"Griffiths","year":"1978","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(93)90503-L","article-title":"Parameters of self-administration of cocaine in rats under a progressive-ratio schedule","volume":"45","author":"Depoortere","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00439560","article-title":"Self-administration of cocaine on a progressive ratio schedule in rats: dose-response relationship and effect of haloperidol pretreatment","volume":"97","author":"Roberts","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130051153","article-title":"Nicotine self-administration in rats on a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement","volume":"147","author":"Donny","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130000415","article-title":"Self-administration of remifentanil, an ultra-short acting opioid, under continuous and progressive-ratio schedules of reinforcement in rats","volume":"150","author":"Panlilio","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-019-0356-1","article-title":"Sex differences in opioid reinforcement under a fentanyl vs. food choice procedure in rats","volume":"44","author":"Townsend","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-10-j0004.2002","article-title":"Failure of Intravenous Morphine to Serve as an Effective Instrumental Reinforcer in Dopamine D2 Receptor Knock-Out Mice","volume":"22","author":"Elmer","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1802","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12449","article-title":"Behavioral and transcriptional patterns of protracted opioid self-administration in mice","volume":"22","author":"Skupio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Addict. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2010.188","article-title":"High-Novelty-Preference Rats are Predisposed to Compulsive Cocaine Self-administration","volume":"36","author":"Belin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1099020","article-title":"Evidence for addiction-like behavior in the rat","volume":"305","author":"Deroche-Gamonet","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02245524","article-title":"Self-administration of GBR 12909 on a fixed ratio and progressive ratio schedule in rats","volume":"111","author":"Roberts","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol. (Berl.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3104","article-title":"Opiate versus psychostimulant addiction: the differences do matter","volume":"12","author":"Badiani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00427441","article-title":"Destruction of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens selectively attenuates cocaine but not heroin self-administration in rats","volume":"84","author":"Pettit","year":"1984","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.107.120766","article-title":"Modulation of Heroin and Cocaine Self-Administration by Dopamine D1- and D2-Like Receptor Agonists in Rhesus Monkeys","volume":"321","author":"Rowlett","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(93)90013-P","article-title":"The neural basis of drug craving: An incentive-sensitization theory of addiction","volume":"18","author":"Robinson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10709","article-title":"Reversal of cocaine-evoked synaptic potentiation resets drug-induced adaptive behaviour","volume":"481","author":"Pascoli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1260776","article-title":"Addiction therapy. Refining deep brain stimulation to emulate optogenetic treatment of synaptic pathology","volume":"347","author":"Creed","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(97)00021-0","article-title":"A circuitry model of the expression of behavioral sensitization to amphetamine-like psychostimulants","volume":"25","author":"Pierce","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-011624-024031","article-title":"The Incentive-Sensitization Theory of Addiction 30 Years On","volume":"76","author":"Robinson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-019-00442-z","article-title":"Re-examining the role of ventral tegmental area dopaminergic neurons in motor activity and reinforcement by chemogenetic and optogenetic manipulation in mice","volume":"34","author":"Jing","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3263","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-022-06209-2","article-title":"Glutamate inputs from the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus to the ventral tegmental area are essential for the induction of cocaine sensitization in male mice","volume":"239","author":"Puranik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.143","article-title":"Mechanisms of Locomotor Sensitization to Drugs of Abuse in a Two-Injection Protocol","volume":"35","author":"Valjent","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1097\/00008877-200409000-00004","article-title":"Drug-induced neurobehavioral plasticity: the role of environmental context","volume":"15","author":"Badiani","year":"2004","journal-title":"Behav. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2007.05984.x","article-title":"Context-specific sensitization of cocaine-induced locomotor activity and associated neuronal ensembles in rat nucleus accumbens","volume":"27","author":"Mattson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2008.08.006","article-title":"Repeated heroin in rats produces locomotor sensitization and enhances appetitive Pavlovian and instrumental learning involving food reward","volume":"91","author":"Ranaldi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-013-3144-3","article-title":"The effects of amphetamine sensitization on conditioned inhibition during a Pavlovian\u2013instrumental transfer task in rats","volume":"230","author":"Shiflett","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.05.028","article-title":"Delayed, context- and dopamine D1 receptor-dependent activation of ERK in morphine-sensitized mice","volume":"55","author":"Borgkvist","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.13-05-02237.1993","article-title":"G(olf) and Gs in rat basal ganglia: possible involvement of G(olf) in the coupling of dopamine D1 receptor with adenylyl cyclase","volume":"13","author":"Herv\u00e9","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.08.031","article-title":"Cyclic adenosine monophosphate-independent tyrosine phosphorylation of NR2B mediates cocaine-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation","volume":"69","author":"Pascoli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, X., Hiver, A., Python, L., L\u00fcscher, C., Pascoli, V., and Accumbal, O.E. Dopamine Transients Are Sufficient to Drive Locomotor Sensitization and Cross-Sensitization to Cocaine. Preprint at bioRxiv. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.64898\/2026.01.16.699633.","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.01.16.699633"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-025-07001-8","article-title":"Can the incentive-sensitization theory of addiction incorporate addiction to opioid drugs?","author":"Robinson","year":"2026","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol. (Berl.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1972.tb06866.x","article-title":"Time-dose relationships for locomotor activity effects of morphine after acute or repeated treatment","volume":"46","author":"Babbini","year":"1972","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(79)96149-4","article-title":"The effect of morphine applied locally to mesencephalic dopamine cell bodies on spontaneous motor activity in the rat","volume":"14","author":"Joyce","year":"1979","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06995","article-title":"Formation of accumbens GluR2-lacking AMPA receptors mediates incubation of cocaine craving","volume":"454","author":"Conrad","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13257","article-title":"Contrasting forms of cocaine-evoked plasticity control components of relapse","volume":"509","author":"Pascoli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.345","article-title":"Cell-Type Specific Insertion of GluA2-Lacking AMPARs with Cocaine Exposure Leading to Sensitization, Cue-Induced Seeking, and Incubation of Craving","volume":"41","author":"Terrier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1038\/35084134","article-title":"Neuroadaptation. Incubation of cocaine craving after withdrawal","volume":"412","author":"Grimm","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.06.005","article-title":"Conditioned reinforcing properties of stimuli paired with self-administered cocaine, heroin or sucrose: implications for the persistence of addictive behaviour","volume":"47","author":"Di Ciano","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03000316","article-title":"Role of conditioned reinforcers in the initiation, maintenance and extinction of drug-seeking behavior","volume":"11","author":"Davis","year":"1976","journal-title":"Pavlov. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130000566","article-title":"Second-order schedules of drug reinforcement in rats and monkeys: measurement of reinforcing efficacy and drug-seeking behaviour","volume":"153","author":"Everitt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0191-4","article-title":"Dopamine neurons create Pavlovian conditioned stimuli with circuit-defined motivational properties","volume":"21","author":"Saunders","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050150","article-title":"Stress reinstates cocaine-seeking behavior after prolonged extinction and a drug-free period","volume":"128","author":"Erb","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02246300","article-title":"Stress reinstates heroin-seeking in drug-free animals: An effect mimicking heroin, not withdrawal","volume":"119","author":"Shaham","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3565","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.1998.00368.x","article-title":"Drug-induced reinstatement of heroin- and cocaine-seeking behaviour following long-term extinction is associated with expression of behavioural sensitization","volume":"10","author":"De Vries","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib165","unstructured":"American Society of Addiction Medicine. (2011) Public Policy Statement: Definition of Addiction, pp. 1\u20138."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12024","article-title":"Rescuing cocaine-induced prefrontal cortex hypoactivity prevents compulsive cocaine seeking","volume":"496","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1187801","article-title":"Transition to addiction is associated with a persistent impairment in synaptic plasticity","volume":"328","author":"Kasanetz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-022-01429-8","article-title":"Cell-type specific synaptic plasticity in dorsal striatum is associated with punishment-resistance compulsive-like cocaine self-administration in mice","volume":"48","author":"Pascoli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-014-3648-5","article-title":"Differential vulnerability to the punishment of cocaine related behaviours: effects of locus of punishment, cocaine taking history and alternative reinforcer availability","volume":"232","author":"Pelloux","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2505","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2012.111","article-title":"Reduced Forebrain Serotonin Transmission is Causally Involved in the Development of Compulsive Cocaine Seeking in Rats","volume":"37","author":"Pelloux","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2010.00214.x","article-title":"REVIEW: Behavioral evidence for the significance of serotoninergic (5-HT) receptors in cocaine addiction","volume":"15","author":"Filip","year":"2010","journal-title":"Addict. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2012.02214.x","article-title":"Use of intracranial self-stimulation to evaluate abuse-related and abuse-limiting effects of monoamine releasers in rats","volume":"168","author":"Bauer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3053","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.9b00005","article-title":"The SERT Met172 Mouse: An Engineered Model To Elucidate the Contributions of Serotonin Signaling to Cocaine Action","volume":"10","author":"Simmler","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1098975","article-title":"Drug Seeking Becomes Compulsive After Prolonged Cocaine Self-Administration","volume":"305","author":"Vanderschuren","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-020-0289-z","article-title":"The transition to compulsion in addiction","volume":"21","author":"L\u00fcscher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2019.05.023","article-title":"Neurobiology of Opioid Addiction: Opponent Process, Hyperkatifeia, and Negative Reinforcement","volume":"87","author":"Koob","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abf0364","article-title":"Cues conditioned to withdrawal and negative reinforcement: Neglected but key motivational elements driving opioid addiction","volume":"7","author":"Pantazis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1037\/pha0000375","article-title":"Establishing preclinical withdrawal syndrome symptomatology following heroin self-administration in male and female rats","volume":"29","author":"Gipson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-003-1573-0","article-title":"Elevated startle during withdrawal from acute morphine: a model of opiate withdrawal and anxiety","volume":"171","author":"Harris","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3713","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2007.05599.x","article-title":"A test of the opponent-process theory of motivation using lesions that selectively block morphine reward","volume":"25","author":"Vargas-Perez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.09.001","article-title":"Convergence of Reinforcing and Anhedonic Cocaine Effects in the Ventral Pallidum","volume":"92","author":"Creed","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib182","first-page":"119","article-title":"Neural Substrates of Psychostimulant Withdrawal-Induced Anhedonia","volume":"3","author":"D\u2019Souza","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2007.10.007","article-title":"Withdrawal from chronic administration of cocaine decreases delta opioid receptor signaling and increases anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in the rat","volume":"54","author":"Perrine","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1682","article-title":"Cocaine triggered AMPA receptor redistribution is reversed in vivo by mGluR-dependent long-term depression","volume":"9","author":"Bellone","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1142365","article-title":"Rapid Synthesis and Synaptic Insertion of GluR2 for mGluR-LTD in the Ventral Tegmental Area","volume":"317","author":"Mameli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00021-7","article-title":"Drugs of abuse and stress trigger a common synaptic adaptation in dopamine neurons","volume":"37","author":"Saal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1038\/35079077","article-title":"Single cocaine exposure in vivo induces long-term potentiation in dopamine neurons","volume":"411","author":"Ungless","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9092","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1001-08.2008","article-title":"Mechanism and time course of cocaine-induced long-term potentiation in the ventral tegmental area","volume":"28","author":"Argilli","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2012.00072","article-title":"Calcium-permeable AMPA receptors in the VTA and nucleus accumbens after cocaine exposure: when, how, and why?","volume":"5","author":"Wolf","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.05.024","article-title":"Cocaine but not natural reward self-administration nor passive cocaine infusion produces persistent LTP in the VTA","volume":"59","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015870","article-title":"Drug-driven AMPA receptor redistribution mimicked by selective dopamine neuron stimulation","volume":"5","author":"Brown","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1038\/nn757","article-title":"Long-term depression in the nucleus accumbens: a neural correlate of behavioral sensitization to cocaine","volume":"4","author":"Thomas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2685","article-title":"Postsynaptic TRPV1 triggers cell type\u2013specific long-term depression in the nucleus accumbens","volume":"13","author":"Grueter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3996","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17763-8","article-title":"Orbitofrontal-striatal potentiation underlies cocaine-induced hyperactivity","volume":"11","author":"Bariselli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2012.59","article-title":"Prefrontal synaptic markers of cocaine addiction-like behavior in rats","volume":"18","author":"Kasanetz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2016.39","article-title":"Synaptic mechanisms underlying persistent cocaine craving","volume":"17","author":"Wolf","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-061010-113641","article-title":"Modulation of Striatal Projection Systems by Dopamine","volume":"34","author":"Gerfen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2007.03.008","article-title":"D1 and D2 dopamine-receptor modulation of striatal glutamatergic signaling in striatal medium spiny neurons","volume":"30","author":"Surmeier","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1654","article-title":"FACS-array profiling of striatal projection neuron subtypes in juvenile and adult mouse brains","volume":"9","author":"Lobo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-69255-0","article-title":"A single-nucleus transcriptomic atlas of medium spiny neurons in the rat nucleus accumbens","volume":"14","author":"Reiner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsyn.2022.1002960","article-title":"Segregation of D1 and D2 dopamine receptors in the striatal direct and indirect pathways: An historical perspective","volume":"14","author":"Gerfen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Synaptic Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4480","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-12-04480.2000","article-title":"Regulation of Phosphorylation of the GluR1 AMPA Receptor in the Neostriatum by Dopamine and Psychostimulants In Vivo","volume":"20","author":"Snyder","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04993-7","article-title":"Dual action of ketamine confines addiction liability","volume":"608","author":"Simmler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2013.06.013","article-title":"Molecular and cellular mechanisms of dopamine-mediated behavioral plasticity in the striatum","volume":"105","author":"Cerovic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Learn. Mem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1160575","article-title":"Dichotomous dopaminergic control of striatal synaptic plasticity","volume":"321","author":"Shen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7921","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1859-07.2007","article-title":"Cocaine experience controls bidirectional synaptic plasticity in the nucleus accumbens","volume":"27","author":"Kourrich","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1519248113","article-title":"Reversal of morphine-induced cell-type-specific synaptic plasticity in the nucleus accumbens shell blocks reinstatement","volume":"113","author":"Hearing","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2017.12.004","article-title":"Opioid and Psychostimulant Plasticity: Targeting Overlap in Nucleus Accumbens Glutamate Signaling","volume":"39","author":"Hearing","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.02.010","article-title":"From the ventral to the dorsal striatum: devolving views of their roles in drug addiction","volume":"37","author":"Everitt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2007.12.019","article-title":"Cocaine seeking habits depend upon dopamine-dependent serial connectivity linking the ventral with the dorsal striatum","volume":"57","author":"Belin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2012.6","article-title":"Drug intake is sufficient, but conditioning is not necessary for the emergence of compulsive cocaine seeking after extended self-administration","volume":"37","author":"Jonkman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhw398","article-title":"Preference for Cocaine is Represented in the Orbitofrontal Cortex by an Increased Proportion of Cocaine Use-Coding Neurons","volume":"28","author":"Guillem","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.11.017","article-title":"Effects of prior cocaine versus morphine or heroin self-administration on extinction learning driven by overexpectation versus omission of reward","volume":"77","author":"Lucantonio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.08.018","article-title":"Cortico-striatal synaptic plasticity underlying compulsive reward seeking","volume":"90","author":"Harada","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3014","article-title":"The impact of orbitofrontal dysfunction on cocaine addiction","volume":"15","author":"Lucantonio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2966","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.147","article-title":"Thinking Outside the Box: Orbitofrontal Cortex, Imagination, and How We Can Treat Addiction","volume":"41","author":"Schoenbaum","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000698","article-title":"Intense sweetness surpasses cocaine reward","volume":"2","author":"Lenoir","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1094537","article-title":"Stimulation-produced analgesia: development of tolerance and cross-tolerance to morphine","volume":"188","author":"Mayer","year":"1975","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1128134","article-title":"Learning induces long-term potentiation in the hippocampus","volume":"313","author":"Whitlock","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10829","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2246-11.2011","article-title":"Optogenetic interrogation of dopaminergic modulation of the multiple phases of reward-seeking behavior","volume":"31","author":"Adamantidis","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011_bib221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-025-01951-0","article-title":"Social rank modulates methamphetamine-seeking in dominant and subordinate male rodents via distinct dopaminergic pathways","volume":"28","author":"Deng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."}],"container-title":["Neuron"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0896627326004575?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0896627326004575?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T11:38:27Z","timestamp":1786016307000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0896627326004575"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":221,"alternative-id":["S0896627326004575"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["0896-6273"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0896-6273","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Optogenetic mimicry of drug action: Tools and models to dissect the dopamine-dependent core of addiction","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neuron","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.06.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}