{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T19:44:33Z","timestamp":1786218273413,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000882","name":"Brain Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000882","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000324","name":"Gatsby Charitable Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000324","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014989","name":"The Chan Zuckerberg Initiative","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014989","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003493","name":"Hertie Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003493","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"H2020 European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"US Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000890","name":"National Multiple Sclerosis Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000890","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000874","name":"Brain & Behavior Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000874","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuron"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T15:06:17Z","timestamp":1786115177000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Temporal changes in metabolism guide oligodendrocyte precursor cell dynamics in aging and multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"Tess","family":"Dierckx","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Buchanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Themistoklis M.","family":"Tsarouchas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhsiang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Sacconi","family":"Nunez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Strickland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dena","family":"Kumsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yohan S.S.","family":"Auguste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Vanherle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sander","family":"Bouwman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Rojo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louisa","family":"Dal Cengio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celia","family":"Lerma-Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yassene","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"Schirmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeroen F.J.","family":"Bogie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart J.L.","family":"Eggen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9749-3814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin M.","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2451","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-07-02451.2002","article-title":"The age-related decrease in CNS remyelination efficiency is attributable to an impairment of both oligodendrocyte progenitor recruitment and differentiation","volume":"22","author":"Sim","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000622","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis: clinical aspects","volume":"31","author":"Oh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.2592","article-title":"Transcriptional and Cell Cycle Alterations Mark Aging of Primary Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells","volume":"35","author":"Shan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cells (Dayt. Ohio)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24956-2","article-title":"Impact of aging and exercise on skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity, energy metabolism, and physical function","volume":"12","author":"Grevendonk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/npjamd.2016.17","article-title":"It takes two to tango: NAD+ and sirtuins in aging\/longevity control","volume":"2","author":"Imai","year":"2016","journal-title":"NPJ Aging Mech. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-00964-6","article-title":"Lipid metabolism dysfunction induced by age-dependent DNA methylation accelerates aging","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib7","article-title":"Evaluation of organ glucose metabolism by 18F-FDG accumulation with insulin loading in aged mice compared with young normal mice","volume":"11","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI90328","article-title":"The aging clock: circadian rhythms and later life","volume":"127","author":"Hood","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.03.113","article-title":"Impact of aging on diurnal expression patterns of CLOCK and BMAL1 in the mouse brain","volume":"1337","author":"Wyse","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-023-05102-8","article-title":"Age-related changes in circadian regulation of the human plasma lipidome","volume":"6","author":"Rahman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib11","article-title":"A glial circadian gene expression atlas reveals cell type and disease-specific reprogramming in response to amyloid pathology or aging","author":"Sheehan","year":"2024","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1508249112","article-title":"Effects of aging on circadian patterns of gene expression in the human prefrontal cortex","volume":"113","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111982","article-title":"Defining the age-dependent and tissue-specific circadian transcriptome in male mice","volume":"42","author":"Wolff","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2023.08.002","article-title":"BMAL1 loss in oligodendroglia contributes to abnormal myelination and sleep","volume":"111","author":"Rojo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0110-22.2022","article-title":"Endogenous Circadian Clock Machinery in Cortical NG2-Glia Regulates Cellular Proliferation","volume":"9","author":"Dean","year":"2022","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027628","article-title":"Differential Proliferation Rhythm of Neural Progenitor and Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells in the Young Adult Hippocampus","volume":"6","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14288","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5102-12.2013","article-title":"Effects of Sleep and Wake on Oligodendrocytes and Their Precursors","volume":"33","author":"Bellesi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib18","first-page":"76","article-title":"Circadian clocks: Neural and peripheral pacemakers that impact upon the cell division cycle","volume":"574","author":"Reddy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20479-4","article-title":"Rhythmic glucose metabolism regulates the redox circadian clockwork in human red blood cells","volume":"12","author":"Ch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-023-00826-7","article-title":"Daytime-restricted feeding enhances running endurance without prior exercise in mice","volume":"5","author":"Xin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5541","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1118726109","article-title":"Coordination of the transcriptome and metabolome by the circadian clock","volume":"109","author":"Eckel-Mahan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1243417","article-title":"Circadian clock NAD+ cycle drives mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in mice","volume":"342","author":"Peek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(97)00493-9","article-title":"Circadian control of insulin secretion is independent of the temporal distribution of feeding","volume":"63","author":"Kalsbeek","year":"1998","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib24","article-title":"The role of the SIRT1-BMAL1 pathway in regulating oxidative stress in the early development of ischaemic stroke","volume":"14","author":"Shi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.05.027","article-title":"SIRT1 Mediates Central Circadian Control in the SCN by a Mechanism that Decays with Aging","volume":"153","author":"Chang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgg.2014.04.001","article-title":"Diurnal regulation of lipid metabolism and applications of circadian lipidomics","volume":"41","author":"Gooley","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Genet. Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665116000288","article-title":"Circadian regulation of lipid metabolism","volume":"75","author":"Gooley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1081\/CBI-200026958","article-title":"Circadian rhythm of glucose uptake in cultures of skeletal muscle cells and adipocytes in Wistar-Kyoto, Wistar, Goto-Kakizaki, and spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"21","author":"Feneberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chronobiol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2016.12","article-title":"A role for circadian clock in metabolic disease","volume":"39","author":"Shimizu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hypertens. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-018-0089-y","article-title":"Muscle circadian clock regulates lipid storage","volume":"14","author":"Leong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.08.006","article-title":"Hepatic Bmal1 Regulates Rhythmic Mitochondrial Dynamics and Promotes Metabolic Fitness","volume":"22","author":"Jacobi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2005886","article-title":"Transcriptional programming of lipid and amino acid metabolism by the skeletal muscle circadian clock","volume":"16","author":"Dyar","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.61.4.525","article-title":"The Relationship of Sleep Disturbances and Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"61","author":"Attarian","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.12.002","article-title":"Diurnal rhythms are altered in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis","volume":"243","author":"Buenafe","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190601","article-title":"Association of circadian rhythm genes ARNTL\/BMAL1 and CLOCK with multiple sclerosis","volume":"13","author":"Lavtar","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)00205-1","article-title":"Mop3 is an essential component of the master circadian pacemaker in mammals","volume":"103","author":"Bunger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000052","article-title":"Network features of the mammalian circadian clock","volume":"7","author":"Baggs","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib38","article-title":"Transcriptional profiles of murine oligodendrocyte precursor cells across the lifespan","author":"Heo","year":"2024","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08350-8","article-title":"Brain-wide cell-type-specific transcriptomic signatures of healthy ageing in mice","volume":"638","author":"Jin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200205240-00001","article-title":"Ageing and CNS remyelination","volume":"13","author":"Franklin","year":"2002","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2019.08.015","article-title":"Metformin Restores CNS Remyelination Capacity by Rejuvenating Aged Stem Cells","volume":"25","author":"Neumann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.03.012","article-title":"The molecular clockwork of mammalian cells","volume":"126","author":"Yi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.12.020","article-title":"Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells Become Regionally Diverse and Heterogeneous with Age","volume":"101","author":"Spitzer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0491-3","article-title":"Single-cell transcriptomic profiling of the aging mouse brain","volume":"22","author":"Ximerakis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23777","article-title":"Developmental trajectory of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in the human brain revealed by single cell RNA sequencing","volume":"68","author":"Perlman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib46","article-title":"Divergent patterns of healthy aging across human brain regions at single-cell resolution reveal links to neurodegenerative disease","author":"Duffy","year":"2026","journal-title":"NPJ Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib47","article-title":"C4b Binding Protein Acts as an Innate Immune Effector Against Influenza A Virus","volume":"11","author":"Varghese","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-35303-4","article-title":"Nr6a1 controls Hox expression dynamics and is a master regulator of vertebrate trunk development","volume":"13","author":"Chang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.24404","article-title":"Vertebrate Claudin\/PMP22\/EMP22\/MP20 family protein TMEM47 regulates epithelial cell junction maturation and morphogenesis","volume":"245","author":"Dong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dev. Dyn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-021-00483-8","article-title":"The metabolic roots of senescence: mechanisms and opportunities for intervention","volume":"3","author":"Wiley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2022.102838","article-title":"Regulation and function of the mammalian tricarboxylic acid cycle","volume":"299","author":"Arnold","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2023.09.019","article-title":"Mitochondria pleiotropism in stem cell senescence: Mechanisms and therapeutic approaches","volume":"208","author":"Mas-Bargues","year":"2023","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib56","first-page":"202","article-title":"4E-BP1 counteracts human mesenchymal stem cell senescence via maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis","volume":"14","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"Protein Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-022-00180-6","article-title":"Interleukin-13 promotes cellular senescence through inducing mitochondrial dysfunction in IgG4-related sialadenitis","volume":"14","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-020-01990-9","article-title":"A multidimensional systems biology analysis of cellular senescence in aging and disease","volume":"21","author":"Avelar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mocell.2024.100113","article-title":"The role of p21 in cellular senescence and aging-related diseases","volume":"47","author":"Yan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04440-9","article-title":"SIRT1 activation promotes energy homeostasis and reprograms liver cancer metabolism","volume":"21","author":"Varghese","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.110155","article-title":"SIRT2 regulates mitochondrial dynamics and reprogramming via MEK1-ERK-DRP1 and AKT1-DRP1 axes","volume":"37","author":"Cha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00657","article-title":"Metformin Is a Direct SIRT1-Activating Compound: Computational Modeling and Experimental Validation","volume":"9","author":"Cuy\u00e0s","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.4161\/15548627.2014.984271","article-title":"Metformin alleviates hepatosteatosis by restoring SIRT1-mediated autophagy induction via an AMP-activated protein kinase-independent pathway","volume":"11","author":"Song","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2024.104750","article-title":"Metformin activates SIRT2 to improve insulin resistance and promote granulosa cell glycolysis in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"50","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2480","article-title":"Remyelination in the CNS: from biology to therapy","volume":"9","author":"Franklin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0849-14.2015","article-title":"Demyelination causes adult CNS progenitors to revert to an immature state and express immune cues that support their migration","volume":"35","author":"Moyon","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-199630050-00003","article-title":"Clinical pharmacokinetics of metformin","volume":"30","author":"Scheen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2022.102342","article-title":"Metformin modulates mitochondrial function and mitophagy in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from type 2 diabetic patients","volume":"53","author":"de Mara\u00f1\u00f3n","year":"2022","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.930308","article-title":"Therapeutic vs. Suprapharmacological Metformin Concentrations: Different Effects on Energy Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function in Skeletal Muscle Cells in vitro","volume":"13","author":"Pavlovic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1038\/259695a0","article-title":"Magnitude and significance of NAD turnover in human cell line D98\/AH2","volume":"259","author":"Rechsteiner","year":"1976","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-18147-2","article-title":"Nicotinamide mononucleotide ameliorates adriamycin-induced renal damage by epigenetically suppressing the NMN\/NAD consumers mediated by Twist2","volume":"12","author":"Hasegawa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2023.102745","article-title":"\u03b2-Nicotinamide mononucleotide activates NAD+\/SIRT1 pathway and attenuates inflammatory and oxidative responses in the hippocampus regions of septic mice","volume":"63","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2014.04.002","article-title":"NAD+ and sirtuins in aging and disease","volume":"24","author":"Imai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1569-2","article-title":"Nicotinamide mononucleotide promotes osteogenesis and reduces adipogenesis by regulating mesenchymal stromal cells via the SIRT1 pathway in aged bone marrow","volume":"10","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9030","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1818348116","article-title":"Cellular senescence in progenitor cells contributes to diminished remyelination potential in progressive multiple sclerosis","volume":"116","author":"Nicaise","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-024-02733-x","article-title":"Physiological aging and inflammation-induced cellular senescence may contribute to oligodendroglial dysfunction in MS","volume":"147","author":"Windener","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241612912","article-title":"Alterations of Oligodendrocyte and Myelin Energy Metabolism in Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"24","author":"L\u00f3pez-Muguruza","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012323","article-title":"Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: New Insights","volume":"97","author":"Cree","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2354","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-024-01796-z","article-title":"Cell type mapping reveals tissue niches and interactions in subcortical multiple sclerosis lesions","volume":"27","author":"Lerma-Martin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.112293","article-title":"Transcriptomic atlas and interaction networks of brain cells in mouse CNS demyelination and remyelination","volume":"42","author":"Hou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2341","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-024-01765-6","article-title":"Spatially resolved gene signatures of white matter lesion progression in multiple sclerosis","volume":"27","author":"Alsema","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.1.105","article-title":"Oligodendrocyte survival, loss and birth in lesions of chronic-stage multiple sclerosis","volume":"123","author":"Wolswijk","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09421-x","article-title":"Promoting remyelination in multiple sclerosis","volume":"268","author":"Cunniffe","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2014.12.016","article-title":"Metabolism and functions of lipids in myelin","volume":"1851","author":"Schmitt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4698","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4077-15.2016","article-title":"Oligodendrogliopathy in Multiple Sclerosis: Low Glycolytic Metabolic Rate Promotes Oligodendrocyte Survival","volume":"36","author":"Rone","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30409","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R200006200","article-title":"The Key Role of Anaplerosis and Cataplerosis for Citric Acid Cycle Function","volume":"277","author":"Owen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2005.09.008","article-title":"ATP citrate lyase inhibition can suppress tumor cell growth","volume":"8","author":"Hatzivassiliou","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.09.069","article-title":"ATP-Citrate Lyase Controls a Glucose-to-Acetate Metabolic Switch","volume":"17","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04475-w","article-title":"A non-canonical tricarboxylic acid cycle underlies cellular identity","volume":"603","author":"Arnold","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhu281","article-title":"Neuronal Progenitor Maintenance Requires Lactate Metabolism and PEPCK-M-Directed Cataplerosis","volume":"26","author":"\u00c1lvarez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.01.011","article-title":"Circadian Control of DRP1 Activity Regulates Mitochondrial Dynamics and Bioenergetics","volume":"27","author":"Schmitt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1673","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1519650113","article-title":"Circadian control of oscillations in mitochondrial rate-limiting enzymes and nutrient utilization by PERIOD proteins","volume":"113","author":"Neufeld-Cohen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbabio.2016.03.035","article-title":"Clock-genes and mitochondrial respiratory activity: Evidence of a reciprocal interplay","volume":"1857","author":"Scrima","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01257-8","article-title":"The sirtuin family in health and disease","volume":"7","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20070140","article-title":"Sirtuins in mammals: insights into their biological function","volume":"404","author":"Michan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.05.023","article-title":"NAD+ Metabolism and the Control of Energy Homeostasis: A Balancing Act between Mitochondria and the Nucleus","volume":"22","author":"Cant\u00f3","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-008-9041-4","article-title":"The NAD World: A New Systemic Regulatory Network for Metabolism and Aging\u2014Sirt1, Systemic NAD Biosynthesis, and Their Importance","volume":"53","author":"Imai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbapap.2009.10.024","article-title":"\u201cClocks\u201d in the NAD World: NAD as a metabolic oscillator for the regulation of metabolism and aging","volume":"1804","author":"Imai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2011.04.060","article-title":"Dissecting systemic control of metabolism and aging in the NAD World: The importance of SIRT1 and NAMPT-mediated NAD biosynthesis","volume":"585","author":"Imai","year":"2011","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2570","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.13.19.2570","article-title":"The SIR2\/3\/4 complex and SIR2 alone promote longevity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by two different mechanisms","volume":"13","author":"Kaeberlein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80493-6","article-title":"Extrachromosomal rDNA Circles\u2014A Cause of Aging in Yeast","volume":"91","author":"Sinclair","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32462-2","article-title":"Sirt2 promotes white matter oligodendrogenesis during development and in models of neonatal hypoxia","volume":"13","author":"Jablonska","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1093\/jmcb\/mjr009","article-title":"Sirt2 is a novel in vivo downstream target of Nkx2.2 and enhances oligodendroglial cell differentiation","volume":"3","author":"Ji","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2021.08.011","article-title":"Oligodendrocytes enhance axonal energy metabolism by deacetylation of mitochondrial proteins through transcellular delivery of SIRT2","volume":"109","author":"Chamberlain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1007\/s13105-024-01042-x","article-title":"Palmitic acid causes hepatocyte inflammation by suppressing the BMAL1-NAD+-SIRT2 axis","volume":"80","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a041359","article-title":"Oligodendrocytes: Myelination, Plasticity, and Axonal Support","volume":"16","author":"Simons","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib104","article-title":"Restoring nuclear entry of Sirtuin 2 in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells promotes remyelination during ageing","volume":"13","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2337","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M700277-MCP200","article-title":"Transketolase and 2\u2032,3\u2032-Cyclic-nucleotide 3\u2032-Phosphodiesterase Type I Isoforms Are Specifically Recognized by IgG Autoantibodies in Multiple Sclerosis Patients","volume":"7","author":"Lovato","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Proteomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adu2896","article-title":"Myelin is repaired by constitutive differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitors","volume":"391","author":"Mironova","year":"2026","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2017.07.005","article-title":"PER3 VNTR polymorphism in Multiple Sclerosis: A new insight to impact of sleep disturbances in MS","volume":"17","author":"Golalipour","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2022-330123","article-title":"Insufficient sleep during adolescence and risk of multiple sclerosis: results from a Swedish case-control study","volume":"94","author":"\u00c5kerstedt","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2018-320189","article-title":"Latitude continues to be significantly associated with the revalence of multiple sclerosis: an updated meta-analysis","volume":"90","author":"Simpson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000110293","article-title":"The Geographic Distribution of Multiple Sclerosis: A Review","volume":"12","author":"Ebers","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000316802.35974.34","article-title":"Temporal trends in the incidence of multiple sclerosis: A systematic review","volume":"71","author":"Alonso","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458514563592","article-title":"Shift work influences multiple sclerosis risk","volume":"21","author":"Hedstr\u00f6m","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2024.08.002","article-title":"Patient iPSC models reveal glia-intrinsic phenotypes in multiple sclerosis","volume":"31","author":"Clayton","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.2273","article-title":"Maturation and electrophysiological properties of human pluripotent stem cell-derived oligodendrocytes","volume":"34","author":"Livesey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cells (Dayt. Ohio)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2025.08.011","article-title":"The lncRNA MYRACL regulates human oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination","volume":"33","author":"Tsarouchas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1177\/07487304211054408","article-title":"Nitecap: An Exploratory Circadian Analysis Web Application","volume":"37","author":"Brooks","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Biol. Rhythms"}],"container-title":["Neuron"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0896627326005702?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0896627326005702?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T19:35:57Z","timestamp":1786217757000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0896627326005702"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":116,"alternative-id":["S0896627326005702"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015","relation":{},"ISSN":["0896-6273"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0896-6273","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Temporal changes in metabolism guide oligodendrocyte precursor cell dynamics in aging and multiple sclerosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neuron","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2026.07.015","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}