{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T16:27:03Z","timestamp":1792081623716,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,1]],"date-time":"2004-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1078099200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuropharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2003.09.023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,12]],"date-time":"2003-12-12T16:09:12Z","timestamp":1071245352000},"page":"379-387","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Detection of cannabinoid agonist evoked increase in BOLD contrast in rats using functional magnetic resonance imaging"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Y.B","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.J.W","family":"Prior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.L","family":"Dixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.G","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.A","family":"Marsden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2003.09.023_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1996.tb02264.x","article-title":"Cannabis: pharmacology and toxicology in animals and humans","volume":"91","author":"Adams","year":"1996","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2003.09.023_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(96)00475-3","article-title":"Cannabinoid-induced alterations in regional cerebral blood flow in the rat","volume":"57","author":"Bloom","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2003.09.023_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199701000-00009","article-title":"A model for the coupling between cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism during neural stimulation","volume":"17","author":"Buxton","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood. Flow Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2003.09.023_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130000481","article-title":"Cannabinoid receptors and reward in the rat: a conditioned place preference study","volume":"151","author":"Cheer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2003.09.023_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3908(03)00029-7","article-title":"Differential cannabinoid-induced electrophysiological effects in rat ventral tegmentum","volume":"44","author":"Cheer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2003.09.023_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(93)90298-2","article-title":"Ventral tegmental microinjection of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol enhances ventral tegmental somatodendritic dopamine levels but not forebrain dopamine levels: evidence for local neural action by marijuana\u2019s psychoactive ingredient","volume":"621","author":"Chen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2003.09.023_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910380306","article-title":"Detection of dopaminergic neurotransmitter activity using pharmacologic MRI: correlation with PET, microdialysis, and behavioral data","volume":"38","author":"Chen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2003.09.023_BIB8","first-page":"586","article-title":"In vivo characterization of a specific cannabinoid receptor antagonist (SR141716A): inhibition of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol-induced responses and apparent agonist activity","volume":"277","author":"Compton","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2003.09.023_BIB9","first-page":"151","article-title":"Cannabinoid pharmacology","volume":"38","author":"Dewey","year":"1986","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2003.09.023_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2825","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1998.00292.x","article-title":"Increase in meso-prefrontal dopaminergic activity after stimulation of CB1 receptors by cannabinoids","volume":"10","author":"Diana","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2003.09.023_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)62143-3","article-title":"Pain modulation: expectation, opioid analgesia and virtual pain","volume":"122","author":"Fields","year":"2000","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2003.09.023_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9861(20000710)422:4<556::AID-CNE6>3.0.CO;2-U","article-title":"Orbitomedial prefrontal cortical projections to distinct longitudinal columns of the periaqueductal gray in the rat","volume":"422","author":"Floyd","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2003.09.023_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.10089","article-title":"Dose-dependent effects of Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol on rates of local cerebral glucose utilization in rat","volume":"45","author":"Freedland","year":"2002","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2003.09.023_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199702100-00014","article-title":"Cannabinoids excite dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmentum and substantia nigra","volume":"8","author":"French","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuroreport."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2003.09.023_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(97)00278-4","article-title":"delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol excites rat VTA dopamine neurons through activation of cannabinoid CB1 but not opioid receptors","volume":"226","author":"French","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2003.09.023_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.460020402","article-title":"Human brain mapping 1:214-220 [SPM_3] statistical parametric maps in functional imaging: A general linear approach","volume":"2","author":"Friston","year":"1995","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2003.09.023_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(91)90365-9","article-title":"Marijuana\u2019s interaction with brain reward systems: update 1991","volume":"40","author":"Gardner","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2003.09.023_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1998.70010417.x","article-title":"Imaging the brain marijuana receptor: development of a radioligand that binds to cannabinoid CB1 receptors in vivo","volume":"70","author":"Gatley","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2003.09.023_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(99)00402-1","article-title":"Evaluation of the cannabinoid CB2 receptor-selective antagonist, SR144528: Further evidence for cannabinoid CB2 receptor absence in the rat central nervous system","volume":"377","author":"Griffin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol. Jul 14"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2003.09.023_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2002.02192.x","article-title":"The effects of genetic and pharmacological blockade of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor on anxiety","volume":"16","author":"Haller","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2003.09.023_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910030602","article-title":"RARE imaging: a fast imaging method for clinical MR","volume":"3","author":"Hennig","year":"1986","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2003.09.023_BIB21","first-page":"1030","article-title":"Cannabinoid-induced hypotension and bradycardia in rats mediated by CB1-like cannabinoid receptors","volume":"281","author":"Lake","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2003.09.023_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(96)00121-9","article-title":"The selective cannabinoid antagonist SR 141716A blocks cannabinoid-induced antinociception in rats","volume":"57","author":"Lichtman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2003.09.023_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02246292","article-title":"Systemic or intrahippocampal cannabinoid administration impairs spatial memory in rats","volume":"119","author":"Lichtman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2003.09.023_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-7258(02)00254-1","article-title":"Study of cannabinoid dependence in animals","author":"Maldonado","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther. Aug 95"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2003.09.023_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1999.0520","article-title":"Cocaine activation discriminates dopaminergic projections by temporal response: an fMRI study in rat","volume":"11","author":"Marota","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuroimage."},{"issue":"23\u201324","key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2003.09.023_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(95)00195-C","article-title":"An examination of the central sites of action of cannabinoid-induced antinociception in the rat","volume":"56","author":"Martin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2003.09.023_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6601","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-20-06601.1996","article-title":"Suppression of noxious stimulus-evoked activity in the ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus by a cannabinoid agonist: correlation between electrophysiological and antinociceptive effects","volume":"16","author":"Martin","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2003.09.023_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(98)00044-5","article-title":"Cannabinoid receptor-mediated inhibition of the rat tail-flick reflex after microinjection into the rostral ventromedial medulla","volume":"242","author":"Martin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2003.09.023_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(98)01368-7","article-title":"Anatomical basis for cannabinoid-induced antinociception as revealed by intracerebral microinjections","volume":"822","author":"Martin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2003.09.023_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5951","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.13.5951","article-title":"Intrinsic signal changes accompanying sensory stimulation: functional brain mapping with magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"89","author":"Ogawa","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2003.09.023_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(94)00133-D","article-title":"Characterization of the hypothermic effect of the synthetic cannabinoid HU210 in the rat. Relation to the adrenergic system and endogenous pyrogens","volume":"34","author":"Ovadia","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2003.09.023_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3908(00)00160-X","article-title":"Metabotropic and NMDA glutamate receptors participate in the cannabinoid-induced antinociception","volume":"40","author":"Palazzo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2003.09.023_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(99)00064-0","article-title":"Metabolic mapping of the effects of WIN 55212-2 intravenous administration in the rat","volume":"21","author":"Pontieri","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2003.09.023_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(94)00773-X","article-title":"SR141716A, a potent and selective antagonist of the brain cannabinoid receptor","volume":"350","author":"Rinaldi-Carmona","year":"1994","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2003.09.023_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1977.tb03919.x","article-title":"Relation between physiological function and energy metabolism in the central nervous system","volume":"29","author":"Sokoloff","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"5321","key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2003.09.023_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2048","DOI":"10.1126\/science.276.5321.2048","article-title":"Cannabinoid and heroin activation of mesolimbic dopamine transmission by a common mu1 opioid receptor mechanism","volume":"276","author":"Tanda","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2003.09.023_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(96)83015-6","article-title":"Suppression of noxious stimulus-evoked expression of Fos protein-like immunoreactivity in rat spinal cord by a selective cannabinoid agonist","volume":"70","author":"Tsou","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2003.09.023_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(97)00436-3","article-title":"Immunohistochemical distribution of cannabinoid CB1 receptors in the rat central nervous system","volume":"83","author":"Tsou","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2003.09.023_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-4927(91)90030-T","article-title":"Cerebellar metabolic activation by delta-9-tetrahydro-cannabinol in human brain: a study with positron emission tomography and 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose","volume":"40","author":"Volkow","year":"1991","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2003.09.023_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(01)01112-8","article-title":"Hemodynamic effects of cannabinoids: coronary and cerebral vasodilation mediated by cannabinoid CB(1) receptors","volume":"423","author":"Wagner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2003.09.023_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-002-1001-x","article-title":"Metabolic mapping of the time-dependent effects of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol administration in the rat","volume":"161","author":"Whitlow","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl.)"}],"container-title":["Neuropharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0028390803003770?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0028390803003770?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,28]],"date-time":"2020-03-28T02:22:22Z","timestamp":1585362142000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0028390803003770"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0028390803003770"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2003.09.023","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-3908"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-3908","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]}}}