{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T12:05:51Z","timestamp":1790424351743,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,1]],"date-time":"2004-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1086048000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuropharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,19]],"date-time":"2004-04-19T07:26:56Z","timestamp":1082359616000},"page":"1130-1140","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":103,"title":["Prevention of MPTP (N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) dopaminergic neurotoxicity in mice by chronic lithium: involvements of Bcl-2 and Bax"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Zaher","family":"Arraf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moussa B.H","family":"Youdim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB1","first-page":"1085","article-title":"The effect of chlorpromazine and Li2CO3 on the superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities of rat brain, liver and erythrocytes","volume":"34","author":"Abdalla","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(02)00332-4","article-title":"An anti-Parkinson\u2019s disease drug,N-propargyl-1(R)-aminoindan (rasagiline), enhances expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 in human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells","volume":"326","author":"Akao","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2002.01047.x","article-title":"Mitochondrial permeability transition mediates apoptosis induced by N-methyl(R)salsolinol, an endogenous neurotoxin, and is inhibited by Bcl-2 and rasagiline, N-propargyl-1(R)-aminoindan","volume":"82","author":"Akao","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.47.1.47","article-title":"How does lithium work on manic depression? Clinical and psychological correlates of the inositol theory","volume":"47","author":"Belmaker","year":"1996","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1991.tb06432.x","article-title":"Intranigral iron injection induces behavioral and biochemical \u201cparkinsonism\u201d in rats","volume":"57","author":"Ben-Shachar","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(01)00744-4","article-title":"Analysis of gene expression with cDNA microarrays in rat brain after 7 and 42 days of oral lithium administration","volume":"57","author":"Bosetti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3","article-title":"A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding","volume":"72","author":"Bradford","year":"1976","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(00)00643-3","article-title":"Enhancing effect of rasagiline on superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the dopaminergic system in the rat","volume":"67","author":"Carrillo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8745","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.15.8745","article-title":"Lithium activates the serine\/threonine kinase Akt-1 and suppresses glutamate-induced inhibition of Akt-1 activity in neurons","volume":"96","author":"Chalecka-Franaszek","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1999.720879.x","article-title":"The mood-stabilizing agents lithium and valproate robustly increase the levels of the neuroprotective protein bcl-2 in the CNS","volume":"72","author":"Chen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6039","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.10.6039","article-title":"Long term lithium treatment suppresses p53 and Bax expression but increases Bcl-2 expression. A prominent role in neuroprotection against excitotoxicity","volume":"274","author":"Chen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-5618.2002.01179.x","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of lithium in cultured cells and animal models of diseases","volume":"4","author":"Chuang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3908(02)00215-0","article-title":"Regulation of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta phosphorylation by sodium valproate and lithium","volume":"43","author":"De Sarno","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-0102(99)00120-0","article-title":"Lithium plus pilocarpine induced status epilepticus\u2014biochemical changes","volume":"36","author":"Erakovic","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB15","first-page":"495","article-title":"Pharmacology of rasagiline (N-propargyl-1R-aminoindan)","volume":"80","author":"Finberg","year":"1999","journal-title":"Adv. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60353a031","article-title":"Determination of lethium in microliter samples of blood serum using flame atomic emission spectrometry with a tantalum filament vaporizer","volume":"47","author":"Grime","year":"1975","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2001.00397.x","article-title":"Gene expression analysis in MPTP mice model of Parkinson\u2019s disease using cDNA microarray","volume":"78","author":"Grunblatt","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2001.t01-1-00227.x","article-title":"Effects of R-apomorphine and S-apomorphine on MPTP-induced nigro-striatal doamine neuronal loss","volume":"77","author":"Grunblatt","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3908(02)00217-4","article-title":"Lithium induces brain-derived neurotrophic factor and activates TrkB in rodent cortical neurons: an essential step for neuroprotection against glutamate excitotoxicity","volume":"43","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(03)00167-4","article-title":"Lithium-induced inhibition of Src tyrosine kinase in rat cerebral cortical neurons: a role in neuroprotection against N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated excitotoxicity","volume":"538","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2003","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(85)90168-2","article-title":"Prevention of MPTP-induced neurotoxicity by AGN-1133 and AGN-1135, selective inhibitors of monoamine oxidase-B","volume":"116","author":"Heikkila","year":"1985","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-5618.2002.01162.x","article-title":"Evaluation of neuroprotection by lithium and valproic acid against ouabain-induced cell damage","volume":"4","author":"Hennion","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01985652","article-title":"A sensitive and inexpensive high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for tyrosine hydroxylase","volume":"37","author":"Kato","year":"1981","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(76)90290-3","article-title":"Liquid chromatographic analysis of catecholamines routine assay for regional brain mapping","volume":"19","author":"Keller","year":"1976","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(01)03005-0","article-title":"Caspase-3 activation induced by inhibition of mitochondrial complex I is facilitated by glycogen synthase kinase-3beta and attenuated by lithium","volume":"919","author":"King","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020989812576","article-title":"Early and late gene changes in MPTP mice model of Parkinson\u2019s disease employing cDNA microarray","volume":"27","author":"Mandel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200317100-00004","article-title":"Neuroprotective strategies in Parkinson\u2019s disease: An update on progress","volume":"17","author":"Mandel","year":"2003","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S46","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001018","article-title":"PKC, MAP kinases and the bcl-2 family of proteins as long-term targets for mood stabilizers","volume":"7","author":"Manji","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00165-1","article-title":"Lithium at 50: have the neuroprotective effects of this unique cation been overlooked?","volume":"46","author":"Manji","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s107","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.178.41.s107","article-title":"Bipolar disorder: leads from the molecular and cellular mechanisms of action of mood stabilizers","volume":"41","author":"Manji","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2001.00448.x","article-title":"Transfection-enforced Bcl-2 overexpression and an anti-Parkinson drug, rasagiline, prevent nuclear accumulation of glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase induced by an endogenous dopaminergic neurotoxin, N-methyl(R)salsolinol","volume":"78","author":"Maruyama","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s007020200038","article-title":"The anti-parkinson drug, rasagiline, prevents apoptotic DNA damage induced by peroxynitrite in human dopaminergic neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells","volume":"109","author":"Maruyama","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-0362(02)00221-0","article-title":"Neuroprotection by propargylamines in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Suppression of apoptosis and induction of prosurvival genes","volume":"24","author":"Maruyama","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199806220-00031","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of chronic lithium on focal cerebral ischemia in rats","volume":"9","author":"Nonaka","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2642","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.5.2642","article-title":"Chronic lithium treatment robustly protects neurons in the central nervous system against excitotoxicity by inhibiting N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated calcium influx","volume":"95","author":"Nonaka","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5789","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.10.5789","article-title":"Transgenic mice expressing human Bcl-2 in their neurons are resistant to 6-hydroxydopamine and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine neurotoxicity","volume":"95","author":"Offen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4565","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.10.4565","article-title":"Role of neuronal nitric oxide in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity","volume":"93","author":"Przedborski","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB38","first-page":"135","article-title":"The parkinsonian toxin MPTP: action and mechanism","volume":"16","author":"Przedborski","year":"2000","journal-title":"Restor. Neurol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5846(01)00154-3","article-title":"The mechanism of lithium action: state of the art, ten years later","volume":"25","author":"Shaldubina","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4547(20010301)63:5<402::AID-JNR1035>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"Nerve growth factor prevents 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine-induced cell death via the Akt pathway by suppressing caspase-3-like activity using PC12 cells: relevance to therapeutical application for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"63","author":"Shimoke","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1007\/s007020050182","article-title":"Studies with rasagiline, a MAO-B inhibitor, in experimental focal ischemia in the rat","volume":"106","author":"Speiser","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB42","first-page":"45","article-title":"(\u2212)-Deprenyl reduces neuronal apoptosis and facilitates neuronal outgrowth by altering protein synthesis without inhibiting monoamine oxidase","volume":"48","author":"Tatton","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm. Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.10318","article-title":"Long-term lithium treatment prevents neurotoxic effects of beta- bungarotoxin in primary cultured neurons","volume":"69","author":"Tseng","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB44","first-page":"671","article-title":"Chronic lithium treatment inhibits basal and agonist-stimulated responses in rat cerebral cortex and GH3 pituitary cells","volume":"42","author":"Varney","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2837","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.051633998","article-title":"Bax ablation prevents dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the 1-methyl- 4- phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine mouse model of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"98","author":"Vila","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.02-0712fje","article-title":"cDNA gene expression profile homology of antioxidants and their antiapoptotic and proapoptotic activities in human neuroblastoma cells","volume":"17","author":"Weinreb","year":"2003","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB47","first-page":"3","article-title":"Chronic treatment with a low dose of lithium protects the brain against schemic injury by reducing apoptotic death","volume":"3","author":"Xu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8145","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-20-08145.1998","article-title":"1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyride neurotoxicity is attenuated in mice overexpressing Bcl-2","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1586\/14737175.3.6.737","article-title":"Rasagiline; an anti-Parkinson drug with neuroprotective activity","volume":"3","author":"Youdim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Neurother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB50","unstructured":"Youdim, M.B.H., 2003b. Submitted for publication."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB51","unstructured":"Youdim, M.B.H., 2004. In preparation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353-8020(01)00011-6","article-title":"Rat striatal monoamine oxidases inhibition by I-deprenyl and rasagiline: its relationship to 2-phenylethylaminenduced stereotypy and Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"8","author":"Youdim","year":"2002","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703826","article-title":"Rasagiline [N-propargyl-1R(+)-aminoindant], a selective and potent inhibitor of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase B","volume":"132","author":"Youdim","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03656.x","article-title":"The anti-Parkinson drug rasagiline and its cholinesterase inhibitor derivatives exert neuroprotection unrelated to MAO inhibition in cell culture and in vivo","volume":"939","author":"Youdim","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. NY Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-328X(98)00114-4","article-title":"Lithium stimulates gene expression through the AP-1 transcription factor pathway","volume":"58","author":"Yuan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005_BIB56","first-page":"77","article-title":"Study on inhibition and prevention of tumor and antioxidative effects of lithium carbonate in tumor bearing mice","volume":"27","author":"Zhang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Wei Sheng Yan Jiu"}],"container-title":["Neuropharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0028390804000437?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0028390804000437?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]],"date-time":"2020-06-23T23:13:30Z","timestamp":1592954010000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0028390804000437"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0028390804000437"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.02.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-3908"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-3908","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]}}}