{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T10:54:59Z","timestamp":1788432899929,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,1]],"date-time":"2008-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1222819200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuropharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,28]],"date-time":"2008-06-28T08:42:01Z","timestamp":1214642521000},"page":"812-818","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Effects of fentanyl dose and exposure duration on the affective and somatic signs of fentanyl withdrawal in rats"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Jiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark S.","family":"Gold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hartmut","family":"Derendorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrie W.","family":"Bruijnzeel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199012000-00011","article-title":"Tolerance and dependence in neonates sedated with fentanyl during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation","volume":"73","author":"Arnold","year":"1990","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2004.08.012","article-title":"Opioids: cellular mechanisms of tolerance and physical dependence","volume":"5","author":"Bailey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2005.03.012","article-title":"Psychostimulant withdrawal as an inducing condition in animal models of depression","volume":"29","author":"Barr","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1053\/eujp.2000.0220","article-title":"Inefficacy of high-dose transdermal fentanyl in a patient with neuropathic pain, a case report","volume":"5","author":"Bleeker","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6324347","article-title":"Anatomically distinct opiate receptor fields mediate reward and physical dependence","volume":"224","author":"Bozarth","year":"1984","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib48","first-page":"505","article-title":"The role of corticotropin-releasing factor-like peptides in cannabis, nicotine, and alcohol dependence. Brain Res. Brain Res","volume":"49","author":"Bruijnzeel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.020","article-title":"Severe deficit in brain reward function associated with fentanyl withdrawal in rats","volume":"59","author":"Bruijnzeel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-006-0670-2","article-title":"The effects of buprenorphine on fentanyl withdrawal in rats","volume":"191","author":"Bruijnzeel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301192","article-title":"Antagonism of CRF receptors prevents the deficit in brain reward function associated with precipitated nicotine withdrawal in rats","volume":"32","author":"Bruijnzeel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01730-4","article-title":"Withdrawal from chronic amphetamine induces depressive-like behavioral effects in rodents","volume":"54","author":"Cryan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1038\/35000212","article-title":"Noradrenaline in the ventral forebrain is critical for opiate withdrawal-induced aversion","volume":"403","author":"Delfs","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1C324","article-title":"Opioid withdrawal in critically ill neonates","volume":"37","author":"Dominguez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)36572-3","article-title":"Intracranial self-stimulation in rats: sensitization to an opioid antagonist following acute or chronic treatment with mu opioid agonists","volume":"281","author":"Easterling","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1038\/30001","article-title":"Dramatic decreases in brain reward function during nicotine withdrawal","volume":"393","author":"Epping-Jordan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib14","first-page":"39","article-title":"Assessment and management of opioid withdrawal in ill neonates","volume":"14","author":"Franck","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neonatal Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2004.07.008","article-title":"Opioid and benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms in paediatric intensive care patients","volume":"20","author":"Franck","year":"2004","journal-title":"Intensive Crit. Care Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc1998.7.5.364","article-title":"Opioid withdrawal in neonates after continuous infusions of morphine or fentanyl during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation","volume":"7","author":"Franck","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Crit. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib17","first-page":"536","article-title":"Development and maintenance of morphine tolerance and dependence in the rat by scheduled access to morphine drinking solutions","volume":"205","author":"Gellert","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2004.01.003","article-title":"A reassessment of trends in the medical use and abuse of opioid analgesics and implications for diversion control: 1997-2002","volume":"28","author":"Gilson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Pain Symptom. Manage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-198804000-00006","article-title":"Fentanyl blood concentration\u2013analgesic response relationship in the treatment of postoperative pain","volume":"67","author":"Gourlay","year":"1988","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(00)00186-X","article-title":"Opiate withdrawal-induced fos immunoreactivity in the rat extended amygdala parallels the development of conditioned place aversion","volume":"24","author":"Gracy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(94)90489-8","article-title":"Antagonist-precipitated opioid withdrawal in rats: evidence for dissociations between physical and motivational signs","volume":"48","author":"Higgins","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.13.1710","article-title":"Trends in medical use and abuse of opioid analgesics","volume":"283","author":"Joranson","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(90)90242-A","article-title":"Postcocaine depression and sensitization of brain-stimulation reward: analysis of reinforcement and performance effects","volume":"36","author":"Kokkinidis","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(96)00438-8","article-title":"Opponent process model and psychostimulant addiction","volume":"57","author":"Koob","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib22","first-page":"2473","article-title":"Euphorigenic drugs: effects on the reward pathways of the brain","volume":"38","author":"Kornetsky","year":"1979","journal-title":"Fed. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib44","first-page":"185","article-title":"A cluster of fentanyl-related deaths among drug addicts in Sweden. Forensic Sci","volume":"88","author":"Kronstrand","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/27.7.499","article-title":"Fentanyl use, misuse, and abuse: a summary of 23 postmortem cases","volume":"27","author":"Kuhlman","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Anal. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)34161-3","article-title":"Plasma fentanyl levels in infants undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation","volume":"105","author":"Leuschen","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS04143","article-title":"Deaths after intravenous misuse of transdermal fentanyl","volume":"49","author":"Lilleng","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1097\/00004630-200021060-00008","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of fentanyl for the management of severe procedural pain in patients with burn injuries","volume":"21","author":"Linneman","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Burn Care Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(92)90685-W","article-title":"Pharmacological profiles of fentanyl analogs at mu, delta and kappa opiate receptors","volume":"213","author":"Maguire","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(93)91364-X","article-title":"Destruction of the locus coeruleus decreases physical signs of opiate withdrawal","volume":"605","author":"Maldonado","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.12.002","article-title":"A preclinical comparison between different opioids: antinociceptive versus adverse effects","volume":"80","author":"Meert","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200161150-00014","article-title":"Transdermal fentanyl: an updated review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in chronic cancer pain control","volume":"61","author":"Muijsers","year":"2001","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-7258(00)00099-1","article-title":"Regulations of opioid dependence by opioid receptor types","volume":"89","author":"Narita","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2004.02.005","article-title":"Historical review: molecular and cellular mechanisms of opiate and cocaine addiction","volume":"25","author":"Nestler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib31","first-page":"1551","article-title":"Sufentanil, a very potent and extremely safe intravenous morphine-like compound in mice, rats and dogs","volume":"26","author":"Niemegeers","year":"1976","journal-title":"Arzneimittelforschung"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2004.04001.x","article-title":"Trends in medical use and abuse of sustained-release opioid analgesics: a revisit","volume":"5","author":"Novak","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pain Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5880","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.13.5880","article-title":"Decreased brain reward produced by ethanol withdrawal","volume":"92","author":"Schulteis","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib34","first-page":"1391","article-title":"Relative sensitivity to naloxone of multiple indices of opiate withdrawal: a quantitative dose\u2013response analysis","volume":"271","author":"Schulteis","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-4-24","article-title":"Transdermal opioids for cancer pain","volume":"4","author":"Skaer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Health Qual. Life Outcomes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(96)00319-X","article-title":"Involvement of delta 1 and delta 2 opioid receptor subtypes in the development of physical dependence on morphine in mice","volume":"57","author":"Suzuki","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02431544","article-title":"Clonidine infusions into the locus coeruleus attenuate behavioral and neurochemical changes associated with naloxone-precipitated withdrawal","volume":"96","author":"Taylor","year":"1988","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PCC.0000144710.13710.2E","article-title":"Sedation, analgesia, and neuromuscular blockade in the pediatric intensive care unit: survey of fellowship training programs","volume":"5","author":"Twite","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib39","first-page":"1521","article-title":"Synthetic analgesics: N-(1-[2-arylethyl]-4-substituted 4-piperidinyl) N-arylalkanamides","volume":"26","author":"Van Daele","year":"1976","journal-title":"Arzneimittelforschung"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(24)01405-4","article-title":"Opioids, reward and addiction: an encounter of biology, psychology, and medicine","volume":"51","author":"van Ree","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198906000-00008","article-title":"Absorption characteristics of transdermally administered fentanyl","volume":"70","author":"Varvel","year":"1989","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"}],"container-title":["Neuropharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0028390808002244?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0028390808002244?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T21:52:57Z","timestamp":1738273977000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0028390808002244"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0028390808002244"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.034","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-3908"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-3908","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]}}}