{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:16:31Z","timestamp":1791926191857,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,1]],"date-time":"2008-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1222819200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuropharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,1]],"date-time":"2008-07-01T08:53:20Z","timestamp":1214902400000},"page":"826-834","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":155,"title":["Inhibition of glial inflammatory activation and neurotoxicity by tricyclic antidepressants"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Jaegyu","family":"Hwang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Long Tai","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiyeon","family":"Ock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maan Gee","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang-Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ho-Won","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Won-Ha","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hae-Chul","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyoungho","family":"Suk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-6618(03)00106-3","article-title":"Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of different antidepressants in the rat","volume":"48","author":"Abdel-Salam","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.1106","article-title":"Immune function of microglia","volume":"36","author":"Aloisi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib3","first-page":"269","article-title":"Astrocytes as mediators of immune and inflammatory responses in the CNS","volume":"19","author":"Aschner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.12.040194.001041","article-title":"Function and activation of NF-kappa B in the immune system","volume":"12","author":"Baeuerle","year":"1994","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI11991","article-title":"Control of oncogenesis and cancer therapy resistance by the transcription factor NF-kappaB","volume":"107","author":"Baldwin","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2038","article-title":"Microglia-mediated neurotoxicity: uncovering the molecular mechanisms","volume":"8","author":"Block","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490310405","article-title":"An immortalized cell line expresses properties of activated microglial cells","volume":"31","author":"Bocchini","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.1070","article-title":"Characterization of a novel brain-derived microglial cell line isolated from neonatal rat brain","volume":"35","author":"Cheepsunthorn","year":"2001","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-200302000-00001","article-title":"Astrocytes and brain injury","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28373","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.45.28373","article-title":"Blockade of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway inhibits inducible nitric-oxide synthase expression in mouse astrocytes","volume":"272","author":"Da Silva","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(99)00127-6","article-title":"Hormonal regulation of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway","volume":"157","author":"Delfino","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1038\/35019154","article-title":"Kinase regulation in inflammatory response","volume":"406","author":"Delhase","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00427450","article-title":"Cerebral and blood pharmacokinetics of imipramine and its active metabolites in the pregnant rat","volume":"84","author":"DeVane","year":"1984","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.02.008","article-title":"Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in Parkinson's disease","volume":"205","author":"Esposito","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1954","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.03-0109fje","article-title":"Critical role of microglial NADPH oxidase-derived free radicals in the in vitro MPTP model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"17","author":"Gao","year":"2003","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1159\/000112099","article-title":"The impact of microglia-derived cytokines upon gliosis in the CNS","volume":"16","author":"Giulian","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.22.1.219","article-title":"Microglia as mediators of inflammatory and degenerative diseases","volume":"22","author":"Gonzalez-Scarano","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.03.022","article-title":"Antidepressants inhibit interferon-gamma-induced microglial production of IL-6 and nitric oxide","volume":"206","author":"Hashioka","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/S0171-2985(11)80545-0","article-title":"Transcriptional regulation of the tumor necrosis factor alpha gene","volume":"193","author":"Jongeneel","year":"1995","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.18.1.621","article-title":"Phosphorylation meets ubiquitination: the control of NF-[kappa]B activity","volume":"18","author":"Karin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2640","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2007.04995.x","article-title":"Neurotoxicity of microglial cathepsin D revealed by secretome analysis","volume":"103","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.03.019","article-title":"A new anti-inflammatory agent KL-1037 represses proinflammatory cytokine and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression in activated microglia","volume":"47","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e3280adc943","article-title":"Therapeutic approaches to inflammation in neurodegenerative disease","volume":"20","author":"Klegeris","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib24","first-page":"503","article-title":"Effect of chronic treatment with imipramine on interleukin 1 and interleukin 2 production by splenocytes obtained from rats subjected to a chronic mild stress model of depression","volume":"48","author":"Kubera","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pol. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.03-0057fje","article-title":"Flavonoid wogonin from medicinal herb is neuroprotective by inhibiting inflammatory activation of microglia","volume":"17","author":"Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2007.06.016","article-title":"Heme oxygenase-1 mediates cytoprotective effects of immunostimulation in microglia","volume":"74","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.102.035048","article-title":"Role of microglia in inflammation-mediated neurodegenerative diseases: mechanisms and strategies for therapeutic intervention","volume":"304","author":"Liu","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5846(03)00124-6","article-title":"Inflammatory processes in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"27","author":"McGeer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.38.8.1285","article-title":"Reactive microglia are positive for HLA-DR in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease brains","volume":"38","author":"McGeer","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2004.01.005","article-title":"Inflammation and neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease","volume":"10","author":"McGeer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2006.03.013","article-title":"NSAIDs and Alzheimer disease: epidemiological, animal model and clinical studies","volume":"28","author":"McGeer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(97)00052-X","article-title":"Microglia as effector cells in brain damage and repair: focus on prostanoids and nitric oxide","volume":"54","author":"Minghetti","year":"1998","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1110647","article-title":"Resting microglial cells are highly dynamic surveillants of brain parenchyma in vivo","volume":"308","author":"Nimmerjahn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1017\/S146114570500547X","article-title":"Amitriptyline and nortriptyline inhibit interleukin-1 release by rat mixed glial and microglial cell cultures","volume":"9","author":"Obuchowicz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7786","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.12.7786","article-title":"Increasing cAMP attenuates induction of inducible nitric-oxide synthase in rat primary astrocytes","volume":"272","author":"Pahan","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.106.114322","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory mechanisms of isoflavone metabolites in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated microglial cells","volume":"320","author":"Park","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-328X(02)00421-7","article-title":"Hypoxia induces nitric oxide production in mouse microglia via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway","volume":"107","author":"Park","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2006.8.903","article-title":"C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) regulation of iNOS expression in glial cells: predominant role of JNK1 isoform","volume":"8","author":"Pawate","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2007.05.002","article-title":"Neuroprotection by imipramine against lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis in hippocampus-derived neural stem cells mediated by activation of BDNF and the MAPK pathway","volume":"18","author":"Peng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10274","article-title":"High-yield isolation of murine microglia by mild trypsinization","volume":"44","author":"Saura","year":"2003","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1038\/249224a0","article-title":"Clonal cell lines from the rat central nervous system","volume":"249","author":"Schubert","year":"1974","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"Suppl. 4","key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib42","first-page":"5","article-title":"Basic psychopharmacology of antidepressants, part 1: antidepressants have seven distinct mechanisms of action","volume":"59","author":"Stahl","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(98)00083-5","article-title":"The role of microglia and macrophages in the pathophysiology of the CNS","volume":"58","author":"Stoll","year":"1999","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(98)00069-0","article-title":"Reactive microgliosis","volume":"57","author":"Streit","year":"1999","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1159\/000085383","article-title":"Regulation of neuroinflammation by herbal medicine and its implications for neurodegenerative diseases. A focus on traditional medicines and flavonoids","volume":"14","author":"Suk","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosignals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.107.034512","article-title":"Fisetin, an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 6, down-regulates nuclear factor-kappaB-regulated cell proliferation, antiapoptotic and metastatic gene products through the suppression of TAK-1 and receptor-interacting protein-regulated IkappaBalpha kinase activation","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2580","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-08-02580.2001","article-title":"Minocycline, a tetracycline derivative, is neuroprotective against excitotoxicity by inhibiting activation and proliferation of microglia","volume":"21","author":"Tikka","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2001.00543.x","article-title":"Tetracycline derivatives and ceftriaxone, a cephalosporin antibiotic, protect neurons against apoptosis induced by ionizing radiation","volume":"78","author":"Tikka","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-977X(00)00098-5","article-title":"Steady state concentrations of clomipramine and its major metabolite desmethylclomipramine in rat brain and serum after oral administration of clomipramine","volume":"10","author":"Weigmann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/10408360701713112","article-title":"Relevant issues in the monitoring and the toxicology of antidepressants","volume":"45","author":"Wille","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(01)00483-2","article-title":"Drug and chemical blood-level data 2001","volume":"122","author":"Winek","year":"2001","journal-title":"Forensic Sci. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/0162-3109(96)00111-7","article-title":"Tricyclic antidepressants inhibit IL-6, IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha release in human blood monocytes and IL-2 and interferon-gamma in T cells","volume":"34","author":"Xia","year":"1996","journal-title":"Immunopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/S0192-0561(97)00020-9","article-title":"Tricyclic antidepressants induce apoptosis in human T lymphocytes","volume":"19","author":"Xia","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. J. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020819823917","article-title":"Tricyclic antidepressants prevent the differentiation of monocytes into macrophage-like cells in vitro","volume":"18","author":"Ying","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-5428(96)00017-4","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of microglial activation","volume":"6","author":"Zielasek","year":"1996","journal-title":"Adv. Neuroimmunol."}],"container-title":["Neuropharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0028390808002372?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0028390808002372?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T00:03:02Z","timestamp":1709078582000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0028390808002372"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0028390808002372"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.045","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-3908"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-3908","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]}}}