{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T01:50:17Z","timestamp":1791424217900,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuropharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,6]],"date-time":"2008-08-06T08:11:58Z","timestamp":1218010318000},"page":"205-212","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":145,"special_numbering":"S1","title":["Opioid receptors: From binding sites to visible molecules in vivo"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Brigitte L.","family":"Kieffer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.07.030184.001255","article-title":"Endogenous opioids: biology and function","volume":"7","author":"Akil","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-328X(03)00057-3","article-title":"Microarray analysis of genes expressed in the frontal cortex of rats chronically treated with morphine and after naloxone precipitated withdrawal","volume":"112","author":"Ammon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1995.65041636.x","article-title":"Phosphorylation and agonist specific intracellular trafficking of an epitope-tagged m-opioid receptor expressed in HEK 293 cells","volume":"65","author":"Arden","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2006.10.005","article-title":"Drug addiction: the neurobiology of disrupted self-control","volume":"12","author":"Baler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib7","series-title":"Pain Reviews","first-page":"100","article-title":"Structure\u2013activity relationships in the delta opioid receptor","author":"Befort","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10161","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.17.10161","article-title":"Role of transmembrane residues of the d-opioid receptor in ligand recognition","volume":"271","author":"Befort","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2006.01.006","article-title":"Intraneuronal trafficking of G-protein-coupled receptors in vivo","volume":"29","author":"Bernard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1417.028","article-title":"Gene altered expression in lateral hypothalamus upon mu opioid receptor activation by morphine","volume":"1129","author":"Befort","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2973","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2008.06273.x","article-title":"Mu opioid receptor activation induces transcriptional plasticity in the extended amygdala","volume":"27","author":"Befort","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10935","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-24-10935.2002","article-title":"Attenuation of nicotine-induced antinociception, rewarding effects and dependence in mu-opioid receptor knockout mice","volume":"22","author":"Berrendero","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2007.09.002","article-title":"Endogenous opiates and behavior: 2006","volume":"28","author":"Bodnar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1150577","article-title":"High-resolution crystal structure of an engineered human beta2-adrenergic G protein-coupled receptor","volume":"318","author":"Cherezov","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2004.05.005","article-title":"Mu opioid receptor: a gateway to drug addiction","volume":"14","author":"Contet","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib14","series-title":"The Delta Receptor","first-page":"41","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo mutagenesis: insights into delta receptor structure and function","author":"D\u00e9caillot","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1038\/nsb950","article-title":"Opioid receptor random mutagenesis reveals a mechanism for G protein-coupled receptor activation","volume":"10","author":"D\u00e9caillot","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-6147(00)01799-5","article-title":"Heterodimerization of G-protein-coupled receptors: pharmacology, signaling and trafficking","volume":"22","author":"Devi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib17","series-title":"Wall & Melzack's Textbook of Pain 5th","article-title":"Opiates-basic","author":"Dickenson","year":"2005"},{"issue":"Supp. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.06.016","article-title":"Secrets of the opium poppy revealed","volume":"47","author":"Evans","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib19","series-title":"The Opiate Receptors","first-page":"23","article-title":"The opioid peptides","author":"Evans","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1952","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1335167","article-title":"Cloning of a delta opioid receptor by functional expression","volume":"258","author":"Evans","year":"1992","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1038\/76061","article-title":"Mice deficient for delta- and mu-opioid receptors exhibit opposing alterations of emotional responses","volume":"25","author":"Filliol","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2558","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2008.06223.x","article-title":"Inflammatory pain is enhanced in delta-opioid receptor knockout mice. Eur","volume":"27","author":"Gav\u00e9riaux-Ruff","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-03-01146.2002","article-title":"Motivational effects of cannabinoids are mediated by mu- and kappa-opioid receptors","volume":"22","author":"Ghozland","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2007.01.008","article-title":"Hallucinogens recruit specific cortical 5-HT(2A) receptor-mediated signaling pathways to affect behavior","volume":"53","author":"Gonzalez-Maeso","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1126","article-title":"Technicolour transgenics: imaging tools for functional genomics in the mouse","volume":"4","author":"Hadjantonakis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2005.04.001","article-title":"How individual sensitivity to opiates can be predicted by gene analyses","volume":"26","author":"Ikeda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2003.09.006","article-title":"Neuroadaptive effects of active versus passive drug administration in addiction research","volume":"24","author":"Jacobs","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1038\/21441","article-title":"G-protein-coupled receptor heterodimerization modulates receptor function","volume":"399","author":"Jordan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1124\/mi.6.3.7","article-title":"The antidepressant-like effects of delta-opioid receptor agonists","volume":"6","author":"Jutkiewicz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Interv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19021","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.32.19021","article-title":"Morphine activates opioid receptors without causing their rapid internalization","volume":"277","author":"Keith","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S379","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707604","article-title":"Agonist-selective mechanisms of GPCR desensitization","volume":"153","author":"Kelly","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02071128","article-title":"Recent advances in molecular recognition and signal transduction of active peptides: receptors for opioid peptides","volume":"15","author":"Kieffer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(02)00008-4","article-title":"Exploring the opioid system by gene knockout","volume":"66","author":"Kieffer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12048","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.24.12048","article-title":"The d-opioid receptor: isolation of a cDNA by expression cloning and pharmacological characterization","volume":"89","author":"Kieffer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.05030503","article-title":"Stress, dysregulation of drug reward pathways, and the transition to drug dependence","volume":"164","author":"Koob","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00819-0","article-title":"Opioid receptor and peptide gene polymorphisms: potential implications for addictions","volume":"410","author":"LaForge","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2518","article-title":"Structural diversity of G protein-coupled receptors and significance for drug discovery","volume":"7","author":"Lagerstrom","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4458-07.2008","article-title":"The dysphoric component of stress is encoded by activation of the dynorphin kappa-opioid system","volume":"28","author":"Land","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4892(02)00124-8","article-title":"Oligomerization of opioid receptors: generation of novel signaling units","volume":"2","author":"Levac","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(95)93946-U","article-title":"Opioid-receptor mRNA expression in the rat CNS: anatomical and functional implications","volume":"18","author":"Mansour","year":"1995","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib42","first-page":"517","article-title":"The effects of morphine and nalorphine-like drugs in the nondependent and morphine-dependent chronic spinal dog","volume":"197","author":"Martin","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2003.02482.x","article-title":"Acute antinociceptive responses in single and combinatorial opioid receptor knockout mice: distinct mu, delta and kappa tones","volume":"17","author":"Martin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1038\/383819a0","article-title":"Loss of morphine-induced analgesia, reward effect and withdrawal symptoms in mice lacking the \u03bc-opioid receptor gene","volume":"383","author":"Matthes","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/01.fpc.0000182781.87932.0d","article-title":"Pharmacogenetics of opioid receptors and addiction","volume":"16","author":"Mayer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacogenet. Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301544","article-title":"Neuroplasticity mediated by altered gene expression","volume":"33","author":"McClung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1095943","article-title":"Deficit in attachment behavior in mice lacking the mu-opioid receptor gene","volume":"304","author":"Moles","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2006.04569.x","article-title":"Neuropathic pain is\u00a0enhanced in delta-opioid receptor knockout mice","volume":"23","author":"Nadal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1578","article-title":"Is there a common molecular pathway for addiction?","volume":"8","author":"Nestler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2005.06.018","article-title":"Critical assessment of how to study addiction and its treatment: human and non-human animal models","volume":"108","author":"O'Brien","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1126\/science.179.4077.1011","article-title":"Opiate receptor: demonstration in nervous tissue","volume":"179","author":"Pert","year":"1973","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm908","article-title":"Seven-transmembrane receptors","volume":"3","author":"Pierce","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.59.1.5","article-title":"International union of basic and clinical pharmacology. LXVII. Recommendations for the recognition and nomenclature of G protein-coupled receptor heteromultimers","volume":"59","author":"Pin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-3084(02)00160-3","article-title":"Gene expression profiling: methodological challenges, results, and prospects for addiction research","volume":"121","author":"Pollock","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Lipids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)39326-7","article-title":"Mu-opioid receptor knockout mice do not self-administer alcohol","volume":"293","author":"Roberts","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1150609","article-title":"GPCR engineering yields high-resolution structural insights into beta2-adrenergic receptor function","volume":"318","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.FPJ04014X","article-title":"Potential anxiolytic and antidepressant-like activities of SNC80, a selective delta-opioid agonist, in behavioral models in rodents","volume":"95","author":"Saitoh","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9691","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0603359103","article-title":"Knockin mice expressing fluorescent delta-opioid receptors uncover G protein-coupled receptor dynamics in vivo","volume":"103","author":"Scherrer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.70.7.1947","article-title":"Stereospecific binding of the potent narcotic analgesic [3H] etorphine to rat brain homogenate","volume":"70","author":"Simon","year":"1973","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/17.4.886","article-title":"Disruption of the k-opioid receptor gene in mice enhances sensitivity to chemical visceral pain, impairs pharmacological actions of the selective k-agonist U-50,488H and attenuates morphine withdrawal","volume":"17","author":"Simonin","year":"1998","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2046","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.6.2046","article-title":"Opposing tonically active endogenous opioid systems modulate the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway","volume":"89","author":"Spanagel","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9241","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.17.9241","article-title":"Agonist-selective endocytosis of m opioid receptor by neurons in vitro","volume":"93","author":"Sternini","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.44.101802.121558","article-title":"Membrane trafficking of G protein-coupled receptors","volume":"44","author":"Tan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45978","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M304504200","article-title":"A novel endocytic recycling signal that distinguishes the membrane trafficking of naturally occurring opioid receptors","volume":"278","author":"Tanowitz","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4165","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5648-06.2007","article-title":"A molecular basis of analgesic tolerance to cannabinoids","volume":"27","author":"Tappe-Theodor","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1973.tb01477.x","article-title":"Stereospecific interaction between narcotic analgesics and a synaptic plasma membrane fraction of rat cerebral cortex","volume":"32","author":"Terenius","year":"1973","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01273","article-title":"Long-term in vivo imaging of experience-dependent synaptic plasticity in adult cortex","volume":"420","author":"Trachtenberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.67.1.509","article-title":"The green fluorescent protein","volume":"67","author":"Tsien","year":"1998","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(01)00426-2","article-title":"Internalization of mu-opioid receptors produced by etorphine in the rat locus coeruleus","volume":"108","author":"Van Bockstaele","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.07.019","article-title":"The addicted human brain viewed in the light of imaging studies: brain circuits and treatment strategies","volume":"47","author":"Volkow","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pa.36.040196.002115","article-title":"Opioid receptor types and subtypes: the d receptor as a model","volume":"36","author":"Zaki","year":"1996","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."}],"container-title":["Neuropharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0028390808003146?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0028390808003146?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T10:05:17Z","timestamp":1738317917000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0028390808003146"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"references-count":70,"alternative-id":["S0028390808003146"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.033","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-3908"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-3908","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]}}}