{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T19:26:25Z","timestamp":1759692385786},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4-5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,1]],"date-time":"2010-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1267401600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuropharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,28]],"date-time":"2009-11-28T09:16:31Z","timestamp":1259399791000},"page":"694-701","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Cognitive impulsivity in animal models: Role of response time and reinforcing rate in delay intolerance with two-choice operant tasks"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Walter","family":"Adriani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Zoratto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emilia","family":"Romano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Laviola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2006.11.010","article-title":"1H MRS detectable metabolic brain changes and reduced impulsive behavior in adult rats exposed to methylphenidate during adolescence","volume":"29","author":"Adriani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2003.08.007","article-title":"The spontaneously hypertensive-rat as an animal model of ADHD, evidence for impulsive and non-impulsive subpopulations","volume":"27","author":"Adriani","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-7-52","article-title":"Delay aversion but preference for binge and rare rewards in two choice tasks, implications for measuring of self-control parameters","volume":"7","author":"Adriani","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib4","series-title":"Beyond Neuropsychiatric Diagnostics: Symptoms Not Disorders","first-page":"385","article-title":"Animal models and mechanisms of impulsivity in adolescence","author":"Adriani","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-004-1892-9","article-title":"Acetyl-l-carnitine reduces impulsive behaviour in adolescent rats","volume":"176","author":"Adriani","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1037\/h0076860","article-title":"Specious reward: a behavioral theory of impulsiveness and impulse control","volume":"82","author":"Ainslie","year":"1975","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2005.06.007","article-title":"Effects of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptor stimulation on temporal differentiation performance in the fixed-interval peak procedure","volume":"71","author":"Asgari","year":"2006","journal-title":"Behav. Processes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.1989.52-97","article-title":"Determinants of choice for pigeons and humans on concurrent-chains schedules of reinforcement","volume":"522","author":"Belke","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Exp. Anal. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib9","first-page":"4","article-title":"Attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder, a life-span perspective","volume":"59","author":"Biederman","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00005485","article-title":"Serotonin and tolerance to delay of reward in rats","volume":"146","author":"Bizot","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1097\/00008877-200503000-00004","article-title":"Evaluation of DOI, 8-OH-DPAT, eticlopride and amphetamine on impulsive responding in a reaction time task in rats","volume":"16","author":"Blokland","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behav. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(01)00674-8","article-title":"Effect of 8-OH-DPAT on temporal discrimination following central 5-hydroxytryptamine depletion","volume":"71","author":"Body","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1097\/00008877-200212000-00001","article-title":"Antagonism by WAY-100635 of the effects of 8-OH-DPAT on performance on a free-operant timing schedule in intact and 5-HT-depleted rats","volume":"13","author":"Body","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behav. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib14","first-page":"267","article-title":"Herrnstein's equation: effect of deprivation level on performance in variable-interval schedules","volume":"3","author":"Bradshaw","year":"1983","journal-title":"Behav. Anal. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1308.004","article-title":"Limbic corticostriatal systems and delayed reinforcement","volume":"1021","author":"Cardinal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s002139900368","article-title":"The 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT reduces rats' accuracy of attentional performance and enhances impulsive responding in a five-choice serial reaction time task, role of presynaptic 5-HT(1A) receptors","volume":"149","author":"Carli","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.163.6.957","article-title":"From behavior to cognition to the brain and back, what have we learned from functional imaging studies of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?","volume":"163","author":"Casey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2006.01.011","article-title":"Characterizing cognition in ADHD: beyond executive dysfunction","volume":"10","author":"Castellanos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e3280ba4989","article-title":"The neuropsychiatry of impulsivity","volume":"20","author":"Chamberlain","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130000495","article-title":"Effects of 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) on performance on two operant timing schedules","volume":"151","author":"Chiang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0949-03.2004","article-title":"Prefrontal cortical-ventral striatal interactions involved in affective modulation of attentional performance, implications for corticostriatal circuit function","volume":"24","author":"Christakou","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(01)00412-2","article-title":"Deficits in impulse control associated with tonically-elevated serotonergic function in rat prefrontal cortex","volume":"26","author":"Dalley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-006-0668-0","article-title":"Epidemiologic and clinical updates on impulse control disorders: a critical review","volume":"256","author":"Dell'Osso","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib24","first-page":"21","article-title":"Executive functions in attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"67","author":"Doyle","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00005481","article-title":"Varieties of impulsivity","volume":"146","author":"Evenden","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050121","article-title":"The pharmacology of impulsive behavior in rats, the effects of drugs on response choice with varying delays of reinforcement","volume":"128","author":"Evenden","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00005486","article-title":"The pharmacology of impulsive behavior in rats VI: the effects of ethanol and selective serotonergic drugs on response choice with varying delays of reinforcement","volume":"146","author":"Evenden","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-6357(03)00139-6","article-title":"Effects of reinforcer magnitude on an animal model of impulsive behaviour","volume":"64","author":"Farrar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Behav. Processes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.107.2.289","article-title":"Time, rate, and conditioning","volume":"107","author":"Gallistel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1177\/074873040101600103","article-title":"5HT7 receptors in the rodent supra-chiasmatic nucleus","volume":"16","author":"Gannon","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Rhythms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.84.3.279","article-title":"Scalar expectancy theory and Weber's law in animal timing","volume":"84","author":"Gibbon","year":"1977","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03213979","article-title":"Temporal discounting and preference reversals in choice between delayed outcomes","volume":"1","author":"Green","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psychon. Bull. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.130.5.769","article-title":"A discounting framework for choice with delayed and probabilistic rewards","volume":"130","author":"Green","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.2004.81-39","article-title":"Discounting of delayed food rewards in pigeons and rats: is there a magnitude effect?","volume":"81","author":"Green","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Exp. Anal. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.037","article-title":"Chronic food restriction increases D-1 dopamine receptor agonist-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1\/2 and cyclic AMP response element-binding protein in caudate-putamen and nucleus accumbens","volume":"125","author":"Haberny","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050410","article-title":"Central 5-HT depletion enhances impulsive responding without affecting the accuracy of attentional performance: interactions with dopaminergic mechanisms","volume":"133","author":"Harrison","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2004.07.002","article-title":"Functional, molecular and pharmacological advances in 5-HT7 receptor research","volume":"25","author":"Hedlund","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00005482","article-title":"Theory and method in the quantitative analysis of \u201cimpulsive choice\u201d behaviour: implications for psychopharmacology","volume":"146","author":"Ho","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-953X(05)70185-4","article-title":"Pathological gambling","volume":"23","author":"Hollander","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib40","series-title":"Principles of Behavior","author":"Hull","year":"1943"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.1971.16-411","article-title":"Temporal tracking on cyclic-interval reinforcement schedules","volume":"16","author":"Innis","year":"1971","journal-title":"J. Exp. Anal. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.1993.60-293","article-title":"Temporal control on interval schedules: what determines the postreinforcement pause?","volume":"60","author":"Innis","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Exp. Anal. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.1998.69-87","article-title":"Humans' choice in self-control choice situation: sensitivity to reinforcer amount, reinforcer delay, and overall reinforcement density","volume":"69","author":"Ito","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Exp. Anal. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.95.2.274","article-title":"A behavioral theory of timing","volume":"95","author":"Killeen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1169","article-title":"Home cage testing of delay-discounting in rats","volume":"41","author":"Koot","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.1995.64-47","article-title":"Food-deprivation effects on punished schedule-induced drinking in rats","volume":"64","author":"Lamas","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Exp. Anal. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(03)00006-X","article-title":"Risk-taking behavior in adolescent mice, psychobiological determinants and early epigenetic influence","volume":"27","author":"Laviola","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.1973.19-17","article-title":"Effects of food deprivation on free-operant avoidance behavior","volume":"19","author":"Leander","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Exp. Anal. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-183X.2009.00486.x","article-title":"Methylphenidate to adolescent rats drives enduring change of accumbal Htr7 expression, implications for impulsive behavior and neuronal morphology","volume":"8","author":"Leo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genes Brain Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(03)00521-4","article-title":"Interval timing in mice does not rely upon the circadian pacemaker","volume":"348","author":"Lewis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1037\/0097-7403.30.4.299","article-title":"The conditions for temporal tracking under interval schedules of reinforcement","volume":"30","author":"Ludvig","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Anim. Behav. Process"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib52","series-title":"Quantitative Analyses of Behaviour","first-page":"55","article-title":"An adjusting procedure for studying delayed reinforcement","volume":"vol. 5","author":"Mazur","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.1995.63-139","article-title":"Conditioned reinforcement and choice with delayed and uncertain primary reinforcers","volume":"63","author":"Mazur","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Exp. Anal. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03199051","article-title":"Choice, delay, probability, and conditioned reinforcement","volume":"25","author":"Mazur","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anim. Learn. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-6357(00)00070-X","article-title":"Tradeoffs among delay, rate, and amount of reinforcement","volume":"49","author":"Mazur","year":"2000","journal-title":"Behav. Processes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1100907","article-title":"Separate neural systems do value immediate and delayed monetary rewards","volume":"306","author":"McClure","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1006\/brcg.2001.1313","article-title":"Dissecting the brain's internal clock: how frontal-striatal circuitry keeps time and shifts attention","volume":"48","author":"Meck","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain Cogn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(97)00172-1","article-title":"Frontal, temporal and lateralized brain function in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, a psychophysiological and neuropsychological viewpoint on development","volume":"94","author":"Oades","year":"1998","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2004.03.005","article-title":"Amount-dependent temporal discounting?","volume":"66","author":"Ong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Behav. Processes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6663(86)80041-1","article-title":"Food deprivation fails to potentiate intravenous self-administration of fenfluramine in naive rats","volume":"7","author":"Papasava","year":"1986","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2007.07.002","article-title":"Response-reinforcer relations and the resistance to change","volume":"77","author":"Podlesnik","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behav. Processes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1097\/00008877-199608000-00011","article-title":"Dexfenfluramine and 8-OH-DPAT modulate impulsivity in a delay-of reward paradigm, implications for a correspondence with alcohol consumption","volume":"7","author":"Poulos","year":"1996","journal-title":"Behav. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(97)00392-8","article-title":"Changes in activity of dopamine and serotonin systems in the frontal cortex underlie poor choice accuracy and impulsivity of rats in an attention task","volume":"83","author":"Puumala","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2004.09.016","article-title":"Neuro-cognitive mechanisms of cognitive control, the role of prefrontal cortex in action selection, response inhibition, performance monitoring and reward-based learning","volume":"56","author":"Ridderinkhof","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Cogn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib65","first-page":"105","article-title":"Adjusting delay to reinforcement: comparing choice in pigeons and humans","volume":"141","author":"Rodriguez","year":"1988","journal-title":"Anim. Learn. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1390.001","article-title":"Should I stay or should I go? The transformation of time-discounted rewards in orbitofrontal cortex and associated brain circuits","volume":"1104","author":"Roesch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib67","first-page":"1","article-title":"Attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder \u2013 from brain dysfunctions to behaviour","volume":"94","author":"Sagvolden","year":"1998","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-006-0668-9","article-title":"Effort-related functions of nucleus accumbens dopamine and associated forebrain circuits","volume":"191","author":"Salamone","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.1969.12-677","article-title":"A two-state analysis of fixed interval responding in the pigeon","volume":"12","author":"Schneider","year":"1969","journal-title":"J. Exp. Anal. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1126\/science.275.5306.1593","article-title":"A neural substrate of prediction and reward","volume":"275","author":"Schultz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib71","series-title":"Quantitative Analyses of Behaviour","first-page":"187","article-title":"Detention time after reinforcement: effects due to delay of reinforcement?","volume":"vol. 5","author":"Shull","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200209000-00002","article-title":"Risperidone Conduct Study Group. Effects of risperidone on conduct and disruptive behavior disorders in children with subaverage IQs","volume":"41","author":"Snyder","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child. Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.09.008","article-title":"Causal models of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder, from common simple deficits to multiple developmental pathways","volume":"57","author":"Sonuga-Barke","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib74","first-page":"265","article-title":"Temporal learning","volume":"vol. 27","author":"Staddon","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/0023-9690(91)90023-2","article-title":"The role of timing in reinforcement schedule performance","volume":"22","author":"Staddon","year":"1991","journal-title":"Learn. Motiv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.54.101601.145124","article-title":"Operant conditioning","volume":"54","author":"Staddon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(80)90222-1","article-title":"Effects of body weight levels on cannabis self-injection","volume":"13","author":"Takahashi","year":"1980","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1390.009","article-title":"Calculating the cost of acting in frontal cortex","volume":"1104","author":"Walton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.02.006","article-title":"Validity of the executive function theory of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a meta-analytic review","volume":"57","author":"Willcutt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-003-1398-x","article-title":"Intra-prefrontal 8-OH-DPAT and M100907 improve visuospatial attention and decrease impulsivity on the five-choice serial reaction time task in rats","volume":"167","author":"Winstanley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2007.10.004","article-title":"Decision making, impulsivity and time perception","volume":"12","author":"Wittmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02245530","article-title":"Effect of the ascending 5-hydroxytryptaminergic pathways on choice between delayed reinforcers","volume":"111","author":"Wogar","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2302(199703)30:2<141::AID-DEV5>3.0.CO;2-Q","article-title":"Multiparous species present problems (and possibilities) to developmentalists","volume":"30","author":"Zorrilla","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dev. Psychobiol."}],"container-title":["Neuropharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0028390809003475?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0028390809003475?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,15]],"date-time":"2018-12-15T00:25:57Z","timestamp":1544833557000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0028390809003475"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4-5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0028390809003475"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.11.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-3908"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-3908","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]}}}