{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T18:42:14Z","timestamp":1791916934564,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]],"date-time":"2013-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1367366400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuropharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,21]],"date-time":"2012-06-21T01:34:26Z","timestamp":1340242466000},"page":"143-149","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Pharmacological treatment of tic disorders and Tourette Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Veit","family":"Roessner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katja","family":"Schoenefeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Buse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Bender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Ehrlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"M\u00fcnchau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-979503","article-title":"Effects of the antipsychotic drug sulpiride on reproductive hormones in healthy premenopausal women: relationship with body weight regulation","volume":"30","author":"Baptista","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e328344648c","article-title":"Recent advances in Tourette syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Bloch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(83)90192-2","article-title":"Treatment approaches in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Borison","year":"1983","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib4","first-page":"29","article-title":"Risperidone as a treatment for Tourette's syndrome","volume":"57","author":"Bruun","year":"1996","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-011-0164-6","article-title":"European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Part I: assessment","volume":"20","author":"Cath","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-007-0840-x","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of atomoxetine for attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents-meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis","volume":"194","author":"Cheng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2003.06.001","article-title":"Dopamine transporter density of the basal ganglia assessed with [123I]IPT SPECT in drug-naive children with Tourette's disorder","volume":"130","author":"Cheon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib8","first-page":"725","article-title":"Clinical trial of tiapride in patients with dyskinesia (author's transl)","volume":"58","author":"Chouza","year":"1982","journal-title":"Sem. Hop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.2165\/00044011-200727020-00005","article-title":"Clinical effectiveness of quetiapine in children and adolescents with Tourette's syndrome: a retrospective case-note survey","volume":"27","author":"Copur","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Drug Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib10","first-page":"CD006565","article-title":"Cannabinoids for Tourette's syndrome","author":"Curtis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073809336215","article-title":"The presence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder worsen psychosocial and educational problems in Tourette syndrome","volume":"25","author":"Debes","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Child Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199607000-00004","article-title":"Tics and risperidone","volume":"35","author":"Diantoniis","year":"1996","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-7964","article-title":"The benzamide tiapride: treatment of extrapyramidal motor and other clinical syndromes","volume":"33","author":"Dose","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib14","first-page":"216","article-title":"Clonazepam, clonidine and tiapride in children with tic disorder","volume":"37","author":"Drt\u00edlkov\u00e1","year":"1996","journal-title":"Homeostasis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1080\/00048670802277222","article-title":"Randomized double-blind multicentre placebo-controlled clinical trial of the clonidine adhesive patch for the treatment of tic disorders","volume":"42","author":"Du","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285610390261","article-title":"Treatment strategies for tics in Tourette syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Eddy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Neurol. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00449911","article-title":"Clinical and neurobiological findings in children suffering from tic disease following treatment with tiapride","volume":"237","author":"Eggers","year":"1988","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib18","first-page":"213","article-title":"Comperative study of the effects of tiapride and a placebo on the involuntary movements and manual ability of children with cerebromotor disorders","volume":"34","author":"Forner-Valero","year":"1986","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatrie de l'Enfance et de l'Adolescence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200203000-00013","article-title":"Risperidone versus clonidine in the treatment of children and adolescents with Tourette's syndrome","volume":"41","author":"Gaffney","year":"2002","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738060210080401","article-title":"Treatment of children and adolescents with tics and Tourette syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Gilbert","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Child Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib21","first-page":"245","article-title":"Clonidine and clonazepam in Tourette syndrome","volume":"58","author":"Goetz","year":"1992","journal-title":"Adv. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-011-9493-7","article-title":"Attentional performance in children and adolescents with tic disorder and co-occurring attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: new insights from a 2\u00a0\u00d7\u00a02 factorial design study","volume":"39","author":"Greimel","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Abnorm. Child Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738060210080901","article-title":"Tic disorders: neural circuits, neurochemistry, and neuroimmunology","volume":"21","author":"Harris","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Child Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2008.12.014","article-title":"Double-blind, crossover study of clonidine and levetiracetam in Tourette syndrome","volume":"40","author":"Hedderick","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.2.358","article-title":"Long-term effects of tetrabenazine in hyperkinetic movement disorders","volume":"48","author":"Jankovic","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.5.688","article-title":"Effect of tetrabenazine on tics and sleep of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome","volume":"34","author":"Jankovic","year":"1984","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2447","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23957","article-title":"Reply to: treatment of tics in patients with Tourette syndrome: recommendations according to the European Society for the study of Tourette syndrome","volume":"26","author":"Jankovic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib28","first-page":"516","article-title":"Treatment of extrapyramidal hyperkineses in childhood with tiapride","volume":"40","author":"Klepel","year":"1988","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Neurol. Med. Psychol. (Leipz)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870110512","article-title":"Severe motor tics causing cervical myelopathy in Tourette's syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Krauss","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2332","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1007805","article-title":"Clinical practice. Tourette's syndrome","volume":"363","author":"Kurlan","year":"2010","journal-title":"N.\u00a0Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.8.1383","article-title":"Prevalence of tics in schoolchildren and association with placement in special education","volume":"57","author":"Kurlan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.60.11.1595","article-title":"Migraine headache in patients with Tourette syndrome","volume":"60","author":"Kwak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.57.8.1190","article-title":"Botulinum toxin in the treatment of tics","volume":"57","author":"Kwak","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389601100205","article-title":"Predictors of clonidine response in Tourette syndrome: implications and inferences","volume":"11","author":"Lichter","year":"1996","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Child Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199509000-00011","article-title":"Risperidone treatment of children and adolescents with chronic tic disorders: a preliminary report","volume":"34","author":"Lombroso","year":"1995","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.5.605","article-title":"Botulinum toxin for simple motor tics: a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial","volume":"56","author":"Marras","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib37","first-page":"517","article-title":"Therapeutic use of tiapride in movement disorders","volume":"54","author":"Mathe","year":"1978","journal-title":"Sem. Hop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2007.10.020","article-title":"Depression in schizophrenia: comparison of first- and second-generation antipsychotic drugs","volume":"99","author":"Mauri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2003.12.006","article-title":"Increased prefrontal D2 protein in Tourette syndrome: a postmortem analysis of frontal cortex and striatum","volume":"219","author":"Minzer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1089\/104454603322572624","article-title":"Quetiapine treatment of children and adolescents with Tourette's disorder","volume":"13","author":"Mukaddes","year":"2003","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2442","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23894","article-title":"Does Tourette syndrome prevent tardive dyskinesia?","volume":"26","author":"Muller-Vahl","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2005.05.031","article-title":"Serotonin transporter binding in Tourette syndrome","volume":"385","author":"Muller-Vahl","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2447","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23958","article-title":"Treatment of tics in patients with Tourette syndrome: recommendations according to the European society for the study of Tourette syndrome","volume":"26","author":"Muller-Vahl","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-25028","article-title":"Treatment of Tourette's syndrome with Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC): a randomized crossover trial","volume":"35","author":"Muller-Vahl","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.3.495","article-title":"Treatment of Tourette's syndrome with delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol","volume":"156","author":"Muller-Vahl","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v64n0417","article-title":"Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is effective in the treatment of tics in Tourette syndrome: a 6-week randomized trial","volume":"64","author":"Muller-Vahl","year":"2003","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wnf.0000136892.24629.96","article-title":"Tetrabenazine treatment in movement disorders","volume":"27","author":"Paleacu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib48","first-page":"645","article-title":"Reflections on child tics. Apropos of a therapeutic trial","volume":"25","author":"Pasquier","year":"1977","journal-title":"Rev. Neuropsychiatr. Infant."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23053","article-title":"Is it a tic?\u2013twenty seconds to make a diagnosis","volume":"25","author":"Paszek","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib50","unstructured":"Pierce, A., Rickards, H., Atypical antipsychotics for Tourette's syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., in press."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371205700302","article-title":"Canadian guidelines for the evidence-based treatment of tic disorders: pharmacotherapy","volume":"57","author":"Pringsheim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib52","first-page":"CD006996","article-title":"Pimozide for tics in Tourette's syndrome","author":"Pringsheim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100029541","article-title":"Pain in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and related tic disorders","volume":"16","author":"Riley","year":"1989","journal-title":"Can. J. Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.3.425","article-title":"Tourette syndrome, associated conditions and the complexities of treatment","volume":"123","author":"Robertson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2008.03.006","article-title":"The prevalence and epidemiology of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Part 1: the epidemiological and prevalence studies","volume":"65","author":"Robertson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1097\/00002826-199006000-00005","article-title":"Management of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome using sulpiride","volume":"13","author":"Robertson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropharmacol."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"I60","DOI":"10.1007\/s007870070020","article-title":"Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: symptomatic treatment based on evidence","volume":"9","author":"Robertson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1024\/1422-4917.32.4.245","article-title":"Therapie der Tic-St\u00f6rungen","volume":"32","author":"Roessner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Z.\u00a0Kinder Jugendpsychiatr. Psychother."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-007-1004-6","article-title":"Developmental psychopathology of children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome\u2013impact of ADHD","volume":"16","author":"Roessner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-011-0163-7","article-title":"European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Part II: pharmacological treatment","volume":"20","author":"Roessner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-979218","article-title":"Antidepressant action of sulpiride. Results of a placebo-controlled double-blind trial","volume":"32","author":"Ruther","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CHI.0000046897.27264.46","article-title":"Pharmacodynamics of ziprasidone in children and adolescents: impact on dopamine transmission","volume":"42","author":"Sallee","year":"2003","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200003000-00010","article-title":"Ziprasidone treatment of children and adolescents with Tourette's syndrome: a pilot study","volume":"39","author":"Sallee","year":"2000","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.8.1057","article-title":"Relative efficacy of haloperidol and pimozide in children and adolescents with Tourette's disorder","volume":"154","author":"Sallee","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(03)00060-6","article-title":"Pharmacological management of tics in patients with TS","volume":"55","author":"Sandor","year":"2003","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurx.2006.01.009","article-title":"Contemporary assessment and pharmacotherapy of Tourette syndrome","volume":"3","author":"Scahill","year":"2006","journal-title":"NeuroRx"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2009.10.003","article-title":"Tic disorders: administrative prevalence and co-occurrence with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in a German community sample","volume":"26","author":"Schlander","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0001-690X.2004.00214.x","article-title":"Dopamine transporter binding in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: a [123I]FP-CIT\/SPECT study","volume":"109","author":"Serra-Mestres","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib69","first-page":"185","article-title":"Sulpiride addition in a case of fluvoxamine-refractory obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder without comorbid psychopathology","volume":"25","author":"Sevincok","year":"2000","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Psychiatry Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.45.7.1419","article-title":"Risperidone in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome","volume":"45","author":"Shulman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000311389.26145.95","article-title":"Assessment: botulinum neurotoxin for the treatment of movement disorders (an evidence-based review): report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology","volume":"70","author":"Simpson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-010-0095-4","article-title":"Treatment of tics and Tourette syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Singer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Treat. Options Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410300408","article-title":"Abnormal dopamine uptake sites in postmortem striatum from patients with Tourette's syndrome","volume":"30","author":"Singer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2005.084657","article-title":"Beck Depression Inventory is a useful screening tool for major depressive disorder in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome","volume":"77","author":"Snijders","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054707306109","article-title":"Atomoxetine treatment of ADHD in children with comorbid Tourette syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Spencer","year":"2008","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Atten. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21809","article-title":"Extrastriatal dopaminergic dysfunction in Tourette syndrome","volume":"67","author":"Steeves","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318068fbcc","article-title":"Tourette syndrome and tic disorders: a decade of progress","volume":"46","author":"Swain","year":"2007","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-011-0167-3","article-title":"European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Part III: behavioural and psychosocial interventions","volume":"20","author":"Verdellen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0b013e31823f6933","article-title":"Relationship of obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder to age-related comorbidity in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome","volume":"33","author":"Wanderer","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Dev. Behav. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib80","unstructured":"Weisman, H., Qureshi, I.A., Leckman, J.F., Scahill, L., Bloch, M.H., Systematic review: pharmacological treatment of tic disorders \u2013 efficacy of antipsychotic and alpha-2 adrenergic agonist agents. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev., in press."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib81","first-page":"1243","article-title":"D2-like dopamine receptor density in Tourette syndrome measured by PET","volume":"38","author":"Wong","year":"1997","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Nucl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mnm.0000239485.53780.16","article-title":"Evaluating dopamine transporter activity with 99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT in drug-naive Tourette's adults","volume":"27","author":"Yeh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nucl. Med. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2007.01.003","article-title":"Phasic dysfunction of dopamine transmission in Tourette's syndrome evaluated with (99m)Tc TRODAT-1 imaging","volume":"156","author":"Yeh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.01.069","article-title":"Frontal dopaminergic abnormality in Tourette syndrome: a postmortem analysis","volume":"255","author":"Yoon","year":"2007","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-011-0249-y","article-title":"Peer victimization in youth with Tourette syndrome and other chronic tic disorders","volume":"43","author":"Zinner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry Hum. Dev."}],"container-title":["Neuropharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0028390812002511?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0028390812002511?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]],"date-time":"2023-06-23T20:30:10Z","timestamp":1687552210000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0028390812002511"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"references-count":85,"alternative-id":["S0028390812002511"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.05.043","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-3908"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-3908","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]}}}