{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:59:32Z","timestamp":1792673972228,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81671857"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81671857"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuropharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,10]],"date-time":"2018-12-10T07:24:39Z","timestamp":1544426679000},"page":"252-263","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Anti-cholinergics mecamylamine and scopolamine alleviate motion sickness-induced gastrointestinal symptoms through both peripheral and central actions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Ruirui","family":"Qi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leilei","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqi","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junqin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiling","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(98)00408-X","article-title":"Gastric related neurons in the rat medial vestibular nucleus","volume":"250","author":"Aleksandrov","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2S","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/69.supplement_1.2S","article-title":"Physiology of nausea and vomiting","volume":"69","author":"Andrews","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2014.00055","article-title":"The effect of transdermal scopolamine for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting","volume":"5","author":"Antor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2013.10.007","article-title":"The role of motion platform on postural instability and head vibration exposure at driving simulators","volume":"33","author":"Aykent","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Mov. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.10.075","article-title":"Anthriscus nemorosa essential oil inhalation prevents memory impairment, anxiety and depression in scopolamine-treated rats","volume":"84","author":"Bagci","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00227260","article-title":"Vestibular nucleus projections to the parabrachial nucleus in rabbits: implications for vestibular influences on the autonomic nervous system","volume":"108","author":"Balaban","year":"1996","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(02)00935-6","article-title":"Neural substrates linking balance control and anxiety","volume":"77","author":"Balaban","year":"2002","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2003.10.026","article-title":"Projections from the parabrachial nucleus to the vestibular nuclei: potential substrates for autonomic and limbic influences on vestibular responses","volume":"996","author":"Balaban","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00228409","article-title":"Vestibular nucleus projections to nucleus tractus solitarius and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve: potential substrates for vestibulo-autonomic interactions","volume":"98","author":"Balaban","year":"1994","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-1998-8102","article-title":"Neuroanatomic substrates for vestibulo-autonomic interactions","volume":"8","author":"Balaban","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Vestib. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2016.07.003","article-title":"What is nausea? A historical analysis of changing views","volume":"202","author":"Balaban","year":"2017","journal-title":"Auton. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3175","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00499.2002","article-title":"Responses of primate caudal parabrachial nucleus and Kolliker-fuse nucleus neurons to whole body rotation","volume":"88","author":"Balaban","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086730","article-title":"Identification of neural networks that contribute to motion sickness through principal components analysis of fos labeling induced by galvanic vestibular stimulation","volume":"9","author":"Balaban","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(87)90250-2","article-title":"Further studies on nicotine-induced emesis: nicotinic mediation in area postrema","volume":"39","author":"Beleslin","year":"1987","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(87)90262-0","article-title":"Noradrenaline-induced emesis. Alpha-2 adrenoceptor mediation in the area postrema","volume":"26","author":"Beleslin","year":"1987","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(83)90164-8","article-title":"Central nicotinic receptors: vomiting, ear twitching and panting","volume":"11","author":"Beleslin","year":"1983","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12043","article-title":"Cannabidiolic acid prevents vomiting in Suncus murinus and nausea-induced behaviour in rats by enhancing 5-HT1A receptor activation","volume":"168","author":"Bolognini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.108.140897","article-title":"Continuous and intermittent nicotine treatment reduces L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA)-induced dyskinesias in a rat model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"327","author":"Bordia","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therapeut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib19","first-page":"CD006103","article-title":"Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation","author":"Cahill","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2007.01.079","article-title":"Glutamatergic vestibular neurons express Fos after vestibular stimulation and project to the NTS and the PBN in rats","volume":"417","author":"Cai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2010.06.011","article-title":"Decreased Fos protein expression in rat caudal vestibular nucleus is associated with motion sickness habituation","volume":"480","author":"Cai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.3357\/ASEM.2903.2011","article-title":"Various anti-motion sickness drugs and core body temperature changes","volume":"82","author":"Cheung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aviat. Space Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03670.x","article-title":"Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on vagal afferent neurons","volume":"940","author":"Cooper","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199905140-00030","article-title":"Rotation-induced conditioned rejection in the taste reactivity test","volume":"10","author":"Cordick","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib25","first-page":"462","article-title":"A stimulator for laboratory studies of motion sickness in cats","volume":"56","author":"Crampton","year":"1985","journal-title":"Aviat. Space Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/63.2.138","article-title":"Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes in the rat sympathetic ganglion: pharmacological characterization, subcellular distribution and effect of pre- and postganglionic nerve crush","volume":"63","author":"Del Signore","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.08.039","article-title":"Conditioned gaping produced by high dose Delta(9)-tetrahydracannabinol: dysregulation of the hypothalamic endocannabinoid system","volume":"141","author":"DeVuono","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2009.04.031","article-title":"Motion sickness may be caused by a neurohumoral action of acetylcholine","volume":"73","author":"Eisenman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3501","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.051622798","article-title":"alpha 10: a determinant of nicotinic cholinergic receptor function in mammalian vestibular and cochlear mechanosensory hair cells","volume":"98","author":"Elgoyhen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.10211","article-title":"Blockade of neuronal facilitatory nicotinic receptors containing alpha 3 beta 2 subunits contribute to tetanic fade in the rat isolated diaphragm","volume":"49","author":"Faria","year":"2003","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-1047(88)90954-5","article-title":"Conditioned taste aversion induced by motion is prevented by selective vagotomy in the rat","volume":"50","author":"Fox","year":"1988","journal-title":"Behav. Neural. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1097\/WNF.0b013e31823dc125","article-title":"A comparison of cinnarizine and transdermal scopolamine for the prevention of seasickness in naval crew: a double-blind, randomized, crossover study","volume":"35","author":"Gil","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2010.09.009","article-title":"The effect of smoking nicotine tobacco versus smoking deprivation on motion sickness","volume":"160","author":"Golding","year":"2011","journal-title":"Auton. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(99)00121-3","article-title":"Effect of central and peripheral cholinergic antagonists on chlorpyrifos-induced changes in body temperature in the rat","volume":"142","author":"Gordon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53491-0.00027-4","article-title":"Pathology of emesis: its autonomic basis","volume":"117","author":"Hasler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Handb. Clin. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(96)01046-3","article-title":"Expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor mRNA in the adult rat peripheral vestibular system","volume":"738","author":"Hiel","year":"1996","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2012.07.024","article-title":"alpha7 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist attenuates neuropathological changes associated with intracerebral hemorrhage in mice","volume":"222","author":"Hijioka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib38","first-page":"G52","article-title":"Effects of erythromycin in the dog upper gastrointestinal tract","volume":"263","author":"Holle","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2471","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-014-3985-y","article-title":"Measuring the nausea-to-emesis continuum in non-human animals: refocusing on gastrointestinal vagal signaling","volume":"232","author":"Horn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/annotation\/1c75cd5d-9dde-4ace-8524-a4980745e804","article-title":"Why can't rodents vomit? A comparative behavioral, anatomical, and physiological study","volume":"8","author":"Horn","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2012.08.012","article-title":"Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: from basic science to therapeutics","volume":"137","author":"Hurst","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1006\/phrs.1997.0133","article-title":"Clonidine-induced emesis: a multitransmitter pathway concept","volume":"35","author":"Japundzic-Zigon","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00240.2001","article-title":"Peripheral cholinergic pathway modulates hyperthermia induced by stress in rats exposed to open-field stress","volume":"92","author":"Johnson Rowsey","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib44","first-page":"1189","article-title":"Slow deep breathing prevents the development of tachygastria and symptoms of motion sickness","volume":"70","author":"Jokerst","year":"1999","journal-title":"Aviat. Space Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(94)00622-E","article-title":"The role of alpha-adrenergic mechanisms within the area postrema in dopamine-induced emesis","volume":"272","author":"Jovanovic-Micic","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2012.12.021","article-title":"Patterns of nicotinic receptor antagonism II: cardiovascular effects in rats","volume":"131","author":"Jutkiewicz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib47","first-page":"243","article-title":"Gastric relaxation induced by electrical and chemical stimulation of the area postrema in the rat","volume":"27","author":"Kawachi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gen. Physiol. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.12763","article-title":"Effects of presynaptic muscarinic cholinoreceptor blockade on neuromuscular transmission as assessed by the train-of-four and the tetanic fade response to rocuronium","volume":"44","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2709","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-016-4675-8","article-title":"Postural sway in men and women during nauseogenic motion of the illuminated environment","volume":"234","author":"Koslucher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib50","first-page":"214","article-title":"Substance P in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus evokes gastric motor inhibition via neurokinin 1 receptor in rat","volume":"293","author":"Krowicki","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therapeut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(93)90054-F","article-title":"Efferent projections from the parabrachial nucleus demonstrated with the anterograde tracer Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin","volume":"30","author":"Krukoff","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.08.013","article-title":"Nicotine evokes kinetic tremor by activating the inferior olive via alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors","volume":"314","author":"Kunisawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2493","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-014-4008-8","article-title":"Motion sickness: more than nausea and vomiting","volume":"232","author":"Lackner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib54","first-page":"G92","article-title":"Functional localization of specific receptors mediating gastrointestinal motor correlates of vomiting","volume":"256","author":"Lang","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2011.06.044","article-title":"alpha4beta2 neuronal nicotinic receptor positive allosteric modulation: an approach for improving the therapeutic index of alpha4beta2 nAChR agonists in pain","volume":"82","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9937","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4940-12.2013","article-title":"Rapid sensitization of physiological, neuronal, and locomotor effects of nicotine: critical role of peripheral drug actions","volume":"33","author":"Lenoir","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2007.02.019","article-title":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype expression in avian vestibular hair cells, nerve terminals and ganglion cells","volume":"146","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2007.08.024","article-title":"Exposure to a context previously associated with nausea elicits conditioned gaping in rats: a model of anticipatory nausea","volume":"187","author":"Limebeer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib59","first-page":"1975","article-title":"Results of a randomized double-blind crossover trial of scopolamine versus placebo administered by transdermal patch for the control of cisplatin-induced emesis","volume":"66","author":"Longo","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2016.08.018","article-title":"Effects of naloxone on motion sickness in cats alone and with broad spectrum antiemetics","volume":"202","author":"Lucot","year":"2017","journal-title":"Auton. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib61","first-page":"R284","article-title":"Surgical and pharmacological dissociation of cardiovascular and emetic responses to intragastric CuSO4","volume":"263","author":"Makale","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(85)90329-4","article-title":"Appropriateness of kaolin consumption as an index of motion sickness in the rat","volume":"35","author":"McCaffrey","year":"1985","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-008-1359-z","article-title":"Responses of caudal vestibular nucleus neurons of conscious cats to rotations in vertical planes, before and after a bilateral vestibular neurectomy","volume":"188","author":"Miller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00010","article-title":"Quantifying effects of pharmacological blockers of cardiac autonomous control using variability parameters","volume":"8","author":"Miyabara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00970.2004","article-title":"Effects of bilateral vestibular nucleus lesions on cardiovascular regulation in conscious cats","volume":"98","author":"Mori","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1159\/000275989","article-title":"Pica as an index of motion sickness in rats","volume":"50","author":"Morita","year":"1988","journal-title":"ORL J. Otorhinolaryngol. Relat. Spec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d7430","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d7430","article-title":"Managing motion sickness","volume":"343","author":"Murdin","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2006.07.020","article-title":"Motion and space sickness: intestinal and autonomic correlates","volume":"129","author":"Muth","year":"2006","journal-title":"Auton. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1139\/y95-006","article-title":"Gastrointestinal motor inhibition by exogenous human, salmon, and eel calcitonin in conscious dogs","volume":"73","author":"Nakamura","year":"1995","journal-title":"Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.4161\/23328940.2014.982047","article-title":"Motion sickness, nausea and thermoregulation: the \"toxic\" hypothesis","volume":"1","author":"Nalivaiko","year":"2014","journal-title":"Temperature (Austin)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.1732","article-title":"Thermoregulatory correlates of nausea in rats and musk shrews","volume":"5","author":"Ngampramuan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2013.04.005","article-title":"Potential therapeutic uses of mecamylamine and its stereoisomers","volume":"108","author":"Nickell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-006-0217-6","article-title":"Motion sickness increases the risk of accidental hypothermia","volume":"98","author":"Nobel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2010.04.004","article-title":"Histaminergic and cholinergic neuron systems in the impairment of human thermoregulation during motion sickness","volume":"82","author":"Nobel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03332964","article-title":"Defecation as an index of motion sickness in the rat","author":"Ossenkopp","year":"1982","journal-title":"Physiol. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(94)90201-1","article-title":"Reductions in body temperature and spontaneous activity in rats exposed to horizontal rotation: abolition following chemical labyrinthectomy","volume":"56","author":"Ossenkopp","year":"1994","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.117.1.105","article-title":"Vestibular lesions selectively abolish body rotation-induced, but not lithium-induced, conditioned taste aversions (oral rejection responses) in rats","volume":"117","author":"Ossenkopp","year":"2003","journal-title":"Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2013.09.070","article-title":"Conditioned flavor avoidance and conditioned gaping: rat models of conditioned nausea","volume":"722","author":"Parker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2006.07.022","article-title":"Conditioned gaping in rats: a selective measure of nausea","volume":"129","author":"Parker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Auton. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1037\/a0012531","article-title":"Conditioned nausea in rats: assessment by conditioned disgust reactions, rather than conditioned taste avoidance","volume":"62","author":"Parker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Can. J. Exp. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-016-4277-y","article-title":"A comparison of novel, selective fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), monoacyglycerol lipase (MAGL) or dual FAAH\/MAGL inhibitors to suppress acute and anticipatory nausea in rat models","volume":"233","author":"Parker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-009-1630-4","article-title":"Nicotine-conditioned place preference induced CREB phosphorylation and Fos expression in the adult rat brain","volume":"207","author":"Pascual","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(94)90078-7","article-title":"Hypothermia induced by cholinomimetic drugs is blocked by galanin: possible involvement of ATP-sensitive K+ channels","volume":"255","author":"Patel","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1134\/S1607672916030030","article-title":"Enhanced brain penetration of hexamethonium in complexes with derivatives of fullerene C60","volume":"468","author":"Piotrovskiy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dokl. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2003.09.027","article-title":"Gene expression in autonomic areas of the medulla and the central nucleus of the amygdala in rats during and after space flight","volume":"124","author":"Pompeiano","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1993.tb13437.x","article-title":"Effects of cholinoceptor and 5-hydroxytryptamine3 receptor antagonism on erythromycin-induced canine intestinal motility disruption and emesis","volume":"108","author":"Qin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0b013e32834a5be1","article-title":"Efferent modulation of hair cell function","volume":"19","author":"Rabbitt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3353","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-016-4378-7","article-title":"Effect of combined oral doses of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) on acute and anticipatory nausea in rat models","volume":"233","author":"Rock","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/S1566-0702(00)00234-4","article-title":"A peripheral mechanism of fever: differential sensitivity to the antipyretic action of methyl scopolamine","volume":"85","author":"Rowsey","year":"2000","journal-title":"Auton. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1994.tb01070.x","article-title":"The involvement of muscarinic receptor subtypes in the mediation of hypothermia, tremor, and salivation in male mice","volume":"74","author":"Sanchez","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3908(01)00093-4","article-title":"Induction of Fos-immunostaining by nicotine and nicotinic receptor antagonists in rat brain","volume":"41","author":"Seppa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-2011-0417","article-title":"Motion sickness: a cholinomimetic agent hypothesis","volume":"21","author":"Sheehan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Vestib. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026651518373","article-title":"Intragastric capsaicin stimulates motility of upper gut and proximal colon via distinct pathways in conscious dogs","volume":"44","author":"Shibata","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1001416","article-title":"Mecamylamine (Inversine): an old antihypertensive with new research directions","volume":"16","author":"Shytle","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Hum. Hypertens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2014.12.029","article-title":"Scopolamine and amphetamine produce similar decision-making deficits on a rat gambling task via independent pathways","volume":"281","author":"Silveira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib96","first-page":"710","article-title":"Pharmacological activity and safety profile of P10358, a novel, orally active acetylcholinesterase inhibitor for Alzheimer's disease","volume":"280","author":"Smith","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therapeut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-130494","article-title":"Neuropharmacological basis of vestibular system disorder treatment","volume":"23","author":"Soto","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Vestib. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002851.pub4","article-title":"Scopolamine (hyoscine) for preventing and treating motion sickness","author":"Spinks","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2015.10.039","article-title":"Endocannabinoid regulation of nausea is mediated by 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in the rat visceral insular cortex","volume":"102","author":"Sticht","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0066949","article-title":"Getting your sea legs","volume":"8","author":"Stoffregen","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib101","first-page":"169","article-title":"Ganglionic blocking properties of 3-methylaminoisocamphane hydrochloride (mecamylamine): a secondary amine","volume":"117","author":"Stone","year":"1956","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therapeut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib102","first-page":"614","article-title":"Motion sickness in cats: a symptom rating scale used in laboratory and flight tests","volume":"50","author":"Suri","year":"1979","journal-title":"Aviat. Space Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.03.012","article-title":"Alpha-9 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors mediate hypothermic responses elicited by provocative motion in mice","volume":"174","author":"Tu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3791\/51605","article-title":"Behavioral assessment of the aging mouse vestibular system","author":"Tung","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/S1566-0702(02)00141-8","article-title":"Role of the autonomic nervous system in emetic and cardiovascular responses in Suncus murinus","volume":"100","author":"Uchino","year":"2002","journal-title":"Auton. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib106","series-title":"Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals","author":"(U.S). NRC","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2016.09.011","article-title":"The challenges of modulating the 'rest and digest' system: acetylcholine receptors as drug targets","volume":"22","author":"VanPatten","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.04.041","article-title":"Temporal change in NMDA receptor signaling and GABAA receptor expression in rat caudal vestibular nucleus during motion sickness habituation","volume":"1461","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib109","article-title":"Differential gene expression profile in the rat caudal vestibular nucleus is associated with individual differences in motion sickness susceptibility","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.3357\/AMHP.4438.2016","article-title":"Motion sickness and resting energy expenditure in Chinese male adults","volume":"87","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aerosp. Med. Hum. Perform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43385","DOI":"10.1038\/srep43385","article-title":"Storage of passive motion pattern in hippocampal CA1 region depends on CaMKII\/CREB signaling pathway in a motion sickness rodent model","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2013.05.016","article-title":"Neuronal nicotinic receptor agonists improve gait and balance in olivocerebellar ataxia","volume":"73","author":"Wecker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881115598414","article-title":"Restricted sedation and absence of cognitive impairments after administration of intranasal scopolamine","volume":"29","author":"Weerts","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(01)80059-X","article-title":"Mecamylamine: new therapeutic uses and toxicity\/risk profile","volume":"23","author":"Young","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Therapeut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12468","article-title":"Motion sickness: current knowledge and recent advance","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2017.00029","article-title":"Sex and age differences in motion sickness in rats: the correlation with blood hormone responses and neuronal activation in the vestibular and autonomic nuclei","volume":"9","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-007-0621-9","article-title":"The effect of nicotine on perceptual, ocular motor, postural, and vegetative functions at rest and in motion","volume":"254","author":"Zingler","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurol."}],"container-title":["Neuropharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0028390818306658?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0028390818306658?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]],"date-time":"2021-01-13T00:57:09Z","timestamp":1610499429000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0028390818306658"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"references-count":117,"alternative-id":["S0028390818306658"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-3908"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-3908","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Anti-cholinergics mecamylamine and scopolamine alleviate motion sickness-induced gastrointestinal symptoms through both peripheral and central actions","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neuropharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.12.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}