{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T11:51:10Z","timestamp":1789041070481,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]],"date-time":"2020-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BO 4229\/1-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BO 4229\/1-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BO 4229\/2-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BO 4229\/2-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuropharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]],"date-time":"2020-10-13T02:07:54Z","timestamp":1602554874000},"page":"108357","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Lithium enhances post-stroke blood-brain barrier integrity, activates the MAPK\/ERK1\/2 pathway and alters immune cell migration in mice"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"181","author":[{"given":"Matteo","family":"Haupt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bozena","family":"Zechmeister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bert","family":"Bosche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Lieschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivek","family":"Venkataramani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengyan","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Hein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin S.","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk M.","family":"Hermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"B\u00e4hr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thorsten R.","family":"Doeppner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib1","first-page":"38","article-title":"Drug resistance in epilepsy: the role of the blood-brain barrier. Novartis Found","volume":"243","author":"Abbott","year":"2002","journal-title":"Symp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1097\/WNF.0000000000000028","article-title":"The effect of lithium in post-stroke motor recovery. Clin","volume":"37","author":"Abdollahi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-016-0483-x","article-title":"Inflammation and stroke: an overview","volume":"13","author":"Anrather","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2908","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000100158.51986.EB","article-title":"Extracellular concentrations of non-transmitter amino acids in peri-infarct tissue of patients predict malignant middle cerebral artery infarction","volume":"34","author":"Bosche","year":"2003","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000204054.30458.e8","article-title":"There is more to it than: the greater the infarction volume, the more probable is a malignant MCA infarction","volume":"37","author":"Bosche","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e126","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.009131","article-title":"Letter by Bosche and Macdonald regarding article, \u201crelevance of blood-brain barrier disruption after endovascular treatment of ischemic stroke: dual-energy computed tomographic study\u201d","volume":"46","author":"Bosche","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-019-00735-6","article-title":"Complex clearance mechanisms after intraventricular hemorrhage and rt-PA treatment-a review on clinical trials","volume":"11","author":"Bosche","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Stroke Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2016.02.004","article-title":"A differential impact of lithium on endothelium-dependent but not on endothelium-independent vessel relaxation. Prog","volume":"67","author":"Bosche","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuro-Psychopharmacology Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2016.00593","article-title":"Low-dose lithium stabilizes human endothelial barrier by decreasing MLC phosphorylation and universally augments cholinergic vasorelaxation capacity in a direct manner","volume":"7","author":"Bosche","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2013.03.047","article-title":"Lithium prevents early cytosolic calcium increase and secondary injurious calcium overload in glycolytically inhibited endothelial cells","volume":"434","author":"Bosche","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2012.98","article-title":"The immunology of acute stroke","author":"Chamorro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-013-8538-z","article-title":"MMP-9 inhibition: a therapeutic strategy in ischemic stroke","volume":"49","author":"Chaturvedi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib11","article-title":"GSK-3 as a target for lithium-induced neuroprotection against excitotoxicity in neuronal cultures and animal models of ischemic stroke","volume":"4","author":"Chuang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(01)02310-2","article-title":"An investigation of the neuroprotective effect of lithium in organotypic slice cultures of rat hippocampus exposed to oxygen and glucose deprivation","volume":"315","author":"Cimarosti","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1179\/174313209X459101","article-title":"Exercise pre-conditioning reduces brain inflammation in stroke via tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1\/2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity","volume":"32","author":"Curry","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib14","article-title":"The blood\u2013brain barrier. Cold Spring Harb","volume":"7","author":"Daneman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(99)01401-0","article-title":"Pathobiology of ischaemic stroke: an integrated view","volume":"22","author":"Dirnagl","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2010.211","article-title":"Acute hepatocyte growth factor treatment induces long-term neuroprotection and stroke recovery via mechanisms involving neural precursor cell proliferation and differentiation","volume":"31","author":"Doeppner","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cerebr. Blood Flow Metabol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X16647738","article-title":"Lithium-induced neuroprotection in stroke involves increased miR-124 expression, reduced RE1-silencing transcription factor abundance and decreased protein deubiquitination by GSK3\u03b2 inhibition-independent pathways","volume":"37","author":"Doeppner","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cerebr. Blood Flow Metabol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-014-1943-x","article-title":"Protective effects of lithium chloride treatment on repeated cerebral ischemia\u2013reperfusion injury in mice","volume":"36","author":"Fan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2531","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1400918","article-title":"Inducible nitric oxide synthase in neutrophils and endothelium contributes to ischemic brain injury in mice","volume":"193","author":"Garcia-Bonilla","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199909000-00010","article-title":"Early appearance of activated matrix metalloproteinase-9 after focal cerebral ischemia in mice: a possible role in blood\u2014brain barrier dysfunction","volume":"19","author":"Gasche","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Cerebr. Blood Flow Metabol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib21","first-page":"1216","article-title":"Interaction of free radicals, matrix metalloproteinases and caveolin-1 impacts blood-brain barrier permeability","volume":"3","author":"Gu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2011.07542.x","article-title":"Caveolin-1 regulates nitric oxide-mediated matrix metalloproteinases activity and blood-brain barrier permeability in focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury","volume":"120","author":"Gu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2916","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.010620","article-title":"Role of neutrophils in exacerbation of brain injury after focal cerebral ischemia in hyperlipidemic mice","volume":"46","author":"Herz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600482","article-title":"T- and B-cell-deficient mice with experimental stroke have reduced lesion size and inflammation","volume":"27","author":"Hurn","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Cerebr. Blood Flow Metabol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2017.10.001","article-title":"Blood-brain barrier dysfunction and recovery after ischemic stroke","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(01)01800-6","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor KB-R7785 attenuates brain damage resulting from permanent focal cerebral ischemia in mice","volume":"305","author":"Jiang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-011-9496-4","article-title":"Specific role of tight junction proteins claudin-5, occludin, and ZO-1 of the blood-brain barrier in a focal cerebral ischemic insult","volume":"44","author":"Jiao","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V93.3.1075","article-title":"P-glycoprotein protects leukemia cells against caspase-dependent, but not caspase-independent, cell death","volume":"93","author":"Johnstone","year":"1999","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600198","article-title":"Anti-VCAM-1 antibodies did not protect against ischemic damage either in rats or in mice","volume":"26","author":"Justicia","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Cerebr. Blood Flow Metabol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199812000-00008","article-title":"Deficiency of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 attenuates microcirculatory disturbance and infarction size in focal cerebral ischemia","volume":"18","author":"Kitagawa","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Cerebr. Blood Flow Metabol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3835","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-10-249078","article-title":"Early detrimental T-cell effects in experimental cerebral ischemia are neither related to adaptive immunity nor thrombus formation","volume":"115","author":"Kleinschnitz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1109\/TNB.2016.2604322","article-title":"On chip bioelectric impedance spectroscopy reveals the effect of P-Glycoprotein efflux \u00fcumps on the paracellular impedance of tight junctions at the blood\u2013brain barrier","volume":"15","author":"Kraya","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. NanoBioscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2014.199","article-title":"Blood-brain barrier breakdown involves four distinct stages of vascular damage in various models of experimental focal cerebral ischemia","volume":"35","author":"Krueger","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cerebr. Blood Flow Metabol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib34","first-page":"707","article-title":"The significance of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in the ischemic stroke. Int","volume":"124","author":"Kurzepa","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.03.004","article-title":"Neuronal mdr-1 gene expression after experimental focal hypoxia: a new obstacle for neuroprotection?","volume":"258","author":"Lazarowski","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-014-0354-x","article-title":"Evaluation of the protective potential of brain microvascular endothelial cell autophagy on blood-brain barrier integrity during experimental cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transl. Stroke Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23815","article-title":"Adoptive regulatory T-cell therapy protects against cerebral ischemia","volume":"74","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib38","first-page":"137","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"Glycogen synthas kinase-3beta, mood stabilizers, and neuroprotection"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2619","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.118.024766","article-title":"Cerebral edema associated with large hemispheric infarction","volume":"50","author":"Liebeskind","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2014.05.022","article-title":"Endophilin-1 regulates blood\u2013brain barrier permeability by controlling ZO-1 and occludin expression via the EGFR\u2013ERK1\/2 pathway","volume":"1573","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.113.301207","article-title":"Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 inhibits MMP-9-mediated blood-brain-barrier breakdown in a mouse model for ischemic stroke","volume":"113","author":"Ludewig","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib41","first-page":"161","article-title":"Lithium: a molecular transducer of mood-stabilization in the treatment of bipolar disorder","volume":"19","author":"Manji","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.138057","article-title":"GSK-3-at the crossroads of cell death and survival","volume":"127","author":"Maurer","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib43","first-page":"773","volume":"70","author":"Medsker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Matrix metalloproteinases as therapeutic targets for stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-009-9943-6","article-title":"Reduction of brain infarction induced by a transient brain ischemia in mdr1a knockout mice","volume":"34","author":"Murozono","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1462","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1995.268.4.H1462","article-title":"Initiation of hyperpermeability in energy-depleted coronary endothelial monolayers","volume":"268","author":"Noll","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2836","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.554824","article-title":"Plasma and brain matrix metalloproteinase-9 after acute focal cerebral ischemia in rats","volume":"40","author":"Park","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib47","article-title":"Isolation and flow cytometric analysis of immune cells from the ischemic mouse brain","volume":"2016","author":"P\u00f6sel","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1023\/B:CEMN.0000012728.19117.73","article-title":"Transient expression of MDR-1\/P-Glycoprotein in a model of partial cortical devascularization","volume":"24","author":"Ramos","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6210","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0937423100","article-title":"Postinsult treatment with lithium reduces brain damage and facilitates neurological recovery in a rat ischemia\/reperfusion model","volume":"100","author":"Ren","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11169","DOI":"10.1021\/bi9627830","article-title":"Human MDR 1 protein overexpression delays the apoptotic cascade in Chinese hamster ovary fibroblasts","volume":"36","author":"Robinson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.500868","article-title":"MMP-9\u2013positive neutrophil infiltration is associated to blood\u2013brain barrier breakdown and basal lamina type IV collagen degradation during hemorrhagic transformation after human ischemic stroke","volume":"39","author":"Rosell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.21604","article-title":"Dual roles of the MAPK\/ERK1\/2 cell signaling pathway after stroke","author":"Sawe","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib53","article-title":"Modulation of early [Ca2+]i rise in metabolically inhibited endothelial cells by xestospongin C. Am. J. Physiol. - hear. Circ","volume":"280","author":"Sch\u00e4fer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-409X(98)00085-4","article-title":"P-Glycoprotein, a gatekeeper in the blood-brain barrier","author":"Schinkel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/s10517-016-3159-y","article-title":"Protection of neurovascular unit cells with lithium chloride and sodium valproate prevents brain damage in neonatal ischemia\/hypoxia","volume":"160","author":"Silachev","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bull. Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1676","article-title":"Inhibition of multidrug resistance transporter-1 facilitates neuroprotective therapies after focal cerebral ischemia","volume":"9","author":"Spudich","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000106479.53235.3E","article-title":"Inhibition of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 protein expression by antisense oligonucleotides is neuroprotective after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rat","volume":"35","author":"Vemuganti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000217262.03192.d4","article-title":"Deletion of cellular prion protein results in reduced Akt activation, enhanced postischemic caspase-3 activation, and exacerbation of ischemic brain injury","volume":"37","author":"Weise","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000441965.15164.d6","article-title":"Recommendations for the management of cerebral and cerebellar infarction with swelling: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association","volume":"45","author":"Wijdicks","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2016.05.001","article-title":"Functions and mechanisms of microglia\/macrophages in neuroinflammation and neurogenesis after stroke","volume":"142","author":"Xiong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000066308.25088.64","article-title":"Chronic treatment with a low dose of lithium protects the brain against ischemic injury by reducing apoptotic death","volume":"34","author":"Xu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.03.038","article-title":"Single-nucleotide polymorphisms of tight junction component claudin-1 associated with leukoaraiosis","volume":"24","author":"Yadav","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2009.12.001","article-title":"Complement in neuroprotection and neurodegeneration","volume":"16","author":"Yanamadala","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600375","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinase-mediated disruption of tight junction proteins in cerebral vessels is reversed by synthetic matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor in focal ischemia in rat","volume":"27","author":"Yang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Cerebr. Blood Flow Metabol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2011.1942","article-title":"Lithium ameliorates neurodegeneration, suppresses neuroinflammation, and improves behavioral performance in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury","volume":"29","author":"Yu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0270(97)00065-4","article-title":"Zymographic measurement of gelatinase activity in brain tissue after detergent extraction and affinity-support purification","volume":"76","author":"Zhang","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"}],"container-title":["Neuropharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0028390820304251?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0028390820304251?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T09:57:32Z","timestamp":1777456652000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0028390820304251"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"references-count":69,"alternative-id":["S0028390820304251"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-3908"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-3908","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Lithium enhances post-stroke blood-brain barrier integrity, activates the MAPK\/ERK1\/2 pathway and alters immune cell migration in mice","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neuropharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108357","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108357"}}