{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T09:40:37Z","timestamp":1773308437373,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,1]],"date-time":"2004-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1072915200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,1]],"date-time":"2004-04-01T05:27:20Z","timestamp":1080797240000},"page":"427-439","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Inhibition of calpains, by treatment with leupeptin, improves motoneuron survival and muscle function in models of motoneuron degeneration"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"Kieran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Greensmith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(95)90186-8","article-title":"Glutamate-induced neuronal death","volume":"15","author":"Ankarcrona","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(92)90114-S","article-title":"Purification of embryonic rat motoneurons by panning on a monoclonal antibody to the low-affinity NGF receptor","volume":"44","author":"Camu","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-02-00589.2000","article-title":"Proteasome involvement and accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins in cerebellar granule neurons undergoing apoptosis","volume":"20","author":"Canu","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4069","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-13-04069.1996","article-title":"Motor neurons are selectively vulnerable to AMPA\/kainate receptor-mediated injury in vitro","volume":"16","author":"Carriedo","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-01-00240.2000","article-title":"AMPA exposures induce mitochondrial Ca(2+) overload and ROS generation in spinal motor neurons in vitro","volume":"20","author":"Carriedo","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200103050-00022","article-title":"Caspase inhibitors promote the survival of avulsed spinal motoneurons in neonatal rats","volume":"12","author":"Chan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(88)90162-6","article-title":"Glutamate neurotoxicity and diseases of the nervous system","volume":"1","author":"Choi","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1964.sp007444","article-title":"Dynamic properties of fast and slow skeletal muscles of the rat during development","volume":"173","author":"Close","year":"1964","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1991.sp018461","article-title":"Temporary loss of activity prevents the increase of motor unit size in partially denervated rat soleus muscles","volume":"434","author":"Connold","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S1385-299X(96)00010-4","article-title":"A simple method for local delivery of various substances to the rat neuromuscular system","volume":"1","author":"Connold","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain Res Brain Res Protoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046_BIB11","unstructured":"Cullings CFA (1963) Handbook of histopathological techniques. London: Butterworths."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-8966(94)00088-Q","article-title":"Blocking of NMDA receptors during a critical stage of development reduces the effects of nerve injury at birth on muscles and motoneurones","volume":"5","author":"Dick","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neuromuscul Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(01)00417-8","article-title":"Leupeptin protects cochlear and vestibular hair cells from gentamicin ototoxicity","volume":"164","author":"Ding","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(02)00013-8","article-title":"Very early activation of m-calpain in peripheral nerve during Wallerian degeneration","volume":"196","author":"Glass","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(92)90129-K","article-title":"Alterations of nerve-muscle interaction during postnatal development influence motoneurone survival in rats","volume":"69","author":"Greensmith","year":"1992","journal-title":"Brain Res Dev Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(94)90302-6","article-title":"Blockade of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors by MK-801 (dizocilpine maleate) rescues motoneurones in developing rats","volume":"81","author":"Greensmith","year":"1994","journal-title":"Brain Res Dev Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(94)90450-2","article-title":"Nerve injury increases the susceptibility of motoneurons to N-methyl-d-aspartate-induced neurotoxicity in the developing rat","volume":"58","author":"Greensmith","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(96)83016-8","article-title":"Stabilizing neuromuscular contacts increases motoneuron survival after neonatal nerve injury in rats","volume":"70","author":"Harding","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(99)00184-0","article-title":"Stabilizing neuromuscular contacts reduces motoneuron death caused by paralysis of muscles in neonatal rats","volume":"93","author":"Harding","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1997.68041612.x","article-title":"Role of calpain- and interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme-like proteases in the beta-amyloid-induced death of rat hippocampal neurons in culture","volume":"68","author":"Jordan","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5548","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.14.5548","article-title":"Identification of calcium-activated neutral protease as a processing enzyme of human interleukin 1 alpha","volume":"87","author":"Kobayashi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00120-1","article-title":"The role of apoptosis and excitotoxicity in the death of spinal motoneurons and interneurons after neonatal nerve injury","volume":"87","author":"Lawson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0004986","article-title":"Calcium and neuronal death","volume":"132","author":"Leist","year":"1998","journal-title":"Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19980629)396:2<158::AID-CNE2>3.0.CO;2-#","article-title":"Characterization of spinal motoneuron degeneration following different types of peripheral nerve injury in neonatal and adult mice","volume":"396","author":"Li","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(87)90086-1","article-title":"Permanent changes in muscle and motoneurones induced by nerve injury during a critical period of development of the rat","volume":"428","author":"Lowrie","year":"1987","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(93)90253-C","article-title":"Motoneurons destined to die are rescued by blocking N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors by MK-801","volume":"54","author":"Mentis","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199612200-00050","article-title":"Effects of ICE-like protease and calpain inhibitors on neuronal apoptosis","volume":"8","author":"Nath","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3190683","article-title":"Non-erythroid alpha-spectrin breakdown by calpain and interleukin 1 beta-converting-enzyme-like protease(s) in apoptotic cells","volume":"319","author":"Nath","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1984.sp015270","article-title":"Differential effect of nerve injury at birth on the activity pattern of reinnervated slow and fast muscles in the rat","volume":"351","author":"Navarrete","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-6147(99)01304-8","article-title":"Neuronal cell death","volume":"20","author":"Nicotera","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80899-5","article-title":"Development of sensory neurons in the absence of NGF\/TrkA signaling in vivo","volume":"25","author":"Patel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(93)90856-I","article-title":"Protective effects of calpain inhibitors against neuronal damage caused by cytotoxic hypoxia in vitro and ischemia in vivo","volume":"609","author":"Rami","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-0102(96)01123-6","article-title":"Blockade of calpain proteolytic activity rescues neurons from glutamate excitotoxicity","volume":"27","author":"Rami","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurosci Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1993.tb03583.x","article-title":"Aurintricarboxylic acid protects hippocampal neurons from","volume":"61","author":"Roberts-Lewis","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046_BIB35","first-page":"11","article-title":"Motor localisation and the effects of nerve injury on the ventral horn cells of the spinal cord","volume":"80","author":"Romanes","year":"1946","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0305-1846.2001.00332.x","article-title":"Apoptosis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"27","author":"Sathasivam","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902240206","article-title":"Motoneuron death after sciatic nerve section in newborn rats","volume":"224","author":"Schmalbruch","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.318.7191.1118","article-title":"Motor neurone disease","volume":"318","author":"Shaw","year":"1999","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(87)80828-1","article-title":"Calcium-activated neutral protease and its endogenous inhibitor","volume":"220","author":"Suzuki","year":"1987","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(01)00348-7","article-title":"Early expression of glycine and GABA(A) receptors in developing spinal cord neurons","volume":"108","author":"Tapia","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(00)00414-7","article-title":"Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA receptors and selective vulnerability of motor neurons","volume":"180","author":"Van Den Bosch","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3908(02)00010-2","article-title":"An alpha-mercaptoacrylic acid derivative (PD150606) inhibits selective motor neuron death via inhibition of kainate-induced Ca2+ influx and not via calpain inhibition","volume":"42","author":"Van Den Bosch","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(98)00569-1","article-title":"Glial cells potentiate kainate-induced neuronal death in a motoneuron-enriched spinal coculture system","volume":"807","author":"Vandenberghe","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-01-00123.2000","article-title":"AMPA receptor calcium permeability, GluR2 expression, and selective motoneuron vulnerability","volume":"20","author":"Vandenberghe","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1998.0748","article-title":"Caspase-mediated fragmentation of calpain inhibitor protein calpastatin during apoptosis","volume":"356","author":"Wang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046_BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(99)01479-4","article-title":"Calpain and caspase","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046_BIB47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(99)00512-6","article-title":"Repeated stimuli for axonal growth causes motoneuron death in adult rats","volume":"95","author":"White","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuroscience"}],"container-title":["Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S030645220400096X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S030645220400096X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,14]],"date-time":"2019-02-14T04:00:07Z","timestamp":1550116807000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S030645220400096X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S030645220400096X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.046","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-4522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-4522","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]}}}