{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T06:44:43Z","timestamp":1773729883171,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,1]],"date-time":"2006-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1162339200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,18]],"date-time":"2006-08-18T11:13:23Z","timestamp":1155899603000},"page":"1183-1193","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["GABAergic structures in the ventral part of the oral pontine reticular nucleus: An ultrastructural immunogold analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"142","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"de la Roza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Reinoso-Su\u00e1rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(93)90592-4","article-title":"Depolarisation by K* and glutamate activates different neurotransmitter release mechanisms in GABAergic neurons: vesicular versus nonvesicular release of GABA","volume":"54","author":"Belhage","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(94)91939-9","article-title":"REM-enhancing effects of the adrenergic antagonist idazoxan infused into the medial pontine reticular formation of the freely moving cat","volume":"634","author":"Bier","year":"1994","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/7.7.619","article-title":"Estimation of the number of synapses in the cerebral cortex","volume":"7","author":"De Felipe","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9861(20001106)427:1<31::AID-CNE3>3.0.CO;2-T","article-title":"Ultrastructural synaptic organization of axon terminals in the ventral part of the cat oral pontine reticular nucleus","volume":"427","author":"de la Roza","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib5","first-page":"370","article-title":"GABAergic innervation of the ventral part of the oral pontine reticular nucleus: localization of GABA immunoreactive terminals on serotonergic neurons","volume":"27","author":"de la Roza","year":"2001","journal-title":"Soc Neurosci Abstr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib6","first-page":"17","article-title":"GABAergic input from the posterior lateral hypothalamus to the ventral part of the oral pontine reticular nucleus in the cat","volume":"888","author":"de la Roza","year":"2003","journal-title":"Soc Neurosci Abstr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.06.019","article-title":"Projections from the cat posterior lateral hypothalamus to the ventral part of the oral pontine reticular nucleus contains a GABAergic component","volume":"1020","author":"de la Roza","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903630203","article-title":"GABAergic neurons in the rat pontomesencephalic tegmentum: codistribution with cholinergic and the other tegmental neurons projecting in the posterior lateral hypothalamus","volume":"363","author":"Ford","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2002.02017.x","article-title":"Synaptic localization of GABA receptor subunits in the substantia nigra of the rat: effects of quinolinic acid lesions of the striatum","volume":"15","author":"Fujiyama","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib10","first-page":"72","article-title":"Sleep patterning after cholinergic and glutamatergic stimulation in the ventral oral pontine tegmentum","volume":"5","author":"Garz\u00f3n","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(97)00731-2","article-title":"Neocortical and hippocampal electrical activities are similar in spontaneous and cholinergic-induced REM sleep","volume":"766","author":"Garz\u00f3n","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(97)00494-6","article-title":"Sleep patterns after carbachol delivery in the ventral oral pontine tegmentum","volume":"83","author":"Garz\u00f3n","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02284843","article-title":"Unbiased stereological estimation of the total number of synapses in a brain region","volume":"25","author":"Geinisman","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neurocytol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(20000131)417:1<49::AID-CNE4>3.0.CO;2-3","article-title":"Remodeling of hippocampal synapses after hippocampus-dependent associative learning","volume":"417","author":"Geinisman","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib14a","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2818.1987.tb02837.x","article-title":"The efficiency of systematic sampling in stereology and its prediction","volume":"147","author":"Gundersen","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Microsc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.11-01-00159.1991","article-title":"Ultrastructural evidence for GABAergic brain stem projections to spinal motoneurons in the rat","volume":"11","author":"Holstege","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(99)00126-8","article-title":"Pontine carbachol elicits multiple rapid eye movement sleep-like neural events in urethane-anaesthetized rats","volume":"93","author":"Horner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-0102(93)90018-L","article-title":"Extracellular levels of serotonin in the medial pontine reticular formation in relation to sleep-wake cycle in cats: a microdialysis study","volume":"18","author":"Iwakiri","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurosci Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib18","series-title":"Principles of neural science","first-page":"207","article-title":"Synaptic integration","author":"Kandel","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0953-816x.2001.01829.x","article-title":"Substance P in the descending cholinergic projection to REM sleep-induction regions of the rat pontine reticular formation: Anatomical and electrophysiological analyses","volume":"15","author":"Kohlmeier","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/21.7.677","article-title":"Cholinomimetics, but not morphine, increase antinociceptive behavior from pontine reticular regions regulating rapid-eye-movement sleep","volume":"21","author":"Kshatri","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2004.03193.x","article-title":"An immunogold investigation of the distribution of GABA and glycine in nerve terminals on the somata of spherical bushy cells in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus of guinea pig","volume":"19","author":"Mahendrasingam","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib22","series-title":"Doctoral thesis, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","article-title":"Estudio de los mecanismos colin\u00e9rgicos y GABA\u00e9rgicos mediados por el tegmento pontino rostral en las fases del ciclo vigilia-sue\u00f1o","author":"Manquillo","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1177\/37.4.2564404","article-title":"Ultrastructural localization of neuropeptides and GABA in rat dorsal horn: a comparison of different immunogold labeling techniques","volume":"37","author":"Merighi","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2004.07.002","article-title":"Diversity of inhibitory neurotransmission through GABAA receptors","volume":"27","author":"Mody","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib25","first-page":"436","article-title":"An atlas of the distribution of GABAergic neurons and terminals","volume":"Vol. 4","author":"Mugnaini","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(98)00681-7","article-title":"Neurotransmitter actions on oral pontine tegmental neurons of the rat: an in vitro study","volume":"804","author":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00247039","article-title":"Postembedding light- and electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry of amino acids: description of a new model system allowing identical conditions for specificity testing and tissue processing","volume":"69","author":"Ottersen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib27a","series-title":"Topographischer Hirnatlas der Katze","author":"Reinoso-Su\u00e1rez","year":"1961"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib28","series-title":"The diencephalon and sleep","first-page":"49","article-title":"Thalamic connections of oral pontine tegmentum sites whose cholinergic stimulation produces enhancement of paradoxical sleep signs","author":"Reinoso-Su\u00e1rez","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1994.tb00575.x","article-title":"Location and anatomical connections of a paradoxical sleep induction site in the cat ventral pontine tegmentum","volume":"6","author":"Reinoso-Su\u00e1rez","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1053\/smrv.2000.0136","article-title":"Brain structures and mechanisms involved in the generation of REM sleep","volume":"5","author":"Reinoso-Su\u00e1rez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00993.2002","article-title":"GABAergic regulation of REM sleep in reticularis pontis oralis and caudalis in rats","volume":"90","author":"Sanford","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"31","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.08.050","article-title":"Design-based stereology in neuroscience","volume":"130","author":"Schmitz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3496","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-09-03496.2000","article-title":"Synergistically interacting dopamine D1 and NMDA receptors mediate nonvesicular transporter-dependent GABA release from rat striatal medium spiny neurons","volume":"20","author":"Schoffelmeer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhh158","article-title":"Differential effects of aging and insulin-like growth factor-1 on synapses in CA1 of rat hippocampus","volume":"15","author":"Shi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.06.086","article-title":"Estimators of the precision of stereological estimates: an example based on the CA1 pyramidal cell layer of rats","volume":"136","author":"Slomianka","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib36","series-title":"Measurement of section thickness","author":"Small","year":"1968"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2590","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.04-10-02590.1984","article-title":"Different populations of GABAergic neurons in the visual cortex and hippocampus of cat contain somatostatin- or cholecystokinin-immunoreactive material","volume":"4","author":"Somogyi","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(86)90121-1","article-title":"Quantification of immunogold labelling reveals enrichment of glutamate in mossy and parallel fibre terminals in cat cerebellum","volume":"19","author":"Somogyi","year":"1986","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1988.68.3.649","article-title":"The functional states of the thalamus and the associated neuronal interplay","volume":"68","author":"Steriade","year":"1988","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2818.1984.tb02501.x","article-title":"The unbiased estimation of numbers and sizes of arbitrary particles using the dissector","volume":"134","author":"Sterio","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Microsc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.1083","article-title":"Total regional and global number of synapses in the human brain neocortex","volume":"41","author":"Tang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(86)90016-3","article-title":"Immunocytochemical analysis of the GABAergic innervation of oxytocin- and vasopressin-secreting neurons in the rat supraoptic nucleus","volume":"19","author":"Theodosis","year":"1986","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4547(19990801)57:3<342::AID-JNR6>3.0.CO;2-X","article-title":"Synthesis of vesicular GABA from glutamine involves TCA cycle metabolism in neocortical neurons","volume":"57","author":"Waagepetersen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib44","series-title":"Stereological methods","author":"Weibel","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2630","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-08-02630.2001","article-title":"GABA transaminase inhibition induces spontaneous and enhances depolarisation-evoked GABA efflux via reversal of the GABA transporter","volume":"21","author":"Wu","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1999.82.4.2015","article-title":"Evidence that wakefulness and REM sleep are controlled by a GABAergic pontine mechanism","volume":"82","author":"Xi","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10670","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1987-04.2004","article-title":"Interactions between GABAergic and cholinergic processes in the nucleus pontis oralis: neuronal mechanisms controlling active (rapid eye movement) sleep and wakefulness","volume":"24","author":"Xi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurosci"}],"container-title":["Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306452206009316?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306452206009316?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,20]],"date-time":"2019-04-20T19:04:32Z","timestamp":1555787072000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0306452206009316"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0306452206009316"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.07.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-4522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-4522","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]}}}