{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:12:15Z","timestamp":1792033935231,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,1]],"date-time":"2008-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1212278400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,9]],"date-time":"2008-04-09T09:41:27Z","timestamp":1207734087000},"page":"606-620","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Fetal striatum- and ventral mesencephalon\u2013derived expanded neurospheres rescue dopaminergic neurons in vitro and the nigro-striatal system in vivo"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"154","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"Moses","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Drago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Teper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Gantois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.I.","family":"Finkelstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.K.","family":"Horne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12846","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.23.12846","article-title":"Neural stem cells display extensive tropism for pathology in adult brain: evidence from intracranial gliomas","volume":"97","author":"Aboody","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0953-816x.2001.01673.x","article-title":"Transplantation of neural precursor cells into the dysmyelinated CNS of mutant mice deficient in the myelin-associated glycoprotein and Fyn tyrosine kinase","volume":"14","author":"Ader","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2004.03577.x","article-title":"Integration and differentiation of neural stem cells after transplantation into the dysmyelinated central nervous system of adult mice","volume":"20","author":"Ader","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7923","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1784-04.2004","article-title":"The upregulated expression of sonic hedgehog in motor neurons after rat facial nerve axotomy","volume":"24","author":"Akazawa","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.03.004","article-title":"Effects of creatine treatment on the survival of dopaminergic neurons in cultured fetal ventral mesencephalic tissue","volume":"133","author":"Andres","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3309","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199710200-00023","article-title":"Regulation of GDNF expression in cultured astrocytes by inflammatory stimuli","volume":"8","author":"Appel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(91)90306-G","article-title":"Neurofilament reassembly in vitro: biochemical, morphological and immuno-electron microscopic studies employing monoclonal antibodies to defined epitopes","volume":"556","author":"Balin","year":"1991","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70386-6","article-title":"Continuing trials of GDNF in Parkinson's disease","volume":"5","author":"Barker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4695(200103)46:4<265::AID-NEU1007>3.0.CO;2-B","article-title":"Neurotrophin channeling of neural progenitor cell differentiation","volume":"46","author":"Benoit","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1006\/nbdi.1997.0151","article-title":"Studies on neuroprotective and regenerative effects of GDNF in a partial lesion model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"4","author":"Bjorklund","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib11","first-page":"9","article-title":"Intracerebral grafting of neuronal cell suspensions","volume":"522","author":"Bjorklund","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1177\/096368979900800107","article-title":"Cyclosporine A-induced hyperactivity in rats: is it mediated by immunosuppression, neurotrophism, or both?","volume":"8","author":"Borlongan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00229549","article-title":"6-Hydroxydopamine induces the loss of the dopaminergic phenotype in substantia nigra neurons of the rat","volume":"111","author":"Bowenkamp","year":"1996","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903550402","article-title":"Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor supports survival of injured midbrain dopaminergic neurons","volume":"355","author":"Bowenkamp","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.20333","article-title":"Neurospheres: insights into neural stem cell biology","volume":"78","author":"Campos","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00228825","article-title":"Protective actions of human recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor on MPTP-lesioned nigrostriatal dopamine neurons after intraventricular infusion","volume":"97","author":"Chadi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-03-01714.1995","article-title":"The dopamine transporter: immunochemical characterization and localization in brain","volume":"15","author":"Ciliax","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490300113","article-title":"Dynamics of mammalian high-molecular-weight neurofilament subunit phosphorylation in cultured rat sympathetic neurons","volume":"30","author":"Clark","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3864","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.13-09-03864.1993","article-title":"Adrenal medulla grafts in the hemiparkinsonian rat: profile of behavioral recovery predicts restoration of the symmetry between the two striata in measures of pre- and postsynaptic dopamine function","volume":"13","author":"Curran","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2005-0138","article-title":"Exogenous and fibroblast growth factor 2\/epidermal growth factor-regulated endogenous cytokines regulate neural precursor cell growth and differentiation","volume":"24","author":"Deleyrolle","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2005.06.004","article-title":"Purified mouse dopamine neurons thrive and function after transplantation into brain but require novel glial factors for survival in culture","volume":"30","author":"Donaldson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s004180050222","article-title":"Expression of class III beta-tubulin in normal and neoplastic human tissues","volume":"109","author":"Draberova","year":"1998","journal-title":"Histochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(91)90031-T","article-title":"A method for the isolation of purified murine neuroepithelial cells from the developing mouse brain","volume":"37","author":"Drago","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib24","series-title":"Neural transplantation: a practical approach","author":"Dunnett","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3070","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.11-10-03070.1991","article-title":"The neurotrophic effects of fibroblast growth factors on dopaminergic neurons in vitro are mediated by mesencephalic glia","volume":"11","author":"Engele","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4547(19960301)43:5<576::AID-JNR7>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"Evidence for a novel neurotrophic factor for dopaminergic neurons secreted from mesencephalic glial cell lines","volume":"43","author":"Engele","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490300212","article-title":"Conditioned media derived from glial cell lines promote survival and differentiation of dopaminergic neurons in vitro: role of mesencephalic glia","volume":"30","author":"Engele","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib28","series-title":"The international basal ganglia conference","first-page":"313","article-title":"The role of dopamine receptors in regulating the size of axonal arbours","author":"Finkelstein","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(00)00009-9","article-title":"Axonal sprouting following lesions of the rat substantia nigra","volume":"97","author":"Finkelstein","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib30","series-title":"The mouse brain in stereotaxic coordinates","author":"Franklin","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903590211","article-title":"Dopamine transporter immunoreactivity in rat brain","volume":"359","author":"Freed","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/0963-6897(94)00048-O","article-title":"The influence of donor age on the survival of solid and suspension intraparenchymal human embryonic nigral grafts","volume":"4","author":"Freeman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1155\/NP.1991.141","article-title":"Lesioning of the striatum reverses motor asymmetry in the 6-hydroxydopamine rodent model of parkinsonism","volume":"2","author":"Friehs","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Neural Transplant Plast"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5104","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.11.5104","article-title":"Implanted fibroblasts genetically engineered to produce brain-derived neurotrophic factor prevent 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium toxicity to dopaminergic neurons in the rat","volume":"91","author":"Frim","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3937","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200012180-00007","article-title":"The neuronal survival effects of rasagiline and deprenyl on fetal human and rat ventral mesencephalic neurones in culture","volume":"11","author":"Goggi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1997.6684","article-title":"Neurotrophins prevent death and differentially affect tyrosine hydroxylase of adult rat nigrostriatal neurons in vivo","volume":"149","author":"Hagg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2005-0192","article-title":"Multipotent neural stem cells from the adult tegmentum with dopaminergic potential develop essential properties of functional neurons","volume":"24","author":"Hermann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2003.02661.x","article-title":"Pleiotrophin exhibits a trophic effect on survival of dopaminergic neurons in vitro","volume":"17","author":"Hida","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1997.6659","article-title":"Regulation of astroglial-derived dopaminergic neurotrophic factors by interleukin-1 beta in the striatum of young and middle-aged mice","volume":"148","author":"Ho","year":"1997","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(94)90218-6","article-title":"Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor reverses toxin-induced injury to midbrain dopaminergic neurons in vivo","volume":"182","author":"Hoffer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib41","first-page":"140","article-title":"Parkinson's disease and the adaptive capacity of the nigrostriatal dopamine system: possible neurochemical mechanisms","volume":"60","author":"Hornykiewicz","year":"1993","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib42","first-page":"1","article-title":"Dopamine and Parkinson's disease","volume":"86","author":"Hornykiewicz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(93)90576-9","article-title":"Correlation of apomorphine- and amphetamine-induced turning with nigrostriatal dopamine content in unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned rats","volume":"626","author":"Hudson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1993.00540020018011","article-title":"A clinicopathologic study of 100 cases of Parkinson's disease","volume":"50","author":"Hughes","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1038\/350230a0","article-title":"BDNF is a neurotrophic factor for dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra","volume":"350","author":"Hyman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.14-01-00335.1994","article-title":"Overlapping and distinct actions of the neurotrophins BDNF, NT-3, and NT-4\/5 on cultured dopaminergic and GABAergic neurons of the ventral mesencephalon","volume":"14","author":"Hyman","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2004.1474","article-title":"Stem cells: cross-talk and developmental programs","volume":"359","author":"Imitola","year":"2004","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6958","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1331-04.2004","article-title":"Striatal neuron differentiation from neurosphere-expanded progenitors depends on Gsh2 expression","volume":"24","author":"Jensen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1006\/neur.1995.0016","article-title":"6-Hydroxydopamine lesion of the rat substantia nigra: time course and morphology of cell death","volume":"4","author":"Jeon","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurodegeneration"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib49a","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0215251","article-title":"Stem cell factor stimulates neurogenesis in vitro and in vivo","volume":"110","author":"Jin","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2004.tb00259.x","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of neuroprotective action of immunosuppressants-facts and hypotheses","volume":"8","author":"Kaminska","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0953-816x.2001.01534.x","article-title":"Delayed infusion of GDNF promotes recovery of motor function in the partial lesion model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"13","author":"Kirik","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199810083391506","article-title":"Parkinson's disease","volume":"339","author":"Lang","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199810153391607","article-title":"Parkinson's disease","volume":"339","author":"Lang","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8493557","article-title":"GDNF: a glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor for midbrain dopaminergic neurons","volume":"260","author":"Lin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05957","article-title":"Novel neurotrophic factor CDNF protects and rescues midbrain dopamine neurons in vivo","volume":"448","author":"Lindholm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6715","article-title":"Differentiation of mesencephalic progenitor cells into dopaminergic neurons by cytokines","volume":"149","author":"Ling","year":"1998","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02138157","article-title":"Autoradiographic demonstration of uptake and accumulation of 3H-6-hydroxydopamine in adrenergic nerves","volume":"27","author":"Ljungdahl","year":"1971","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1908","article-title":"The therapeutic potential of neural stem cells","volume":"7","author":"Martino","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.07.057","article-title":"Transplants of neurosphere cell suspensions from aged mice are functional in the mouse model of Parkinson's","volume":"1057","author":"Meissner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(03)00235-9","article-title":"Retinal transplantation of neural progenitor cells derived from the brain of GFP transgenic mice","volume":"43","author":"Mizumoto","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.02.120","article-title":"Murine embryonic EGF-responsive ventral mesencephalic neurospheres display distinct regional specification and promote survival of dopaminergic neurons","volume":"199","author":"Moses","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9750","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2745-06.2006","article-title":"A specific survival response in dopamine neurons at most risk in Parkinson's disease","volume":"26","author":"Murase","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(97)00313-X","article-title":"\u201cGreen mice\u201d as a source of ubiquitous green cells","volume":"407","author":"Okabe","year":"1997","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(92)90317-3","article-title":"Mesencephalic type I astrocytes mediate the survival of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons in culture","volume":"582","author":"O'Malley","year":"1992","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(94)91401-X","article-title":"Nigral type I astrocytes release a soluble factor that increases dopaminergic neuron survival through mechanisms distinct from basic fibroblast growth factor","volume":"647","author":"O'Malley","year":"1994","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib65a","first-page":"F581","article-title":"Expression of c-ret promotes morphogenesis and cell survival in mlMCD-3 cells","volume":"276","author":"O'Rourke","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199906230-00035","article-title":"Mouse epidermal growth factor-responsive neural precursor cells increase the survival and functional capacity of embryonic rat dopamine neurons in vitro","volume":"10","author":"Ostenfeld","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-3806(01)00291-7","article-title":"Regional specification of rodent and human neurospheres","volume":"134","author":"Ostenfeld","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt750","article-title":"Neural stem cells display an inherent mechanism for rescuing dysfunctional neurons","volume":"20","author":"Ourednik","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)03084-5","article-title":"Intranigral transplantation of solid tissue ventral mesencephalon or striatal grafts induces behavioral recovery in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats","volume":"890","author":"Palmer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5147","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-14-05147.2001","article-title":"The role of dopamine receptors in regulating the size of axonal arbors","volume":"21","author":"Parish","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.104.004820","article-title":"Mice lacking the alpha4 nicotinic receptor subunit fail to modulate dopaminergic neuronal arbors and possess impaired dopamine transporter function","volume":"68","author":"Parish","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3301721","article-title":"Global gene and cell replacement strategies via stem cells","volume":"9","author":"Park","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gene Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01552","article-title":"Injection of adult neurospheres induces recovery in a chronic model of multiple sclerosis","volume":"422","author":"Pluchino","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.11.048","article-title":"Neuroprotective properties of cultured neural progenitor cells are associated with the production of sonic hedgehog","volume":"131","author":"Rafuse","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08520-3","article-title":"Treatment interventions for Parkinson's disease: an evidence based assessment","volume":"359","author":"Rascol","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12175","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0704091104","article-title":"Behavioral improvement in a primate Parkinson's model is associated with multiple homeostatic effects of human neural stem cells","volume":"104","author":"Redmond","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth758","article-title":"Neural stem cells and neurospheres-re-evaluating the relationship","volume":"2","author":"Reynolds","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1553558","article-title":"Generation of neurons and astrocytes from isolated cells of the adult mammalian central nervous system","volume":"255","author":"Reynolds","year":"1992","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.10.043","article-title":"Grafts of adult subependymal zone neuronal progenitor cells rescue hemiparkinsonian behavioral decline","volume":"1032","author":"Richardson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1999.7296","article-title":"Sequential administration of GDNF into the substantia nigra and striatum promotes dopamine neuron survival and axonal sprouting but not striatal reinnervation or functional recovery in the partial 6-OHDA lesion model","volume":"161","author":"Rosenblad","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(97)00269-8","article-title":"Intrastriatal glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor promotes sprouting of spared nigrostriatal dopaminergic afferents and induces recovery of function in a rat model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"82","author":"Rosenblad","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11869","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0704704104","article-title":"Neural stem cells for Parkinson's disease: to protect and repair","volume":"104","author":"Sanberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2003.02824.x","article-title":"The in vivo positional identity gene expression code is not preserved in neural stem cells grown in culture","volume":"18","author":"Santa-Olalla","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.14.9.1202","article-title":"Mechanisms of antiapoptotic effects of estrogens in nigral dopaminergic neurons","volume":"14","author":"Sawada","year":"2000","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3073","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.1999.00727.x","article-title":"Differential effects of Bcl-2 overexpression on fibre outgrowth and survival of embryonic dopaminergic neurons in intracerebral transplants","volume":"11","author":"Schierle","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2003.02800.x","article-title":"Timecourse of striatal re-innervation following lesions of dopaminergic SNpc neurons of the rat","volume":"18","author":"Stanic","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4769","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.14-08-04769.1994","article-title":"Mesencephalic type 1 astrocytes rescue dopaminergic neurons from death induced by serum deprivation","volume":"14","author":"Takeshima","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1038\/35102174","article-title":"The development of neural stem cells","volume":"414","author":"Temple","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-01-00141.2003","article-title":"Trophic restoration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway in long-term carotid body-grafted parkinsonian rats","volume":"23","author":"Toledo-Aral","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8274","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.18.8274","article-title":"Retrograde axonal transport of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in the adult nigrostriatal system suggests a trophic role in the adult","volume":"92","author":"Tomac","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14720","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.26.14720","article-title":"Direct isolation of human central nervous system stem cells","volume":"97","author":"Uchida","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib92","first-page":"421","article-title":"Behavioral, physiological, and neurochemical changes after 6-hydroxydopamine-induced degeneration of the nigro-striatal dopamine neurons","volume":"5","author":"Ungerstedt","year":"1974","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4091","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4312-04.2005","article-title":"Selective glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor production in adult dopaminergic carotid body cells in situ and after intrastriatal transplantation","volume":"25","author":"Villadiego","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(94)90566-5","article-title":"Neurotoxin-induced cell death in neuronal PC12 cells is mediated by induction of apoptosis","volume":"63","author":"Walkinshaw","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3301682","article-title":"Delayed delivery of AAV-GDNF prevents nigral neurodegeneration and promotes functional recovery in a rat model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gene Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902960102","article-title":"Unbiased stereological estimation of the number of neurons in the human hippocampus","volume":"296","author":"West","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092310411","article-title":"Unbiased stereological estimation of the total number of neurons in the subdivisions of the rat hippocampus using the optical fractionator","volume":"231","author":"West","year":"1991","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9861(20001120)427:3<440::AID-CNE10>3.0.CO;2-7","article-title":"Time course of degenerative alterations in nigral dopaminergic neurons following a 6-hydroxydopamine lesion","volume":"427","author":"Zuch","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"}],"container-title":["Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306452208004521?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306452208004521?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]],"date-time":"2019-05-09T21:44:04Z","timestamp":1557438244000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0306452208004521"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0306452208004521"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.03.058","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-4522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-4522","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]}}}