{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T11:08:49Z","timestamp":1791198529116,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,1]],"date-time":"2009-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1251763200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,12]],"date-time":"2009-06-12T08:49:19Z","timestamp":1244796559000},"page":"456-465","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Altered CB1 receptor and endocannabinoid levels precede motor symptom onset in a transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"163","author":[{"given":"M.J.","family":"Dowie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.B.","family":"Bradshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.L.","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.F.B.","family":"Nicholson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.L.M.","family":"Faull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.J.","family":"Hannan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Glass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2007.04.012","article-title":"Severe deficiency of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) activity segregates with the Huntington's disease mutation in peripheral lymphocytes","volume":"27","author":"Battista","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2007.06.031","article-title":"Symptom-related changes of endocannabinoid and palmitoylethanolamide levels in brain areas of R6\/2 mice, a transgenic model of Huntington's disease","volume":"52","author":"Bisogno","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R349","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00933.2005","article-title":"Sex and hormonal cycle differences in rat brain levels of pain-related cannabimimetic lipid mediators","volume":"291","author":"Bradshaw","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.03.008","article-title":"Abnormal sensitivity to cannabinoid receptor stimulation might contribute to altered gamma-aminobutyric acid transmission in the striatum of R6\/2 Huntington's disease mice","volume":"57","author":"Centonze","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-03-00961.2003","article-title":"Transient and progressive electrophysiological alterations in the corticostriatal pathway in a mouse model of Huntington's disease","volume":"23","author":"Cepeda","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.20344","article-title":"Increased GABAergic function in mouse models of Huntington's disease: reversal by BDNF","volume":"78","author":"Cepeda","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1999.0449","article-title":"Altered neurotransmitter receptor expression in transgenic mouse models of Huntington's disease","volume":"354","author":"Cha","year":"1999","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6480","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.11.6480","article-title":"Altered brain neurotransmitter receptors in transgenic mice expressing a portion of an abnormal human Huntington disease gene","volume":"95","author":"Cha","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(00)00157-3","article-title":"Cannabinoid receptor messenger RNA levels decrease in a subset of neurons of the lateral striatum, cortex and hippocampus of transgenic Huntington's disease mice","volume":"98","author":"Denovan-Wright","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(03)00145-3","article-title":"Comparative analysis of fatty acid amide hydrolase and cb(1) cannabinoid receptor expression in the mouse brain: evidence of a widespread role for fatty acid amide hydrolase in regulation of endocannabinoid signaling","volume":"119","author":"Egertova","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)61341-2","article-title":"The distribution of GABAA-benzodiazepine receptors in the basal ganglia in Huntington's disease and in the quinolinic acid-lesioned rat","volume":"99","author":"Faull","year":"1993","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5846(01)00162-2","article-title":"The role of cannabinoids in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"25","author":"Glass","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(00)00008-7","article-title":"The pattern of neurodegeneration in Huntington's disease: a comparative study of cannabinoid, dopamine, adenosine and GABA(A) receptor alterations in the human basal ganglia in Huntington's disease","volume":"97","author":"Glass","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(93)90352-G","article-title":"Loss of cannabinoid receptors in the substantia nigra in Huntington's disease","volume":"56","author":"Glass","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(03)00595-5","article-title":"Delayed onset of Huntington's disease in mice in an enriched environment correlates with delayed loss of cannabinoid CB1 receptors","volume":"123","author":"Glass","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1932","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.5.1932","article-title":"Cannabinoid receptor localization in brain","volume":"87","author":"Herkenham","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2002.00804.x","article-title":"The role of dopamine in motor symptoms in the R6\/2 transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease","volume":"81","author":"Hickey","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291799002871","article-title":"The molecular biology of Huntington's disease","volume":"31","author":"Ho","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10094","article-title":"Environmental enrichment slows disease progression in R6\/2 Huntington's disease mice","volume":"51","author":"Hockly","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90585-E","article-title":"A novel gene containing a trinucleotide repeat that is expanded and unstable on Huntington's disease chromosomes","volume":"72","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2874","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4232-04.2005","article-title":"Involvement of cannabinoid receptors in the regulation of neurotransmitter release in the rodent striatum: a combined immunochemical and pharmacological analysis","volume":"25","author":"Kofalvi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(01)03403-5","article-title":"Loss of mRNA levels, binding and activation of GTP-binding proteins for cannabinoid CB1 receptors in the basal ganglia of a transgenic model of Huntington's disease","volume":"929","author":"Lastres-Becker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200107200-00017","article-title":"Changes in endocannabinoid transmission in the basal ganglia in a rat model of Huntington's disease","volume":"12","author":"Lastres-Becker","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-006-6027-5","article-title":"The roles of cannabinoid and dopamine receptor systems in neural emotional learning circuits: implications for schizophrenia and addiction","volume":"63","author":"Laviolette","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2008.00105.x","article-title":"The pharmacology of the endocannabinoid system: functional and structural interactions with other neurotransmitter systems and their repercussions in behavioral addiction","volume":"13","author":"Lopez-Moreno","year":"2008","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2006.11.006","article-title":"The endocannabinoid pathway in Huntington's disease: a comparison with other neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"81","author":"Maccarrone","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81369-0","article-title":"Exon 1 of the HD gene with an expanded CAG repeat is sufficient to cause a progressive neurological phenotype in transgenic mice","volume":"87","author":"Mangiarini","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903270406","article-title":"Localization of cannabinoid receptor mRNA in rat brain","volume":"327","author":"Matsuda","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3059","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4320-04.2005","article-title":"Deficits in experience-dependent cortical plasticity and sensory-discrimination learning in presymptomatic Huntington's disease mice","volume":"25","author":"Mazarakis","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4909","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.2004.04460.x","article-title":"Structure, expression and regulation of the cannabinoid receptor gene (CB1) in Huntington's disease transgenic mice","volume":"271","author":"McCaw","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5115","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-13-05115.2000","article-title":"Abnormal synaptic plasticity and impaired spatial cognition in mice transgenic for exon 1 of the human Huntington's disease mutation","volume":"20","author":"Murphy","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2003.08.053","article-title":"Molecular and behavioral analysis of the R6\/1 Huntington's disease transgenic mouse","volume":"122","author":"Naver","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib33","series-title":"In situ hybridization protocols for the brain, Vol. 47","first-page":"105","article-title":"Processing human brain tissue for in situ hybridization with radiolabelled oligonucleotides","author":"Nicholson","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib34","series-title":"The basal ganglia V","first-page":"433","article-title":"GABAA receptor subunit subtypes in the human putamen and globus pallidus in Huntington's disease\u2014an in situ hybridisation study","author":"Nicholson","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib35","unstructured":"Nicholson LFB, Faull RLM (1999) Expression of GABAA receptor subunit mRNA's in the human thalamus. In: Abstract P10c Australian Neuroscience Society, 19th annual meeting."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0953-816X.2000.01379.x","article-title":"Altered striatal amino acid neurotransmitter release monitored using microdialysis in R6\/1 Huntington transgenic mice","volume":"13","author":"Nicniocaill","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2007.11.006","article-title":"Gene-environment interactions modulating cognitive function and molecular correlates of synaptic plasticity in Huntington's disease transgenic mice","volume":"29","author":"Nithianantharajah","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210050016","article-title":"Effects of systemic 3-nitropropionic acid-induced lesions of the dorsal striatum on cannabinoid and mu-opioid receptor binding in the basal ganglia","volume":"130","author":"Page","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib39","first-page":"2687","article-title":"Normal human pituitary gland and pituitary adenomas express cannabinoid receptor type 1 and synthesize endogenous cannabinoids: first evidence for a direct role of cannabinoids on hormone modulation at the human pituitary level","volume":"86","author":"Pagotto","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.04.013","article-title":"Differential effects of voluntary physical exercise on behavioral and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression deficits in Huntington's disease transgenic mice","volume":"141","author":"Pang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410360406","article-title":"Selective vulnerability in Huntington's disease: preferential loss of cannabinoid receptors in lateral globus pallidus","volume":"36","author":"Richfield","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2270","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1658-03.2004","article-title":"Environmental enrichment rescues protein deficits in a mouse model of Huntington's disease, indicating a possible disease mechanism","volume":"24","author":"Spires","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2007.01.005","article-title":"Biochemistry and pharmacology of endovanilloids","volume":"114","author":"Starowicz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbrainres.2004.12.003","article-title":"Expression and distribution of vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) in the adult rat brain","volume":"135","author":"Toth","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Res Mol Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.31.5.377","article-title":"Instability of CAG repeats in Huntington's disease: relation to parental transmission and age of onset","volume":"31","author":"Trottier","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1038\/35008142","article-title":"Delaying the onset of Huntington's in mice","volume":"404","author":"van Dellen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1063545","article-title":"Neuroscience\u2014endocannabinoid signaling in the brain","volume":"296","author":"Wilson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014_bib48","series-title":"In situ hybridization protocols for the brain","author":"Wisden","year":"2002"}],"container-title":["Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S030645220901001X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S030645220901001X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,20]],"date-time":"2019-05-20T17:46:28Z","timestamp":1558374388000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S030645220901001X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S030645220901001X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.06.014","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-4522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-4522","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]}}}