{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:10:37Z","timestamp":1791159037246,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,27]],"date-time":"2013-11-27T23:05:32Z","timestamp":1385593532000},"page":"401-409","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Effects of congenital blindness on the subcortical representation of speech cues"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"258","author":[{"given":"Z.","family":"Jafari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Malayeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0005","series-title":"Handbook of clinical audiology","first-page":"611","article-title":"Auditory pathway representations of speech sounds in humans","author":"Abrams","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2004.08.011","article-title":"The reverse hierarchy theory of visual perceptual learning","volume":"8","author":"Ahissar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2008.07.026","article-title":"Speech auditory brainstem response (speech ABR) characteristics depending on recording conditions, and hearing status: an experimental parametric study","volume":"175","author":"Akhoun","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0020","first-page":"143","article-title":"Cortical activity during tactile exploration of objects in blind and sighted humans","volume":"28","author":"Amedi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Restor Neurol Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0025","series-title":"Specification for audiometers (ANSI S3.6-2004)","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0030","series-title":"American national standard maximum permissible ambient noise levels for audiometric test rooms (ANSI S3.1-1999, R2008)","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2466","article-title":"The descending corticocollicular pathway mediates learning-induced auditory plasticity","volume":"13","author":"Bajo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9850","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2373-05.2005","article-title":"Brainstem timing: implications for cortical processing and literacy","volume":"25","author":"Banai","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1110-1309","article-title":"I see where you\u2019re hearing: how cross-modal plasticity may exploit homologous brain structures","volume":"13","author":"Bavelier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogbrainres.2003.10.012","article-title":"Comparison of blind and sighted participants\u2019 performance in a letter recognition working memory task","volume":"18","author":"Bliss","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Res Cogn Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20064","article-title":"Cortical activity to vibrotactile stimulation: an fMRI study in blind and sighted individuals","volume":"23","author":"Burton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00923.2011","article-title":"Human inferior colliculus activity relates to individual differences in spoken language learning","volume":"107","author":"Chandrasekaran","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.02.172","article-title":"Exploring the relationship between physiological measures of cochlear and brainstem function","volume":"120","author":"Dhar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9941","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-22-09941.2002","article-title":"Expansion of the tonotopic area in the auditory cortex of the blind","volume":"22","author":"Elbert","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2012.05.006","article-title":"The superiority in voice processing of the blind arises from neural plasticity at sensory processing stages","volume":"50","author":"Focker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00318-X","article-title":"Cross-modal plasticity underpins language recovery after cochlear implantation","volume":"30","author":"Giraud","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1038\/430309a","article-title":"Neuropsychology: pitch discrimination in the early blind","volume":"430","author":"Gougoux","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0030027","article-title":"A functional neuroimaging study of sound localization: visual cortex activity predicts performance in early-blind individuals","volume":"3","author":"Gougoux","year":"2005","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.3109\/01050398809042180","article-title":"Auditory brain stem responses in dyslexic and normal children. A prospective clinical investigation","volume":"17","author":"Grontved","year":"1988","journal-title":"Scand Audiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0100","series-title":"New handbook of auditory evoked responses","author":"Hall","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1159\/000188533","article-title":"Subcortical laterality of speech encoding","volume":"14","author":"Hornickel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Audiol Neurootol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2009.07.012","article-title":"Auditory and auditory-tactile processing in congenitally blind humans","volume":"258","author":"Hotting","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogbrainres.2003.10.015","article-title":"Blind individuals show enhanced perceptual and attentional sensitivity for identification of speech sounds","volume":"19","author":"Hugdahl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Res Cogn Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1177\/0145482X9508900213","article-title":"Performance of blind children on digit span tests","volume":"89","author":"Hull","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Vis Impair Blind"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1097\/00003446-198704000-00004","article-title":"Specific auditory perceptual dysfunction in a learning disabled child","volume":"8","author":"Jerger","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aud.0000179687.71662.6e","article-title":"Brain stem response to speech: a biological marker of auditory processing","volume":"26","author":"Johnson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4000","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0012-08.2008","article-title":"Developmental plasticity in the human auditory brainstem","volume":"28","author":"Johnson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2882","article-title":"Music training for the development of auditory skills","volume":"11","author":"Kraus","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2005.02.003","article-title":"Brainstem origins for cortical \u2018what\u2019 and \u2018where\u2019 pathways in the auditory system","volume":"28","author":"Kraus","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2009.03.005","article-title":"The role of the auditory brainstem in processing linguistically-relevant pitch patterns","volume":"110","author":"Krishnan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Lang"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(03)00402-7","article-title":"Human frequency-following response: representation of pitch contours in Chinese tones","volume":"189","author":"Krishnan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2011.07.037","article-title":"Sex differences in auditory subcortical function","volume":"123","author":"Krizman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-5597(92)90034-9","article-title":"Neural plasticity in processing sound location by the early blind: an event-related potential study","volume":"84","author":"Kujala","year":"1992","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(94)11135-6","article-title":"Visual cortex activation in blind humans during sound discrimination","volume":"183","author":"Kujala","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-6918(97)00007-3","article-title":"Faster reaction times in the blind than sighted during bimodal divided attention","volume":"96","author":"Kujala","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.08.001","article-title":"Compensatory plasticity and cross-modal reorganization following early visual deprivation","author":"Kupers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1993.tb22998.x","article-title":"Auditory-brainstem synchronicity in dyslexia measured using the REPs\/ABR protocol","volume":"14","author":"Lauter","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhl001","article-title":"Cortical activity at rest predicts cochlear implantation outcome","volume":"17","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00497.2005","article-title":"Phase-locked responses to pure tones in the inferior colliculus","volume":"95","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-5597(84)90047-9","article-title":"Brain-stem, middle latency and late cortical evoked potentials in children with speech and language disorders","volume":"59","author":"Mason","year":"1984","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1044\/jslhr.4004.939","article-title":"Scalp potentials evoked by amplitude-modulated tones in dyslexia","volume":"40","author":"McAnally","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Speech Lang Hear Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3109\/01050399109070785","article-title":"Central auditory skills in blind and sighted subjects","volume":"20","author":"Muchnik","year":"1991","journal-title":"Scand Audiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(02)38078-6","article-title":"Human brain plasticity: evidence from sensory deprivation and altered language experience","volume":"138","author":"Neville","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.930355","article-title":"Changes in neuronal activity of the inferior colliculus in rat after temporal inactivation of the auditory cortex","volume":"52","author":"Popelar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Physiol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1715981","article-title":"Auditory brainstem response, middle latency response, and late cortical evoked potentials in children with learning disabilities","volume":"13","author":"Purdy","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Acad Audiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4538","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.13-10-04538.1993","article-title":"Auditory compensation for early blindness in cat cerebral cortex","volume":"13","author":"Rauschecker","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.09.021","article-title":"Preserved functional specialization for spatial processing in the occipital cortex of the early blind","volume":"68","author":"Renier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8760(03)00122-3","article-title":"Memory for environmental sounds in sighted, congenitally blind and late blind adults: evidence for cross-modal compensation","volume":"50","author":"Roder","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/0926-6410(96)00024-9","article-title":"Event-related potentials during auditory and somatosensory discrimination in sighted and blind human subjects","volume":"4","author":"Roder","year":"1996","journal-title":"Brain Res Cogn Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(99)00182-2","article-title":"Effects of interstimulus interval on auditory event-related potentials in congenitally blind and normally sighted humans","volume":"264","author":"Roder","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(00)00057-9","article-title":"Event-related potentials during auditory language processing in congenitally blind and sighted people","volume":"38","author":"Roder","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-6410(01)00002-7","article-title":"Auditory memory in congenitally blind adults: a behavioral-electrophysiological investigation","volume":"11","author":"Roder","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Res Cogn Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2008.12.017","article-title":"Interactions of cognitive and auditory abilities in congenitally blind individuals","volume":"47","author":"Rokem","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1038\/380526a0","article-title":"Activation of the primary visual cortex by Braille reading in blind subjects","volume":"380","author":"Sadato","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0280","series-title":"Handbook of clinical audiology","first-page":"125","article-title":"Tympanometry in clinical practice","author":"Shanks","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e3181cdb272","article-title":"Auditory brain stem response to complex sounds: a tutorial","volume":"31","author":"Skoe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1159\/000093058","article-title":"On the relationship between speech- and nonspeech-evoked auditory brainstem responses","volume":"11","author":"Song","year":"2006","journal-title":"Audiol Neurootol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhr196","article-title":"Training to improve hearing speech in noise: biological mechanisms","volume":"22","author":"Song","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2005.03.007","article-title":"Auditory perceptual consolidation in early-onset blindness","volume":"43","author":"Stevens","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2008.07.041","article-title":"Functional characteristics of auditory cortex in the blind","volume":"196","author":"Stevens","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e3181f534b5","article-title":"Brain stem responses to speech in younger and older adults","volume":"32","author":"Vander Werff","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1080\/741941601","article-title":"Visuo-spatial imagery in congenitally totally blind people","volume":"6","author":"Vecchi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Memory"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.12.020","article-title":"Differential occipital responses in early- and late-blind individuals during a sound-source discrimination task","volume":"40","author":"Voss","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0325","first-page":"268","article-title":"Folklore of blindness","volume":"88","author":"Wagner-Lampl","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Vis Impair Blind"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2664","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-07-02664.2000","article-title":"A positron emission tomographic study of auditory localization in the congenitally blind","volume":"20","author":"Weeks","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wnr.0000236865.31705.3a","article-title":"Specificity of experience-dependent pitch representation in the brainstem","volume":"17","author":"Xu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroreport"}],"container-title":["Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306452213009743?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306452213009743?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]],"date-time":"2024-05-20T15:58:47Z","timestamp":1716220727000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0306452213009743"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"references-count":66,"alternative-id":["S0306452213009743"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.11.027","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-4522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-4522","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]}}}