{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T14:42:49Z","timestamp":1793803369234,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559347200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,17]],"date-time":"2019-04-17T13:00:21Z","timestamp":1555506021000},"page":"272-281","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Neurophysiological abnormalities in individuals with persistent post-concussion symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"408","author":[{"given":"Alan J.","family":"Pearce","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Tommerdahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doug A.","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0005","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5\u00ae)","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0010","first-page":"370","article-title":"Fatigue and traumatic brain injury","volume":"49","author":"Belmont","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Phys Rehabil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-014-4183-7","article-title":"The uses and interpretations of the motor-evoked potential for understanding behaviour","volume":"233","author":"Bestmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.07.033","article-title":"A new concept affecting restoration of inflammation-reactive astrocytes","volume":"250","author":"Block","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2014.974674","article-title":"A review of post-concussion syndrome and psychological factors associated with concussion","volume":"29","author":"Broshek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880171012","article-title":"Corticospinal excitability in patients diagnosed with chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Brouwer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0035","series-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2009.03.007","article-title":"Hip adductor muscle strength is reduced preceding and during the onset of groin pain in elite junior Australian football players","volume":"13","author":"Crow","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn347","article-title":"Brain function decline in healthy retired athletes who sustained their last sports concussion in early adulthood","volume":"132","author":"De Beaumont","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-13-109","article-title":"Motor system alterations in retired former athletes: the role of aging and concussion history","volume":"13","author":"De Beaumont","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.73.6.727","article-title":"Prediction of post-traumatic complaints after mild traumatic brain injury: early symptoms and biochemical markers","volume":"73","author":"De Kruijk","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosur PS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2013.3050","article-title":"Toward objective markers of concussion in sport: a review of white matter and neurometabolic changes in the brain after sports-related concussion","volume":"31","author":"Dimou","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1177\/155005940403500410","article-title":"The usefulness of quantitative EEG (QEEG) and neurotherapy in the assessment and treatment of post-concussion syndrome","volume":"35","author":"Duff","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin EEG Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.5694\/mja12.11217","article-title":"Increasing incidence of hospitalisation for sport-related concussion in Victoria, Australia","volume":"198","author":"Finch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-9-87","article-title":"Effects of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist dextromethorphan on vibrotactile adaptation","volume":"9","author":"Folger","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2013.10.0226","article-title":"Subjective cognitive complaints and neuropsychological test performance following military-related traumatic brain injury","volume":"51","author":"French","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1080\/13803390490520328","article-title":"Neuropsychological studies of mild traumatic brain injury: a meta-analytic review of research since 1995","volume":"27","author":"Frencham","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsyc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617700001648","article-title":"Motor dysfunction profiles in traumatic brain injury and postconcussion syndrome","volume":"2","author":"Greiffenstein","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2013.10.016","article-title":"Postconcussion syndrome: a complex and underdiagnosed clinical entity","volume":"82","author":"Guinto","year":"2014","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1038\/35018000","article-title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation and the human brain","volume":"406","author":"Hallett","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0105","series-title":"The Oxford handbook of transcranial stimulation","first-page":"103","article-title":"Paired-pulse measures","author":"Hanajima","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0110","series-title":"European recommendations for surface electromyography","author":"Hermens","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2011.11.007","article-title":"A novel device for the study of somatosensory information processing","volume":"204","author":"Holden","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurosci Meth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0120","series-title":"Brain injury\u2014functional aspects, rehabilitation and prevention","first-page":"3","article-title":"Mental fatigue; a common long term consequence after a brain injury","author":"Johansson","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0125","series-title":"Traumatic brain injury","article-title":"Long-lasting mental fatigue after traumatic brain injury\u2013a major problem most often neglected diagnostic criteria, assessment, relation to emotional and cognitive problems, cellular background, and aspects on treatment","author":"Johansson","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.3109\/02699050903421099","article-title":"Mental fatigue and impaired information processing after mild and moderate traumatic brain injury","volume":"23","author":"Johansson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2010.01.004","article-title":"Corticospinal properties following short-term strength training of an intrinsic hand muscle","volume":"29","author":"Kidgell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Mov Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0140","first-page":"13","article-title":"Use of the brain-gauge somatosensory assessment for monitoring recovery from concussion: a case study","volume":"2","author":"King","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Physiother Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(03)00321-1","article-title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation in neurology","volume":"2","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2240","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx153","article-title":"The fatigue conundrum","volume":"140","author":"Kuppuswamy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2311","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546511410655","article-title":"Which on-field signs\/symptoms predict protracted recovery from sport-related concussion among high school football players?","volume":"39","author":"Lau","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.12363","article-title":"Using transcranial magnetic stimulation to quantify electrophysiological changes following concussive brain injury: a systematic review","volume":"42","author":"Major","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-2006-21406","article-title":"Cognitive and emotional consequences of TBI: intervention strategies for vocational rehabilitation","volume":"21","author":"Mateer","year":"2006","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097699","article-title":"Consensus statement on concussion in sport\u2014the 5th international conference on concussion in sport held in Berlin, October 2016","volume":"51","author":"McCrory","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brit J Sport Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0175","first-page":"671","article-title":"Older adults exhibit more intracortical inhibition and less intracortical facilitation than young adults","volume":"45","author":"McGinley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2017-317879","article-title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation predicts cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"89","author":"Motta","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.12.043","article-title":"Neurosensory assessments of migraine","volume":"1498","author":"Nguyen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0190","series-title":"The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders: clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines","author":"Organization WH","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0195","first-page":"1","article-title":"Diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease with transcranial magnetic stimulation","author":"Padovani","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2007.12.005","article-title":"Corticomotor excitability during precision motor tasks","volume":"12","author":"Pearce","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2008.12.632","article-title":"Comparison of corticomotor excitability during visuomotor dynamic and static tasks","volume":"13","author":"Pearce","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0210","series-title":"A closer look at motor-evoked potentials","article-title":"Applications of MEPs","author":"Pearce","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1007\/s002219900236","article-title":"The corticomotor representation of elite racquet sport athletes","volume":"130","author":"Pearce","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2012.05.010","article-title":"A comparison of two methods in acquiring stimulus\u2013response curves with transcranial magnetic stimulation","volume":"6","author":"Pearce","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2013.3219","article-title":"The long-term effects of sports concussion on retired Australian football players: a study using transcranial magnetic stimulation","volume":"31","author":"Pearce","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2014.07.010","article-title":"Acute motor, neurocognitive and neurophysiological change following concussion injury in Australian amateur football. A prospective multimodal investigation","volume":"18","author":"Pearce","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2018.1430376","article-title":"Neurophysiological and cognitive impairment following repeated sports concussion injuries in retired professional rugby league players","volume":"32","author":"Pearce","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"CNC46","DOI":"10.2217\/cnc-2017-0002","article-title":"Efficacy of a repeat testing protocol for cognitive fatigue assessment: a preliminary study in PCS participants","volume":"2","author":"Rau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Concussion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-1-22","article-title":"On the potential role of glutamate transport in mental fatigue","volume":"1","author":"R\u00f6nnb\u00e4ck","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0250","series-title":"Long-lasting mental fatigue after traumatic brain injury or stroke\u2014a new perspective","author":"R\u00f6nnback","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0255","unstructured":"Ropper AH (2008). Concussion and other head injuries. In: Harrison's principles of internal medicine, eds), 2596-2600. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1080\/09540260310001606692","article-title":"Post concussion syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Ryan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int Rev Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(99)00144-3","article-title":"Corticomotor excitability and perception of effort during sustained exercise in the chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"110","author":"Sacco","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-2011-0708","article-title":"Etiology of the post-concussion syndrome: physiogenesis and psychogenesis revisited","volume":"29","author":"Silverberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(00)00444-2","article-title":"Motor cortex excitability in chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"111","author":"Starr","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291799002032","article-title":"Increased cortical inhibition in depression: a prolonged silent period with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)","volume":"30","author":"Steele","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-006-0156-5","article-title":"Recovery from mild traumatic brain injury: a focus on fatigue","volume":"253","author":"Stulemeijer","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-15-00172","article-title":"Neurosensory assessments of concussion","volume":"181","author":"Tommerdahl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.66.2.207","article-title":"One year outcome in mild to moderate head injury: the predictive value of acute injury characteristics related to complaints and return to work","volume":"66","author":"Van der Naalt","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosur PS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000000223","article-title":"Diagnostic tests for concussion: is vision part of the puzzle?","volume":"35","author":"Ventura","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(93)90301-E","article-title":"The muscle silent period following transcranial magnetic cortical stimulation","volume":"114","author":"Wilson","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(93)90169-L","article-title":"Topography of excitatory and inhibitory muscle responses evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation in the human motor cortex","volume":"154","author":"Wilson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2011.00018","article-title":"Somatosensory information processing in the aging population","volume":"3","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e31821c98ec","article-title":"Altered central sensitization in subgroups of women with vulvodynia","volume":"27","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019_bb0325","series-title":"Handbook of clinical neurology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53497-2.00032-2","article-title":"Pharmaco-transcranial magnetic stimulation studies of motor excitability","volume":"116","author":"Ziemann","year":"2013"}],"container-title":["Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306452219302593?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306452219302593?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T20:46:08Z","timestamp":1721162768000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0306452219302593"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"references-count":65,"alternative-id":["S0306452219302593"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.04.019","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-4522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-4522","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]}}}