{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T14:00:41Z","timestamp":1791468041594,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004096","name":"Kyushu University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004096","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ibroneuroscience.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T15:14:03Z","timestamp":1783178043000},"page":"408-419","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Chronic stress primes TLR3-mediated systemic inflammation to produce persistent post-viral fatigue syndrome-like symptoms in mice"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"611","author":[{"given":"Battuvshin","family":"Lkhagvasuren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takafumi","family":"Suematsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liu","family":"Xiangyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomokazu","family":"Hata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu","family":"Takakura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Hiramoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takakazu","family":"Oka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuyuki","family":"Sudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-025-02353-x","article-title":"Long COVID involves activation of proinflammatory and immune exhaustion pathways","volume":"27","author":"Aid","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(25)00055-4","article-title":"Effects of Janus kinase inhibitors in adults admitted to hospital due to COVID-19: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials","volume":"13","author":"Amstutz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"issue":"6857","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1038\/35099560","article-title":"Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-\u03baB by Toll-like receptor 3","volume":"413","author":"Alexopoulou","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0020","volume":"eLife, 6","author":"Arima","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Micro-Inflammation at Specific Vessels Dysregulates Organ-Homeostasis via the Activation of a New Neural Circuit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.11.009","article-title":"Minocycline alleviates depression-like symptoms by rescuing decrease in neurogenesis in dorsal hippocampus via blocking microglia activation\/phagocytosis","volume":"91","author":"Bassett","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0030","first-page":"e3638","article-title":"The mouse forced swim test","volume":"59","author":"Can","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(94)90144-9","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of tactile allodynia in the rat paw","volume":"53","author":"Chaplan","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7458","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25137458","article-title":"Systemic inflammation disrupts circadian rhythms and diurnal neuroimmune dynamics","volume":"25","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2015.04.050","article-title":"Prior chronic stress induces persistent polyI:C-induced allodynia and depressive-like behavior in rats: possible involvement of glucocorticoids and microglia","volume":"147","author":"Chijiwa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2006.09.006","article-title":"Twenty years of research on cytokine-induced sickness behavior","volume":"21","author":"Dantzer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2297","article-title":"From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain","volume":"9","author":"Dantzer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00846-2","article-title":"Long COVID: Major findings, mechanisms and recommendations","volume":"21","author":"Davis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0065","first-page":"2610","article-title":"Measuring the strength of mice","volume":"76","author":"Deacon","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0070","article-title":"Persistent inflammatory cytokine signature in long Covid-19 patients: a meta-analysis","author":"Dornas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102756","article-title":"Psychological factors associated with Long COVID: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"74","author":"Engelmann","year":"2024","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1159\/000547858","article-title":"Perceived chronic stress prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection predicts ongoing symptomatic COVID-19: a prospective cohort study","volume":"95","author":"Fazekas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psychother. Psychosom."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.06.008","article-title":"Mild respiratory COVID can cause multi-lineage neural cell and myelin dysregulation","volume":"185","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Casta\u00f1eda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2024.07.034","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 S1 subunit produces a protracted priming of the neuroinflammatory, physiological, and behavioral responses to a remote immune challenge: a role for corticosteroids","volume":"121","author":"Frank","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"issue":"664","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abq3059","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection in hamsters and humans results in lasting and unique systemic perturbations after recovery","volume":"14","author":"Frere","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2006.12.005","article-title":"Influence of poly I:C on sickness behaviors, plasma cytokines, corticosterone and central monoamine activity: Moderation by social stressors","volume":"21","author":"Gandhi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12139","article-title":"Minocycline: Far beyond an antibiotic","volume":"169","author":"Garrido-Mesa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.11.010","article-title":"Poly I:C-induced activation of the immune response is accompanied by depression and anxiety-like behaviours, kynurenine pathway activation and reduced BDNF expression","volume":"28","author":"Gibney","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-5-15","article-title":"Minocycline attenuates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation, sickness behavior, and anhedonia","volume":"5","author":"Henry","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"7568","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38933.585764.AE","article-title":"Post-infective and chronic fatigue syndromes precipitated by viral and non-viral pathogens: prospective cohort study","volume":"333","author":"Hickie","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2024.114856","article-title":"Minocycline mitigated enduring neurological consequences in the mice model of sepsis","volume":"461","author":"Hosseini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e525","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2013.54","article-title":"Minocycline selectively inhibits M1 polarization of microglia","volume":"4","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2021.06.002","article-title":"Insights from myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome may help unravel the pathogenesis of postacute COVID-19 syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Komaroff","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1187163","article-title":"ME\/CFS and Long COVID share similar symptoms and biological abnormalities: Road map to the literature","volume":"10","author":"Komaroff","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2025.103073","article-title":"Post infectious fatigue and circadian rhythm disruption in long-COVID and other infections: a need for further research","volume":"80","author":"Livieratos","year":"2025","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e406","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(22)00042-1","article-title":"Acute COVID-19 severity and mental health morbidity trajectories in patient populations of six nations: an observational study","volume":"7","author":"Magn\u00fasd\u00f3ttir","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-021-01104-y","article-title":"Pathological sequelae of long-haul COVID","volume":"23","author":"Mehandru","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"issue":"6585","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abm8108","article-title":"The immunology and immunopathology of COVID-19","volume":"375","author":"Merad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13542","article-title":"Disturbances in sleep, circadian rhythms and daytime functioning in relation to coronavirus infection and Long-COVID: a multinational ICOSS study","volume":"31","author":"Merikanto","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Sleep Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-023-02975-8","article-title":"Low-dose PLX5622 treatment prevents neuroinflammatory and neurocognitive sequelae after sepsis","volume":"20","author":"Mein","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-023-03554-x","article-title":"Stress-induced neuroinflammation of the spinal cord is restrained by Cort113176 (dazucorilant), a specific glucocorticoid receptor modulator","volume":"61","author":"Meyer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01283-z","article-title":"Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Nalbandian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-021-01113-x","article-title":"Immunological dysfunction persists for 8 months following initial mild-to-moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"23","author":"Phetsouphanh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"issue":"5604","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1038\/266730a0","article-title":"Depression: a new animal model sensitive to antidepressant treatments","volume":"266","author":"Porsolt","year":"1977","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3939","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01786-2","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 promotes microglial synapse elimination in human brain organoids","volume":"27","author":"Samudyata","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"773","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.ado2104","article-title":"Animal models of Long Covid: a hit-and-run disease","volume":"16","author":"Sch\u00e4fer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4193","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac270","article-title":"COVID-19 induces CNS cytokine expression and loss of hippocampal neurogenesis","volume":"145","author":"Soung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00084-5","article-title":"6-month neurological and psychiatric outcomes in 236,379 survivors of COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study using electronic health records","volume":"8","author":"Taquet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(22)00260-7","article-title":"Neurological and psychiatric risk trajectories after SARS-CoV-2 infection: an analysis of 2-year retrospective cohort studies including 1,284,437 patients","volume":"9","author":"Taquet","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2024.1351685","article-title":"Context is key: Glucocorticoid receptor and corticosteroid therapeutics in outcomes after traumatic brain injury","volume":"18","author":"Taylor","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1038\/s41684-023-01231-z","article-title":"Animal models to study the neurological manifestations of the post-COVID-19 condition","volume":"52","author":"Usai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lab Anim."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-023-00822-2","article-title":"Drugging the NLRP3 inflammasome: from signalling mechanisms to therapeutic targets","volume":"23","author":"Vande Walle","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2022.102608","article-title":"Neuroinflammation and COVID-19","volume":"76","author":"Vanderheiden","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2022.2640","article-title":"Associations of depression, anxiety, worry, perceived stress, and loneliness prior to infection with risk of post-COVID-19 conditions","volume":"79","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiat."},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13820","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1671-13.2013","article-title":"Stress-induced recruitment of bone marrow-derived monocytes to the brain promotes anxiety-like behavior","volume":"33","author":"Wohleb","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2024-081318","article-title":"Interventions for the management of long covid (post-covid condition): living systematic review","volume":"387","author":"Zeraatkar","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci15020128","article-title":"Minocycline ameliorates Staphylococcus aureus-induced neuroinflammation and anxiety-like behaviors by regulating the TLR2 and STAT3 pathways in microglia","volume":"15","author":"Zou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain Sci."}],"container-title":["Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S030645222600432X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S030645222600432X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T13:21:39Z","timestamp":1791465699000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S030645222600432X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["S030645222600432X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-4522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-4522","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Chronic stress primes TLR3-mediated systemic inflammation to produce persistent post-viral fatigue syndrome-like symptoms in mice","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neuroscience","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.07.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of International Brain Research Organization (IBRO).","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}