{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T08:50:52Z","timestamp":1791881452635,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ibroneuroscience.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T06:01:09Z","timestamp":1789365669000},"page":"156-162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["DNA methylation changes associated with Parkinson\u2019s disease in SNCA"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"616","author":[{"given":"Anele","family":"Ntuli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chantel","family":"Jughoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thabisile","family":"Mpofana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3113-3143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lelika","family":"Lazarus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2013.11.033","article-title":"Hypomethylation of SNCA in blood of patients with sporadic Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"337","author":"Ai","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12020175","article-title":"Environmental impact on the epigenetic mechanisms underlying Parkinson\u2019s disease pathogenesis: a narrative review","volume":"12","author":"Angelopoulou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616","article-title":"Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework","volume":"8","author":"Arksey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Soc. Res. Methodol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00218","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease and the environment","volume":"10","author":"Ball","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1235840","article-title":"Epigenetic regulation of Parkinson\u2019s disease risk variant GPNMB cg17274742 methylation by sex and exercise from Taiwan Biobank","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020_b0030","first-page":"1","article-title":"Genetics of Parkinson\u2019s disease","author":"Cherian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Belg."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1007\/s12017-011-8163-9","article-title":"Next-generation sequencing reveals regional differences of the \u03b1-synuclein methylation state independent of Lewy body disease","volume":"13","author":"De Boni","year":"2011","journal-title":"NeuroMol. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.30094","article-title":"\u03b1\u2010synuclein gene hypomethylation in LRRK2 Parkinson\u2019s disease patients","volume":"40","author":"de Mena","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9031","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C110.212589","article-title":"\u03b1-Synuclein sequesters Dnmt1 from the nucleus: a novel mechanism for epigenetic alterations in Lewy body diseases","volume":"286","author":"Desplats","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01353-3","article-title":"Signaling pathways in Parkinson\u2019s disease: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions","volume":"8","author":"Dong-Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.2017.1368141","article-title":"Epigenetic approach to early-onset Parkinson\u2019s disease: low methylation status of SNCA and PARK2 promoter regions","volume":"39","author":"Eryilmaz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3390\/epigenomes7010005","article-title":"SNCA gene methylation in Parkinson\u2019s disease and multiple system atrophy","volume":"7","author":"Fedotova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Epigenomes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.652226","article-title":"Cell-type specific changes in DNA methylation of SNCA intron 1 in synucleinopathy brains","volume":"15","author":"Gu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s13041-017-0285-z","article-title":"Hypomethylation of intron1 of \u03b1-synuclein gene does not correlate with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"10","author":"Guhathakurta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Brain"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1080\/15592294.2019.1588682","article-title":"DNA methylation changes associated with Parkinson\u2019s disease progression: outcomes from the first longitudinal genome-wide methylation analysis in blood","volume":"14","author":"Henderson-Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"issue":"2 (45)","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.32607\/actanaturae.11157","article-title":"The SNCA-Rep1 polymorphic locus: association with the risk of Parkinson\u2019s disease and SNCA gene methylation","volume":"12","author":"Iakovenko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Naturae (A\u043d\u0433\u043bo\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0447\u043da\u044f \u0412epc\u0438\u044f)"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6355","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6119-09.2010","article-title":"Methylation regulates alpha-synuclein expression and is decreased in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients' brains","volume":"30","author":"Jowaed","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14112097","article-title":"The landscape of monogenic Parkinson\u2019s disease in populations of non-European ancestry: a narrative review","volume":"14","author":"Koros","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117172","article-title":"Impact of motor and nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson disease for the quality of life: the Japanese Quality-of-Life Survey of Parkinson Disease (JAQPAD) study","volume":"419","author":"Kurihara","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28421","article-title":"Hypomethylation of SNCA in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder associated with phenoconversion","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30195-4","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease in the Western Pacific Region","volume":"18","author":"Lim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015522","article-title":"CpG demethylation enhances alpha-synuclein expression and affects the pathogenesis of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"5","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2017.00225","article-title":"Implications of DNA methylation in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"10","author":"Miranda-Morales","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2025.1612544","article-title":"Differential methylation of SNCA and MAPT genes associated with Parkinson\u2019s disease in Mexican Mestizos","volume":"17","author":"Miranda-Morales","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.11124\/JBIES-21-00483","article-title":"What are scoping reviews? Providing a formal definition of scoping reviews as a type of evidence synthesis","volume":"20","author":"Munn","year":"2022","journal-title":"JBI Evidence Synth."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.3390\/cells7100150","article-title":"Epigenetic study in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a pilot analysis of DNA methylation in candidate genes in brain","volume":"7","author":"Navarro-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01199-7","article-title":"A brain-penetrant stearoyl-CoA desaturase inhibitor reverses \u03b1-synuclein toxicity","volume":"19","author":"Nuber","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00577","article-title":"LRRK2 and \u03b1-synuclein: distinct or synergistic players in Parkinson\u2019s disease?","volume":"14","author":"O\u2019Hara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.776847","article-title":"Global trends in the incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability of Parkinson\u2019s disease in 204 countries\/territories from 1990 to 2019","volume":"9","author":"Ou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9547","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24119547","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease: from genetics and epigenetics to treatment, a miRNA-based strategy","volume":"24","author":"Paccosi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26073","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease correlates with promoter methylation in the \u03b1\u2010synuclein gene","volume":"30","author":"Pihlstr\u00f8m","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2022.12.002","article-title":"The role of DNA methylation in progression of neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases as well as the prospect of using DNA methylation inhibitors as therapeutic agents for such disorders","volume":"14","author":"Rasmi","year":"2023","journal-title":"IBRO Neurosci. Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.24907","article-title":"No evidence for differential methylation of \u03b1\u2010synuclein in leukocyte DNA of Parkinson\u2019s disease patients","volume":"27","author":"Richter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1007\/s00044-024-03203-5","article-title":"Motor and non-motor symptoms, drugs, and their mode of action in Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD): a review","volume":"33","author":"Saini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. Chem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2022.971298","article-title":"DNA methylation as a mediator of genetic and environmental influences on Parkinson\u2019s disease susceptibility: impacts of alpha-Synuclein, physical activity, and pesticide exposure on the epigenome","volume":"13","author":"Schaffner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7830","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-024-03974-3","article-title":"The alpha-synuclein gene (SNCA) is a genomic target of Methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2)\u2014implications for Parkinson\u2019s disease and Rett syndrome","volume":"61","author":"Schmitt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2687","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032687","article-title":"DNA methylation of \u03b1-synuclein intron 1 is significantly decreased in the frontal cortex of Parkinson\u2019s individuals with GBA1 mutations","volume":"24","author":"Smith","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2014.03.076","article-title":"Pyrosequencing analysis of SNCA methylation levels in leukocytes from Parkinson\u2019s disease patients","volume":"569","author":"Song","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2023.1123621","article-title":"Epigenetic modification in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"11","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2024-080952","article-title":"Projections for prevalence of Parkinson\u2019s disease and its driving factors in 195 countries and territories to 2050: modelling study of global burden of disease study 2021","volume":"388","author":"Su","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2013.12.002","article-title":"Methylation of \u03b1-synuclein and leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 in leukocyte DNA of Parkinson\u2019s disease patients","volume":"20","author":"Tan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3199","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19103199","article-title":"Pharmacoepigenomic interventions as novel potential treatments for Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s diseases","volume":"19","author":"Teijido","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-023-00568-z","article-title":"Linking environmental risk factors with epigenetic mechanisms in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"9","author":"Tsalenchuk","year":"2023","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinson\u2019s Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.3390\/biology12020152","article-title":"Dynamic regulation of DNA methylation and brain functions","volume":"12","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-023-05548-w","article-title":"Omics data integration suggests a potential idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease signature","volume":"6","author":"Zagare","year":"2023","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-201912","article-title":"SNCA hypomethylation in rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder is a potential biomarker for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"10","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Parkinson\u2019s Dis."}],"container-title":["Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306452226006317?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0306452226006317?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T08:23:32Z","timestamp":1791879812000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0306452226006317"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S0306452226006317"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-4522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-4522","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"DNA methylation changes associated with Parkinson\u2019s disease in SNCA","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neuroscience","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2026.09.020","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of International Brain Research Organization (IBRO).","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}