{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T16:08:21Z","timestamp":1789229301868,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":161,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","neurotherapeuticsjournal.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurotherapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T09:14:24Z","timestamp":1775898864000},"page":"e00902","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Neuromodulation of the central nervous system for facial pain"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Jason","family":"Yuen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Loh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghazaleh","family":"Darmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Can","family":"Sarica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikunj","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andres M.","family":"Lozano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mojgan","family":"Hodaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib1","first-page":"316","article-title":"Pain and the quality of life in patients referred to a craniofacial pain unit","volume":"10","author":"Murray","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Orofac Pain"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034518773310","article-title":"DEEP study: indirect and out-of-pocket costs of persistent orofacial pain","volume":"97","author":"Breckons","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence of orofacial and head pain: an umbrella review of systematic reviews","volume":"38","author":"Porporatti","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Oral Facial Pain Headache"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417738202","article-title":"The international classification of headache disorders, 3rd edition","volume":"38","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-024-00523-z","article-title":"Trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"10","author":"Ashina","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-017-0609-9","article-title":"Atypical facial pain: a comprehensive, evidence-based review","volume":"21","author":"Weiss","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib7","series-title":"Diagnosis and management of head and face pain : a practical approach","author":"Petersen","year":"2018"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.3171\/2021.12.JNS212869","article-title":"Clinical outcomes and complications of peripheral nerve field stimulation in the management of refractory trigeminal pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"137","author":"Sarica","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-025-01409-0","article-title":"Modulating neuroplasticity for chronic pain relief: noninvasive neuromodulation as a promising approach","volume":"57","author":"Jayathilake","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417704187","article-title":"Mechanisms of craniofacial pain","volume":"37","author":"Chichorro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2022.0004","article-title":"Neuromodulation for trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"65","author":"Chung","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.2","article-title":"Neuropathic pain","volume":"3","author":"Colloca","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.recesp.2021.06.016","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"74","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev Esp Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib14","series-title":"OSF registration - \u201ccentral neuromodulation for facial pain\u201d","author":"Yuen","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2017.00641","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS): a beginner's guide for design and implementation","volume":"11","author":"Thair","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib16","first-page":"890","article-title":"Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the motor cortex ameliorates chronic pain and reduces","author":"Antal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Short Intracortical Inhibition"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.234.189","article-title":"Analgesic effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on central post-stroke pain","volume":"234","author":"Bae","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tohoku J Exp Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/1129-2377-15-78","article-title":"Patient-conducted anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the motor cortex alleviates pain in trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"15","author":"Hagenacker","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S367","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.934361","article-title":"The treatment of orofacial pain by using transcranial direct current stimulation","volume":"68","author":"Fricov\u00e1","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2022.848347","article-title":"A preliminary study of the efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation in trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"16","author":"Babakhani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00114","article-title":"Effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on pain management: a systematic narrative review","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/gpsych-2019-100074","article-title":"Efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in treatment-resistant depression: the evidence thus far","volume":"32","author":"Somani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0987-7053(01)00260-X","article-title":"Interventional neurophysiology for pain control: duration of pain relief following repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex","volume":"31","author":"Lefaucheur","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurophysiol Clin"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1998","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000247138.85330.88","article-title":"Somatotopic organization of the analgesic effects of motor cortex rTMS in neuropathic pain","volume":"67","author":"Lefaucheur","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.03.022","article-title":"Long-term treatment of chronic orofacial, pudendal, and central neuropathic limb pain with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex","volume":"131","author":"Hodaj","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2022.03.001","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability in patients with chronic facial pain of two consecutive treatment periods of rTMS applied over the facial motor cortex, using protocols differing in stimulation frequency, duration, and train pattern","volume":"52","author":"S\u00e4is\u00e4nen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurophysiol Clin"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2003.022236","article-title":"Neurogenic pain relief by repetitive transcranial magnetic cortical stimulation depends on the origin and the site of pain","volume":"75","author":"Lefaucheur","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.055806","article-title":"Longlasting antalgic effects of daily sessions of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in central and peripheral neuropathic pain","volume":"76","author":"Khedr","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.2018.1453636","article-title":"Time course of the response to navigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation at 10 Hz in chronic neuropathic pain","volume":"40","author":"Lawson McLean","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurol Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2015.01.416","article-title":"Treatment of chronic facial pain including cluster headache by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex with maintenance sessions: a naturalistic study","volume":"8","author":"Hodaj","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2012.05.002","article-title":"Transcranial ultrasound (TUS) effects on mental states: a pilot study","volume":"6","author":"Hameroff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2023.01.013","article-title":"Implantable subdural cortical stimulation for chronic intractable pain treatment-the Mayo experience and review of literature","volume":"27","author":"Yuen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.4763","article-title":"Effects of multiple transcranial magnetic stimulation sessions on pain relief in patients with chronic neuropathic pain: a French cohort study in real-world clinical practice","volume":"29","author":"Thomas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01229-4","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for addictive disorders-where are we now?","volume":"19","author":"Yuen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4174","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad142","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation alleviates tics in Tourette syndrome via striatal dopamine transmission","volume":"146","author":"Rusheen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1159\/000521372","article-title":"Where are we with deep brain stimulation? A review of scientific publications and ongoing research","volume":"100","author":"Harmsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(17)30371-1","article-title":"Subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression: a multisite, randomised, sham-controlled trial","volume":"4","author":"Holtzheimer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-020-00933-x","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): emerging or established therapy?","volume":"26","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E13","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.5.FOCUS1094","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation of the posteromedial hypothalamus: indications, long-term results, and neurophysiological considerations","volume":"29","author":"Franzini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.5.FOCUS18160","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for intractable neuropathic facial pain","volume":"45","author":"Ben-Haim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1093\/ons\/opaa170","article-title":"Case series: deep brain stimulation for facial pain","volume":"19","author":"Kashanian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oper Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1239092","article-title":"Periaqueductal\/periventricular gray deep brain stimulation for the treatment of neuropathic facial pain","volume":"14","author":"Mandat","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofac631","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac631","article-title":"Deep brain stimulator device infection: the Mayo clinic Rochester experience","volume":"10","author":"Tabaja","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.03.044","article-title":"Upper cervical spinal cord stimulation as an alternative treatment in trigeminal neuropathy","volume":"114","author":"Vel\u00e1squez","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12215","article-title":"The appropriate use of neurostimulation: stimulation of the intracranial and extracranial space and head for chronic pain. Neuromodulation appropriateness consensus committee","volume":"17","author":"Deer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1403.2003.03003.x","article-title":"Cervical spinal cord stimulation for pain: a report on 41 patients","volume":"6","author":"Simpson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2025.111224","article-title":"Analysis of the effects of combined electrical spinal cord stimulation and pregabalin therapy in patients with herpes zoster trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"136","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4637.2001.01029.x","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for chronic pain: results of two multicenter trials and a structured review","volume":"2","author":"Coffey","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3757","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S475351","article-title":"Pathophysiology of pain and mechanisms of neuromodulation: a narrative review (A neuron project)","volume":"17","author":"Karcz","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2014.11.006","article-title":"The dynamic pain connectome","volume":"38","author":"Kucyi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.05.062","article-title":"Motor cortex stimulation for neuropathic pain: from phenomenology to mechanisms","volume":"37","author":"Garcia-Larrea","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.06.033","article-title":"GABAergic interneurons in the neocortex: from cellular properties to circuits","volume":"91","author":"Tremblay","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.04.024","article-title":"Distinct corticostriatal GABAergic neurons modulate striatal output neurons and motor activity","volume":"19","author":"Melzer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7574","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0174-13.2013","article-title":"Chronic pain: lost inhibition?","volume":"33","author":"Henderson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"7960","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05964-2","article-title":"A somato-cognitive action network alternates with effector regions in motor cortex","volume":"617","author":"Gordon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2025.09.015","article-title":"Tracking non-motor regions of the motor cortex with navigated TMS for the treatment of chronic pain","volume":"18","author":"Lefaucheur","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2024.148832","article-title":"Thalamic segmentation based on diffusion tensor imaging in patients with trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"1830","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2010.06.006","article-title":"Functional brain imaging of trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"15","author":"Moisset","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000003365","article-title":"Advanced neuroimaging of the trigeminal nerve and the whole brain in trigeminal neuralgia: a systematic review","volume":"166","author":"Watanabe","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.08.029","article-title":"Abnormal trigeminal nerve microstructure and brain white matter in idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"155","author":"DeSouza","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30233-7","article-title":"Advances in diagnosis, classification, pathophysiology, and management of trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"19","author":"Bendtsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2017.00073","article-title":"Affective circuitry alterations in patients with trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"11","author":"Hayes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Neuroanat"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002164","article-title":"Brainstem trigeminal fiber microstructural abnormalities are associated with treatment response across subtypes of trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"162","author":"Tohyama","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib64","article-title":"Hippocampus diffusivity abnormalities in classical trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"9","author":"Hanycz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pain Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000156","article-title":"Reversal of insular and microstructural nerve abnormalities following effective surgical treatment for trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"156","author":"DeSouza","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.07.004","article-title":"Pain relief reverses hippocampal abnormalities in trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"23","author":"Noorani","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101911","article-title":"Selective hippocampal subfield volume reductions in classic trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"23","author":"Vaculik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0066340","article-title":"Sensorimotor and pain modulation brain abnormalities in trigeminal neuralgia: a paroxysmal, sensory-triggered neuropathic pain","volume":"8","author":"Desouza","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-016-9529-2","article-title":"Reduced volume of gray matter in patients with trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-021-02323-4","article-title":"The thalamus in trigeminal neuralgia: structural and metabolic abnormalities, and influence on surgical response","volume":"21","author":"Danyluk","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.02.029","article-title":"Gray matter volume reduction reflects chronic pain in trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"74","author":"Obermann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/s12868-021-00681-w","article-title":"Longitudinal alterations of the cisternal segment of trigeminal nerve and brain pain-matrix regions in patients with trigeminal neuralgia before and after treatment","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib73","article-title":"The alteration of the sensorimotor network in trigeminal neuralgia after microvascular decompression surgery: a follow-up study using independent component analysis","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2018.00107","article-title":"Dysregulation of Pain- and emotion-related networks in trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib75","article-title":"Alterations of degree centrality and functional connectivity in classic trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.102027","article-title":"Modular organization of brain resting state networks in patients with classical trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"24","author":"Tsai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-019-00105-8","article-title":"Frequency-specific alterations in cortical rhythms and functional connectivity in trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib78","first-page":"148","article-title":"A study of brain function changes in patients with trigeminal neuralgia of different laterality based on rs-fMRI","volume":"39","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Oral Facial Pain Headache"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.12.043","article-title":"Spinal dorsal horn neuron response to mechanical stimuli is decreased by electrical stimulation of the primary motor cortex","volume":"1036","author":"Senapati","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-020-01174-7","article-title":"Optogenetic stimulation of the motor cortex alleviates neuropathic pain in rats of infraorbital nerve injury with\/without CGRP knock-down","volume":"21","author":"Islam","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13038","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and trigeminal pain: a preclinical study","volume":"25","author":"Callai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2023.09.013","article-title":"Disrupting nociceptive information processing flow through transcranial focused ultrasound neuromodulation of thalamic nuclei","volume":"16","author":"Mishra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib83","series-title":"A pilot trial of longitudinal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for chronic neuropathic pain","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib84","series-title":"Effect of noninvasive neuromodulation on chronic pain and anxiety levels in individuals with temporomandibular disorders","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib85","series-title":"Unilateral transcranial magnetic stimulation of the primary motor cortex to treat chronic orofacial pain: a pilot study with a randomized controlled design","author":"Bilateral","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib86","series-title":"An investigation of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for trigeminal neuralgia (TGN)","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib87","series-title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation and\/or neurofunctional electrical acupuncture in the rehabilitation of patients with myofascial chronic pain","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib88","series-title":"A clinical evaluation for the management of patients with chronic neuropathic pain with cortical stimulation","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib89","series-title":"Burst-deep brain stimulation of the thalamus for neuropathic facial pain and central poststroke pain: a prospective, randomized cross-over feasibility trial","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib90","series-title":"Deep brain stimulation for refractory trigeminal neuralgia with a pontine lesion: a pilot study","year":"2022"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9070731","article-title":"Centromedian-parafascicular and somatosensory thalamic deep brain stimulation for treatment of chronic neuropathic pain: a contemporary series of 40 patients","volume":"9","author":"Abdallat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-211-33081-4_13","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for neuropathic pain","volume":"97","author":"Owen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102419893823","article-title":"International classification of orofacial pain, 1st edition (ICOP)","volume":"40","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1093\/neurosurgery\/21.CN_suppl_1.334","article-title":"Stereotactic anterior cingulate lesions for persistent pain: a report on 68 cases","volume":"21","author":"Hurt","year":"1974","journal-title":"Clin Neurosurg"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib95","first-page":"353","article-title":"The role of rostral cingulumotomy in \"pain\" relief","volume":"6","author":"Foltz","year":"1968","journal-title":"Int J Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199911000-00023","article-title":"Bilateral anterior cingulotomy for chronic noncancer pain","volume":"45","author":"Wilkinson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib97","first-page":"537","article-title":"Anterior cingulotomy for the treatment of chronic intractable pain: a systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Sharim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"issue":"Suppl1","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.7.GKS181583","article-title":"Medial gamma knife thalamotomy for intractable pain","volume":"129","author":"Urgosik","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.25259\/SNI_562_2024","article-title":"Effectiveness of thalamotomy with gamma knife radiosurgery as a multitarget strategy in patients with complex trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"15","author":"Leal-Isaza","year":"2024","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.3171\/2023.10.JNS23661","article-title":"Bilateral focused ultrasound medial thalamotomies for trigeminal neuropathic pain: a randomized controlled study","volume":"140","author":"Ishaque","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.3171\/2023.1.JNS222879","article-title":"Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound central lateral thalamotomy against chronic and therapy-resistant neuropathic pain: retrospective long-term follow-up analysis of 63 interventions","volume":"139","author":"Gallay","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1159\/000444762","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation of the ventroposteromedial (VPM) thalamus 10 years after VPM thalamotomy to treat a recurrent facial pain","volume":"94","author":"Yamgoue","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2025.12870","article-title":"Staged cingulotomy and capsulotomy for trigeminal neuropathic pain: a case report","volume":"29","author":"Sozer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib104","article-title":"Are we underestimating the neuromodulation of the affective component of pain?","author":"Villalba-Martinez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00271","article-title":"Single center experience","volume":"11","author":"Gallay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000551355","article-title":"Is it safe to have deep brain stimulation after MRI-guided focused ultrasound ablation? A report of three cases and review of literature","author":"Yuen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.3171\/2022.5.JNS22350","article-title":"Comparison of the impact of skull density ratio with alternative skull metrics on magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for tremor","volume":"138","author":"Yuen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocpiqo.2021.11.007","article-title":"Hyperostosis in combination with low skull density ratio: a potential contraindication for magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy","volume":"6","author":"Yuen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outc"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0000000000000174","article-title":"Motor cortex stimulation for neuropathic pain syndromes: a case series experience","volume":"25","author":"Buchanan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1159\/000323338","article-title":"Motor cortex stimulation for trigeminal neuropathic or deafferentation pain: an institutional case series experience","volume":"89","author":"Raslan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bnd.2024.11.002","article-title":"Targeting the centromedian nucleus of the thalamus for epilepsy","volume":"1","author":"Bazarra Castro","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain Network Disorders"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.3171\/2024.4.JNS24286","article-title":"Optimizing indirect targeting of the centromedian nucleus for deep brain stimulation by incorporating third ventricular anatomy","volume":"142","author":"Singh","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1973.00490270040005","article-title":"Chronic thalamic stimulation for the control of facial anesthesia dolorosa","volume":"29","author":"Hosobuchi","year":"1973","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198712000-00017","article-title":"Treatment of chronic pain by deep brain stimulation: long term follow-up and review of the literature","volume":"21","author":"Levy","year":"1987","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2024.04.013","article-title":"ITRUSST consensus on standardised reporting for transcranial ultrasound stimulation","volume":"17","author":"Martin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.12.010","article-title":"Non-invasive transcranial ultrasound stimulation for neuromodulation","volume":"135","author":"Darmani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.05.002","article-title":"Human studies of transcranial ultrasound neuromodulation: a systematic review of effectiveness and safety","volume":"15","author":"Sarica","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8024","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-63020-1","article-title":"Ultrasound system for precise neuromodulation of human deep brain circuits","volume":"16","author":"Martin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2829","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000003322","article-title":"Noninvasive targeted modulation of pain circuits with focused ultrasonic waves","volume":"165","author":"Riis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.06.173","article-title":"Long-term results of deep brain stimulation of the anterior cingulate cortex for neuropathic pain","volume":"106","author":"Boccard","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.focus.20109","article-title":"Sonication of the anterior thalamus with MRI-guided transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) alters pain thresholds in healthy adults: a double-blind, sham-controlled study","volume":"20","author":"Badran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Focus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2020.112888","article-title":"The development of an implantable deep brain stimulation device with simultaneous chronic electrophysiological recording and stimulation in humans","volume":"176","author":"Goyal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8299","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26527-w","article-title":"Local field potential decoding of the onset and intensity of acute pain in rats","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00065.2024","article-title":"Neuroscience of the human thalamus related to acute pain and chronic \"thalamic\" pain","volume":"132","author":"Lenz","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib125","article-title":"A multimodal platform for real-time neurochemical and electrophysiologic monitoring for intraoperative neurosurgical applications","author":"Shin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-211-35205-2_11","article-title":"Stimulation of primary motor cortex for intractable deafferentation pain","volume":"99","author":"Saitoh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib127","first-page":"S125","author":"Fricova","year":"2013"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.864","article-title":"Analgesic effects of navigated motor cortex rTMS in patients with chronic neuropathic pain","volume":"20","author":"Ayache","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib129","first-page":"49","volume":"vol. 3","author":"Poydasheva","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2005.07.020","article-title":"Motor cortex stimulation for refractory neuropathic pain: four year outcome and predictors of efficacy","volume":"118","author":"Nuti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib131","first-page":"344","article-title":"Combination of functional magnetic resonance imaging-guided neuronavigation and intraoperative cortical brain mapping improves targeting of motor cortex stimulation in neuropathic pain","volume":"56","author":"Pirotte","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib132","first-page":"2256","article-title":"Comparison of functional MR imaging guidance to electrical cortical mapping for targeting selective motor cortex areas in neuropathic pain: a study based on intraoperative stereotactic navigation","volume":"26","author":"Pirotte","year":"2005","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2005.12.006","article-title":"Motor cortex stimulation for long-term relief of chronic neuropathic pain: a 10 year experience","volume":"121","author":"Rasche","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"Pt 6","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp035","article-title":"Motor cortex stimulation for the treatment of refractory peripheral neuropathic pain","volume":"132","author":"Lefaucheur","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib135","series-title":"Neuromodulation","first-page":"515","article-title":"Chapter 40 - motor cortex stimulation for the treatment of neuropathic pain","author":"Nguyen","year":"2009"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2010000600018","article-title":"Motor cortex electric stimulation for the treatment of neuropathic pain","volume":"68","author":"Fagundes-Pereyra","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.07.042","article-title":"Brain opioid receptor density predicts motor cortex stimulation efficacy for chronic pain","volume":"154","author":"Maarrawi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2014\/17\/53","article-title":"Is life better after motor cortex stimulation for pain control? Results at long-term and their prediction by preoperative rTMS","volume":"17","author":"Andre-Obadia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-014-2240-4","article-title":"Subdural motor cortex stimulation: feasibility, efficacy and security on a series of 18 consecutive cases with a follow-up of at least 3 years","volume":"156","author":"Delavallee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.17116\/neiro201579646-60","article-title":"Results of motor cortex stimulation in the treatment of chronic pain syndromes","volume":"79","author":"Isagulyan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zh Vopr Neirokhir Im N N Burdenko"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1159\/000375177","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of motor cortex stimulation for neuropathic pain in 23 patients","volume":"93","author":"Slotty","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib142","first-page":"52","article-title":"Treatment of central deafferentation and trigeminal neuropathic pain by motor cortex stimulation: report of a series of 20 patients","volume":"77","author":"Kolodziej","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurol Surg Cent Eur Neurosurg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000001353","article-title":"Clinical significance of invasive motor cortex stimulation for trigeminal facial neuropathic pain syndromes","volume":"79","author":"Rasche","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12547","article-title":"The effect of motor cortex stimulation on central poststroke pain in a series of 16 patients with a mean Follow-Up of 28 months","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0191774","article-title":"Long-term effect of motor cortex stimulation in patients suffering from chronic neuropathic pain: an observational study","volume":"13","author":"Henssen","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2994","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab189","article-title":"Motor cortex stimulation for chronic neuropathic pain: results of a double-blind randomized study","volume":"144","author":"Hamani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib147","first-page":"179","article-title":"Monopolar electrical stimulation of nucleus ventroposteromedialis thalami for postherpetic facial pain","volume":"45","author":"Siegfried","year":"1982","journal-title":"Appl Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199704000-00015","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for intractable pain: a 15-year experience","volume":"40","author":"Kumar","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(02)00277-4","article-title":"Thalamic field potentials in chronic central pain treated by periventricular gray stimulation -- a series of eight cases","volume":"101","author":"Nandi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S138","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-007-0767-3","article-title":"Update on neurosurgical treatment of chronic trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias and atypical facial pain with deep brain stimulation of posterior hypothalamus: results and comments","volume":"28","author":"Broggi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S65","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-008-0891-8","article-title":"Neuromodulation in treatment of refractory headaches","volume":"29","author":"Franzini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458509107018","article-title":"Hypothalamic stimulation for trigeminal neuralgia in multiple sclerosis patients: efficacy on the paroxysmal ophthalmic pain","volume":"15","author":"Cordella","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1159\/000446608","article-title":"Characterising the analgesic effect of different targets for deep brain stimulation in trigeminal anaesthesia dolorosa","volume":"94","author":"Sims-Williams","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2015.04.005","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for chronic pain","volume":"22","author":"Boccard","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2010.01829.x","article-title":"Cervicomedullary junction spinal cord stimulation for head and facial pain","volume":"51","author":"Tomycz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023","article-title":"Cervical and cervicomedullary spinal cord stimulation for chronic pain: efficacy and outcomes","volume":"127","author":"Chivukula","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.10.057","article-title":"Outcome of surgical treatments of chronic pain caused by trigeminal neuropathy","volume":"170","author":"Basha","year":"2023","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.25259\/SNI_60_2023","article-title":"Percutaneous high cervical spinal cord stimulation for refractory trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"14","author":"Edelbach","year":"2023","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2024.09.008","article-title":"Cervical spinal cord stimulation for treatment of sympathetically mediated orofacial pain: case series and narrative review","volume":"27","author":"Malik","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib160","first-page":"368","article-title":"Noninvasive transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for the treatment of orofacial pain","volume":"37","author":"Fricova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinol Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2024.120686","article-title":"Modulation of neuronal activity in human centromedian nucleus during an auditory attention and working memory task","volume":"296","author":"Alanazi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuroimage"}],"container-title":["Neurotherapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878747926000723?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878747926000723?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T20:23:44Z","timestamp":1780777424000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1878747926000723"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":161,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1878747926000723"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902","relation":{},"ISSN":["1878-7479"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1878-7479","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Neuromodulation of the central nervous system for facial pain","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neurotherapeutics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e00902","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"e00902"}}