{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T02:03:44Z","timestamp":1790129024358,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001721","name":"Rijksuniversiteit Groningen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001721","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202206310027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202206310027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","neurotherapeuticsjournal.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurotherapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e01044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T16:26:49Z","timestamp":1786724809000},"page":"e01044","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["PARP inhibition attenuates neuroinflammation and demyelination in a rat model of multiple sclerosis: A longitudinal [11C]PBR28 TSPO PET imaging study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Ge","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas F.","family":"Antunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihe","family":"Ming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunhui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart","family":"Cornelissen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik FJ.","family":"de Vries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e01044_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13607","article-title":"Neuroinflammation: the devil is in the details","volume":"139","author":"DiSabato","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e01044_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.122.036946","article-title":"Neuroinflammation, stroke, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, and imaging modalities","volume":"53","author":"Candelario-Jalil","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e01044_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-00435-y","article-title":"Neuroinflammation and microglial activation in Alzheimer disease: where do we go from here?","volume":"17","author":"Leng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e01044_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.09.014","article-title":"Microglia: immune and non-immune functions","volume":"54","author":"Borst","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e01044_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-051116-052358","article-title":"Microglia function in the central nervous system during health and neurodegeneration","volume":"35","author":"Colonna","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e01044_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-020-00221-2","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative disorders: the roles of microglia and astrocytes","volume":"9","author":"Kwon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Neurodegener"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e01044_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2022.10.007","article-title":"Interferon \u03b3: a master cytokine in microglia-mediated neural network dysfunction and neurodegeneration","volume":"45","author":"Kann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e01044_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2020.07.003","article-title":"The role of TGF\u03b2 signaling in microglia maturation and activation","volume":"41","author":"Spittau","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e01044_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbi.2018.11.002","article-title":"PARP family enzymes: regulation and catalysis of the poly(ADP-ribose) posttranslational modification","volume":"53","author":"Langelier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Struct Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e01044_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.06.016","article-title":"The role of PARP-1 and PARP-2 enzymes in metabolic regulation and disease","volume":"16","author":"Bai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e01044_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2017.53","article-title":"The multifaceted roles of PARP1 in DNA repair and chromatin remodelling","volume":"18","author":"Ray Chaudhuri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e01044_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-019-0244-7","article-title":"Ageing as a risk factor for neurodegenerative disease","volume":"15","author":"Hou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e01044_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2833","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-021-06285-1","article-title":"PARP overactivation in neurological disorders","volume":"48","author":"Arruri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e01044_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12416","article-title":"Parthanatos: mitochondrial-linked mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities","volume":"171","author":"Fatokun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e01044_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2905","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2020.1847799","article-title":"PARP14 inhibits microglial activation via LPAR5 to promote post-stroke functional recovery","volume":"17","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e01044_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.15716","article-title":"The role of PARP1 in neurodegenerative diseases and aging","volume":"289","author":"Mao","year":"2022","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e01044_bib17","article-title":"Poly ADP-ribose Polymerase-1 inhibition by 3-aminobenzamide recuperates HEI-OC1 auditory hair cells from blast overpressure-induced cell death","volume":"11","author":"Krishnan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e01044_bib18","article-title":"Therapeutic potentials of poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) inhibition in multiple sclerosis and animal models: concept revisiting","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e01044_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.106314","article-title":"Poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase 1 and parthanatos in neurological diseases: from pathogenesis to therapeutic opportunities","volume":"187","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e01044_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2013.3194","article-title":"PARP-1 inhibition attenuates neuronal loss, microglia activation and neurological deficits after traumatic brain injury","volume":"31","author":"Stoica","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e01044_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3125","article-title":"Neuronal morphometry directly from bitmap images","volume":"11","author":"Ferreira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e01044_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2012.02.002","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide activates ERK-PARP-1-RelA pathway and promotes nuclear factor-\u03baB transcription in murine macrophages","volume":"73","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e01044_bib23","article-title":"PARP1 promotes gene expression at the post-transcriptiona level by modulating the RNA-binding protein HuR","volume":"8","author":"Ke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e01044_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065355","article-title":"Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in RAW264.7 macrophages of malvidin, a major red wine polyphenol","volume":"8","author":"Bognar","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e01044_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.440070105","article-title":"The origin and nature of ramified and amoeboid microglia: a historical review and current concepts","volume":"7","author":"Ling","year":"1993","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e01044_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458514526941","article-title":"PET imaging of glucose metabolism, neuroinflammation and demyelination in the lysolecithin rat model for multiple sclerosis","volume":"20","author":"de Paula Faria","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e01044_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-8-152","article-title":"Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 modulates microglial responses to amyloid \u03b2","volume":"8","author":"Kauppinen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e01044_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2018.10.026","article-title":"Poly(ADP-ribosylated) proteins in \u03b2-amyloid peptide-stimulated microglial cells","volume":"167","author":"Correani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e01044_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706837","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of PJ34, a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor, in transient focal cerebral ischemia in mice","volume":"149","author":"Haddad","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e01044_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3270","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.052712399","article-title":"Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 dependence of stress-induced transcription factors and associated gene expression in glia","volume":"99","author":"Ha","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e01044_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.4.2113","article-title":"Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 regulates activation of activator protein-1 in murine fibroblasts","volume":"170","author":"Andreone","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e01044_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45145","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M307957200","article-title":"Transcriptional coactivation of nuclear factor-kappab-dependent gene expression by p300 is regulated by poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase-1","volume":"278","author":"Hassa","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e01044_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12201","article-title":"Identification through high-throughput screening of 4'-methoxyflavone and 3',4'-dimethoxyflavone as novel neuroprotective inhibitors of parthanatos","volume":"169","author":"Fatokun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e01044_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-023-01409-w","article-title":"Olaparib attenuates demyelination and neuroinflammation in an organotypic slice culture model of metachromatic leukodystrophy","volume":"20","author":"Mekhaeil","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e01044_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14030687","article-title":"Existing evidence for the repurposing of PARP-1 inhibitors in rare demyelinating diseases","volume":"14","author":"Mekhaeil","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e01044_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.103.063214","article-title":"The therapeutic effects of PJ34 [N-(6-oxo-5,6-dihydrophenanthridin-2-yl)-N,N-dimethylacetamide.HCl], a selective inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis are associated with immunomodulation","volume":"310","author":"Scott","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Therapeut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e01044_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458511399113","article-title":"PARP-1 inhibition prevents CNS migration of dendritic cells during EAE, suppressing the encephalitogenic response and relapse severity","volume":"17","author":"Cavone","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e01044_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2016.09.027","article-title":"Combination strategy of PARP inhibitor with antioxidant prevent bioenergetic deficits and inflammatory changes in CCI-induced neuropathy","volume":"113","author":"Komirishetty","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"}],"container-title":["Neurotherapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S187874792600214X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S187874792600214X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T01:10:23Z","timestamp":1790125823000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S187874792600214X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S187874792600214X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e01044","relation":{},"ISSN":["1878-7479"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1878-7479","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"PARP inhibition attenuates neuroinflammation and demyelination in a rat model of multiple sclerosis: A longitudinal [11C]PBR28 TSPO PET imaging study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neurotherapeutics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurot.2026.e01044","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"e01044"}}