{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T19:29:37Z","timestamp":1786994977152,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,1]],"date-time":"2011-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1320105600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,15]],"date-time":"2015-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1431648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1291,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuroimaging Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,26]],"date-time":"2011-10-26T14:22:51Z","timestamp":1319638971000},"page":"939-950","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Hirayama Disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Yen-Lin","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi-Jen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib1","first-page":"107","article-title":"Non-progressive juvenile spinal muscular atrophy of the distal upper limb (Hirayama\u2019s disease)","volume":"vol. 15","author":"Hirayama","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib2","first-page":"2190","article-title":"Juvenile muscular atrophy of unilateral upper extremity: a new clinical entity","volume":"61","author":"Hirayama","year":"1959","journal-title":"Psychiatr Neurol Jpn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.13.5.373","article-title":"Juvenile muscular atrophy of unilateral upper extremity","volume":"13","author":"Hirayama","year":"1963","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib4","first-page":"313","volume":"12","author":"Hirayama","year":"1972","journal-title":"Rinsho Shinkeigaku"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.39.283","article-title":"Juvenile muscular atrophy of distal upper extremity (Hirayama disease)","volume":"39","author":"Hirayama","year":"2000","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20980","article-title":"A\u00a0clinical study of Hirayama disease in Taiwan","volume":"37","author":"Huang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.3109\/17482960902912407","article-title":"Clinical features of Hirayama disease in mainland China","volume":"11","author":"Zhou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Amyotroph Lateral Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib8","first-page":"85","article-title":"The first autopsy case of \u201cjuvenile muscular atrophy of unilateral upper extremity\u201d","volume":"22","author":"Hirayama","year":"1985","journal-title":"Shinkei Naika (Neurol Med)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S91","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1789.2000.00305.x","article-title":"Juvenile muscular atrophy of distal upper extremity (Hirayama disease): focal cervical ischemic poliomyelopathy","volume":"20","author":"Hirayama","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuropathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1922","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.10.1922","article-title":"Cervical dural sac and spinal cord in juvenile muscular atrophy of distal upper extremity","volume":"54","author":"Hirayama","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.58.1.56","article-title":"Amyotrophic cervical myelopathy in adolescence","volume":"58","author":"Toma","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib12","first-page":"1237","volume":"29","author":"Tokumaru","year":"1989","journal-title":"Rinsho Shinkeigaku"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib13","first-page":"620","volume":"25","author":"Mukai","year":"1985","journal-title":"Rinsho Shinkeigaku"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.2531\/spinalsurg.3.137","article-title":"The overstretch syndrome: a new cervical myelopathy caused by the stretch mechanism of the spinal cord","volume":"3","author":"Mii","year":"1989","journal-title":"Spinal Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib15","first-page":"412","volume":"27","author":"Kikuchi","year":"1987","journal-title":"Rinsho Shinkeigaku"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(96)00296-1","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging in juvenile asymmetric segmental spinal muscular atrophy","volume":"146","author":"Pradhan","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0404.2003.02142.x","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of 44 patients with brachial monomelic amyotrophy","volume":"107","author":"Gourie-Devi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.62.1.120","article-title":"A\u00a0clinical, magnetic resonance imaging, and survival motor neuron gene deletion study of Hirayama disease","volume":"62","author":"Misra","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.52.3.314","article-title":"Non-familial juvenile distal spinal muscular atrophy of upper extremity","volume":"52","author":"Peiris","year":"1989","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.48.3.285","article-title":"Juvenile muscular atrophy of distal upper extremities","volume":"48","author":"Tan","year":"1985","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib21","first-page":"1069","article-title":"MRI findings in Hirayama disease: flexion-induced cervical myelopathy or intrinsic motor neuron disease?","volume":"246","author":"Schroder","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib22","first-page":"105","article-title":"Clinical observation of juvenile non-progressive muscular atrophy localized in hand and forearm","volume":"211","author":"Hashimoto","year":"1976","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib23","first-page":"263","article-title":"MR imaging of the cervical cord in juvenile amyotrophy of distal upper extremity","volume":"10","author":"Biondi","year":"1989","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1080\/14660820500396877","article-title":"Nationwide survey of juvenile muscular atrophy of distal upper extremity (Hirayama disease) in Japan","volume":"7","author":"Tashiro","year":"2006","journal-title":"Amyotroph Lateral Scler Other Motor Neuron Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.59488","article-title":"Familial monomelic amyotrophy (Hirayama disease): two brothers with classical flexion induced dynamic changes of the cervical dural sac","volume":"57","author":"Atchayaram","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurol India"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib26","first-page":"841","volume":"42","author":"Kijima","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rinsho Shinkeigaku"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.12.SPINE09431","article-title":"Hirayama disease","volume":"12","author":"Lin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2010.03.015","article-title":"Pediatric Hirayama disease","volume":"43","author":"Hosokawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410030512","article-title":"Juvenile type of distal and segmental muscular atrophy of upper extremities","volume":"3","author":"Sobue","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1159\/000110335","article-title":"Juvenile lower cervical spinal muscular atrophy in Taiwan: report of 27 Chinese cases","volume":"12","author":"Kao","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181aa5364","article-title":"Bilaterally symmetric form of Hirayama disease","volume":"72","author":"Pradhan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib32","first-page":"353","article-title":"L\u2019atrophie isolee non-progressive des petits muscles de la main: T\u00e9phromalacie ant\u00e9rieure","volume":"25","author":"Marie","year":"1912","journal-title":"Nouv Iconographie Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib33","first-page":"512","article-title":"Sur quelques aspects neuropathologiques des troubles de la circulation dans la moelle \u00e9pini\u00e8re","volume":"24","author":"Lapresle","year":"1969","journal-title":"Bull Schweiz Akad Med Wiss"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib34","first-page":"365","article-title":"Hirayama disease: MR diagnosis","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"1998","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2311030004","article-title":"Hirayama flexion myelopathy: neutral-position MR imaging findings\u2014importance of loss of attachment","volume":"231","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199609150-00005","article-title":"An analysis of the posterior epidural ligament role on the cervical spinal cord","volume":"21","author":"Shinomiya","year":"1996","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199508040-00009","article-title":"Isolated muscle atrophy of the distal upper extremity in cervical spinal cord compressive disorders","volume":"8","author":"Shinomiya","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Spinal Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib38","series-title":"Annual review neurology","first-page":"249","article-title":"Juvenile muscular atrophy of distal upper extremity (Hirayama disease)","author":"Hirayama","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073809336876","article-title":"Symmetric atrophy of bilateral distal upper extremities and hyperIgEaemia in a male adolescent with Hirayama disease","volume":"25","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2003.031609","article-title":"HyperIgEaemia in patients with juvenile muscular atrophy of distal extremity (Hirayama disease)","volume":"76","author":"Ito","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib41","series-title":"Gray\u2019s anatomy","author":"Williams","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib42","series-title":"Disorders of the cervical spine: diagnosis and medical management","first-page":"41","article-title":"Basic anatomy","author":"Bland","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21307","article-title":"Spinal angiography and epidural venography in juvenile muscular atrophy of the distal arm \u201cHirayama disease\u201d","volume":"40","author":"Elsheikh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib44","first-page":"99","volume":"27","author":"Mukai","year":"1987","journal-title":"Rinsho Shinkeigaku"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199802150-00006","article-title":"Spinal deformity and instability after multilevel cervical laminectomy for spondylotic myelopathy","volume":"23","author":"Guigui","year":"1998","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198805000-00004","article-title":"Analysis of cervical spine curvature in patients with cervical spondylosis","volume":"22","author":"Batzdorf","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib47","first-page":"173","volume":"41","author":"Tokumaru","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rinsho Shinkeigaku"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib48","first-page":"1033","volume":"53","author":"Imamura","year":"2001","journal-title":"No To Shinkei"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.1999.91.1.0033","article-title":"Surgical treatment for patients with cervical flexion myelopathy","volume":"91","author":"Kohno","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"}],"container-title":["Neuroimaging Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1052514911001274?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1052514911001274?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,18]],"date-time":"2019-06-18T12:40:32Z","timestamp":1560861632000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1052514911001274"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1052514911001274"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nic.2011.07.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["1052-5149"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1052-5149","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]}}}