{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T15:48:56Z","timestamp":1788191336758,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]],"date-time":"2012-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351728000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuroimaging Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,2]],"date-time":"2012-10-02T02:31:05Z","timestamp":1349145065000},"page":"755-772","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Spine Infections"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"John L.","family":"Go","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Rothman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Prosper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Silbergleit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Lerner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199708010-00012","article-title":"Spondylodiscitis: clinical and magnetic resonance diagnosis","volume":"22","author":"Maiuri","year":"1997","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib2","first-page":"159","article-title":"Pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis: report of a series of 23 patients","volume":"31","author":"Stefanovski","year":"1995","journal-title":"Contemp Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-8389(05)70266-9","article-title":"Imaging of spinal infection","volume":"39","author":"Stabler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Radiol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1991.74.6.0878","article-title":"Pyogenic osteomyelitis of the spine in the elderly","volume":"74","author":"Cahill","year":"1991","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(96)90016-9","article-title":"Spontaneous infectious discitis in adults","volume":"100","author":"Honan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-8389(22)02076-0","article-title":"Clinical syndromes and differential diagnosis of spinal disorders","volume":"29","author":"Elghazawi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199704010-00015","article-title":"The clinical use of magnetic resonance imaging in pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis","volume":"22","author":"Carragee","year":"1997","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.642","article-title":"Pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis presenting as exudative pleural effusion: a series of five cases","volume":"114","author":"Bass","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2426","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.96.09112426","article-title":"Vertebral osteomyelitis caused by thoracic empyema or vice versa?","volume":"9","author":"Liesker","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.3109\/17453676908989540","article-title":"The human intervertebral disc","volume":"40","author":"Hassler","year":"1970","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.3109\/17453675208989006","article-title":"Studies on structural changes in the lumbar annulus fibrosus","volume":"22","author":"Hirsch","year":"1952","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1007\/s002340050410","article-title":"Side effects and complications of automated percutaneous lumber nucleotomy","volume":"39","author":"Dullerud","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199704000-00001","article-title":"Complications of cervical discography: findings in a large series","volume":"10","author":"Guyer","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Spinal Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200007010-00010","article-title":"Hematogenous pyogenic spinal infections and their surgical management","volume":"25","author":"Hadjipavlou","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199111000-00009","article-title":"Pyogenic infection of the spine","volume":"272","author":"Malawski","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1097\/00024720-200204000-00004","article-title":"Osteomyelitis of the cervical spine: a potentially dramatic disease","volume":"15","author":"Schimmer","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Spinal Disord Tech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199904150-00015","article-title":"Conservative management of pyogenic osteomyelitis of the occipitocervical junction","volume":"24","author":"Spies","year":"1999","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5520(20)30362-7","article-title":"Vertebral osteomyelitis","volume":"4","author":"Sapico","year":"1990","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.157.1.3875878","article-title":"Vertebral osteomyelitis: assessment using MR","volume":"157","author":"Modic","year":"1985","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib20","series-title":"Diagnosis of bone and joint disorders","first-page":"2419","article-title":"Osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, and soft tissue infection: axial skeleton","author":"Resnick","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib21","series-title":"Diagnosis of bone and joint disorders","author":"Resnick","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.164.3.7863889","article-title":"Tuberculosis of the spine: imaging features","volume":"164","author":"Shanley","year":"1995","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-8389(22)00620-0","article-title":"MR imaging and CT of central nervous system tuberculosis in the patient with AIDS","volume":"33","author":"Villoria","year":"1995","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2287","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199511000-00005","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of tuberculous spondylitis","volume":"20","author":"Al-Mulhim","year":"1995","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-19981101-12","article-title":"Radiology of skeletal tuberculosis","volume":"21","author":"Ridley","year":"1998","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.153.2.399","article-title":"MR imaging characteristics of tuberculous spondylitis vs vertebral osteomyelitis","volume":"153","author":"Smith","year":"1989","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)30964-0","article-title":"Granulomatous infection of bones and joints","volume":"6","author":"Pritchard","year":"1975","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197860020-00018","article-title":"Coccidioidal spondylitis","volume":"60","author":"Winter","year":"1978","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib29","series-title":"Principles and practice of infectious diseases","first-page":"2353","article-title":"Blastomyces dermatitidis","author":"Chapman","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/0037-198X(79)90047-6","article-title":"Localized infectious and neuropathic diseases","volume":"14","author":"Goldman","year":"1979","journal-title":"Semin Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/0732-8893(87)90044-7","article-title":"Candida vertebral osteomyelitis. Report of three cases and a review of the literature","volume":"8","author":"Friedman","year":"1987","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib32","series-title":"Principles and practice of infectious diseases","first-page":"2289","article-title":"Candida species","author":"Edwards","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-79-5-748_1","article-title":"osteomyelitis of cervical spine: candida guilliermondii","volume":"79","author":"O\u2019Connell","year":"1973","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.171.3.9725317","article-title":"Coccidioidal spondylitis: MR findings in 15 patients","volume":"171","author":"Olson","year":"1998","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E346","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181a01b0f","article-title":"Multiple intradural spinal hydatid disease: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"34","author":"Gunecs","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2479","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318189868c","article-title":"Hydatid disease of the spine","volume":"33","author":"Viljoen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-8467(00)00124-4","article-title":"Cervical intramedullary schistosomiasis as a rare cause of acute tetraparesis","volume":"103","author":"Junker","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2007.02.026","article-title":"Spinal cord schistosomiasis japonica: a report of 4 cases","volume":"69","author":"Jiang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196042030-00005","article-title":"Hematogenous pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis","volume":"42","author":"Garcia","year":"1960","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199709150-00005","article-title":"The clinical use of erythrocyte sedimentation rate in pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis","volume":"15","author":"Carragee","year":"1997","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/1.5.754","article-title":"Pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis. Report of nine cases and review of literature","volume":"1","author":"Sapico","year":"1979","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib42","first-page":"284","article-title":"Treatment of hematogenous pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis with anterior debridement and primary bone grafting","volume":"14","author":"Emery","year":"1989","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib43","first-page":"113","article-title":"Increasing frequency of vertebral osteomyelitis following staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia in Denmark 1980-1990","volume":"34","author":"Jensen","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)32045-9","article-title":"Microbiology and antimicrobial therapy of spinal infections","volume":"27","author":"Sapico","year":"1996","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)30211-X","article-title":"The radiology of osteomyelitis","volume":"14","author":"Bonakdar-pour","year":"1983","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1177\/028418519403500605","article-title":"MR imaging of the lower spine","volume":"35","author":"Hovi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)32053-8","article-title":"Pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis and postsurgical disc space infections","volume":"27","author":"Ozuna","year":"1996","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198305000-00003","article-title":"CT in the evaluation of spine infection","volume":"8","author":"Brant-Zawadzki","year":"1983","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.3109\/17453678508994350","article-title":"Computed tomography in spondylitis: CT versus other radiographic methods","volume":"56","author":"Raininko","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib50","first-page":"11","article-title":"Evaluation of spinal infections by plain radiographs, computed tomography, intrathecal metrizamide, and CT-guided biopsy","volume":"54","author":"McGahan","year":"1985","journal-title":"Diagn\u00a0Imaging Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.169.3.3055039","article-title":"Spinal infection: evaluation with MR imaging and intraoperative US","volume":"169","author":"Post","year":"1988","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.158.6.1590137","article-title":"Role of MR imaging in the management of spinal infections","volume":"158","author":"Sharif","year":"1992","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib53","first-page":"1171","article-title":"MR imaging of infections spondylitis","volume":"11","author":"Thrush","year":"1990","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-8389(05)70273-6","article-title":"Imaging of pyogenic infectious spondylodiskitis","volume":"39","author":"Varma","year":"2001","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.172.1.2740507","article-title":"A\u00a0vascular necrosis of the vertebral body: MR imaging","volume":"172","author":"Naul","year":"1989","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.155.1.3975396","article-title":"The intranuclear cleft of the intervertebral disc: magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"155","author":"Aguila","year":"1985","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.166.1.3336678","article-title":"Degenerative Disk Disease: Assessment of Changes in Vertebral Body Marrow with MR Imaging","volume":"166","author":"Modic","year":"1988","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1093\/neurosurgery\/27.CN_suppl_1.481","article-title":"Intervertebral discitis: incidence, diagnosis and management","volume":"27","author":"Onofrio","year":"1980","journal-title":"Clin Neurosurg"},{"issue":"398","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200205000-00002","article-title":"The chirurgical works of Percivall Pott, F.R.S., surgeon to St. Bartholomew\u2019s Hospital, a new edition, with his last corrections, 1808","author":"Pott","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199008000-00001","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess: a ten-year perspective","volume":"27","author":"Hlavin","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-3019(02)00925-4","article-title":"Comparison of primary and secondary spinal epidural abscesses: a retrospective analysis of 29 cases","volume":"59","author":"Khan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib62","first-page":"296","article-title":"Pyogenic infections of the spinal epidural space: a consideration of the anatomic and physiologic pathology","volume":"10","author":"Browder","year":"1941","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1988.69.1.0110","article-title":"The pathogenesis of spinal epidural abscess: microangiopathic studies in an experimental model","volume":"69","author":"Feldenzer","year":"1988","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2012","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra055111","article-title":"Current concepts: epidural abscess","volume":"355","author":"Darouiche","year":"2006","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0072-9752(09)96007-9","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess and subdural empyema","volume":"96C","author":"Darouiche","year":"2010","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-7922-4-31","article-title":"Spinal subdural staphylococcus aureus abscess: case report and review of the literature","volume":"4","author":"Velissaris","year":"2009","journal-title":"World J Emerg Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s10140-008-0713-6","article-title":"Salmonella spondylodiscitis associated with\u00a0a mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysm and paravertebral abscess","volume":"16","author":"Learch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerg Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-007-0551-3","article-title":"Spontaneous infective spondylitis and mycotic aneurysm: incidence, risk factors, outcome and management experience","volume":"17","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib69","first-page":"98","article-title":"Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm secondary to tuberculous spondylitis","volume":"24","author":"Dahl","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int Angiol"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E373","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000137061.79898.8f","article-title":"Thoracics spondylitis from a mycotic (Streptococcus pneumonia) aortic aneurysm: a case report","volume":"29","author":"Englert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1007\/s002340000344","article-title":"MRI of infections and neoplasms of the spine and spinal cord in 55 patients with AIDS","volume":"42","author":"Thurnher","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/S1052-5149(25)00452-6","article-title":"Spinal cord lesions in patients with AIDS","volume":"7","author":"Quencer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuroimaging Clin N Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2010.45","article-title":"Magnetic resonance images of herpes zoster myelitis presenting with Brown-S\u00e9quard syndrome","volume":"67","author":"Hosaka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib74","first-page":"72","article-title":"Case report: primary infection by human herpes virus 6 variant a with the onset of myelitis","volume":"13","author":"Portolani","year":"2006","journal-title":"Herpes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-8994(03)00421-1","article-title":"Cervical myelitis from herpes simplex virus type 1","volume":"30","author":"Mewasingh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199606000-00019","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus myelitis in a child infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1","volume":"15","author":"Marriage","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1159\/000117201","article-title":"Acute transverse myelitis caused by herpes simplex virus","volume":"36","author":"Petereit","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib78","first-page":"549","article-title":"Myelitis and toxic, inflammatory and infectious disorders","volume":"5","author":"Cumming","year":"1992","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib79","first-page":"1472","article-title":"Acute myelitis in early Borreliaburgdorferi infection","volume":"249","author":"Lesca","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199901000-00009","article-title":"Unusual presentations of Neuroborreliosis (Lyme disease) in childhood","volume":"23","author":"Huisman","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s002470050137","article-title":"Group B streptococcal meningitis: a case of transverse myelitis with spinal cord and posterior fossa cysts","volume":"27","author":"Puvabanditsin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib82","first-page":"455","article-title":"MR of staphylococcal myelitis of the cervical spinal cord","volume":"18","author":"Friess","year":"1997","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199408000-00024","article-title":"Intramedullary tuberculoma of the spinal cord: case report","volume":"35","author":"Citow","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01715549","article-title":"An intramedullary dermoid cyst abscess due to Brucella abortus biotype3 at T11-12 spinal levels","volume":"22","author":"Cokca","year":"1994","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00588703","article-title":"MRI of an abscess of the\u00a0cervical spinal cord in a case of Listeria meningoencephalomyelitis","volume":"35","author":"King","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199502000-00026","article-title":"Magnetic resonance image findings of spinal intramedullary abscess caused by candida albicans: case report","volume":"36","author":"Lindner","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib87","first-page":"461","article-title":"Spinal cord abscess: a review","volume":"8","author":"Menezes","year":"1977","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1007\/s003810050370","article-title":"Dermal sinus and intramedullary spinal cord abscess. Report of two cases and review of the literature","volume":"15","author":"Morandi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-009-0885-0","article-title":"Management of intramedullary spinal cord abscess: experience with four cases, pathophysiology and outcomes","volume":"18","author":"Al Barbarawi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00360963","article-title":"Pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis of the posterior elements","volume":"18","author":"Ehara","year":"1989","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198808000-00019","article-title":"Pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis of a lumbar facet joint with associated epidural abscess","volume":"13","author":"Roberts","year":"1988","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib92","first-page":"1408","article-title":"Septic arthritis of a lumbar facet joint: detection with bone SPECT imaging","volume":"30","author":"Swayne","year":"1989","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00600094","article-title":"Septic arthritis in a lumbar facet joint: a rare cause of an epidural abscess","volume":"37","author":"Heenan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.149.6.1249","article-title":"MR imaging of spinal epidural sepsis","volume":"149","author":"Angtuaco","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.69B3.3584201","article-title":"Septic arthritis of a lumbar facet joint","volume":"67","author":"Halpin","year":"1987","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1053\/crad.2000.0091","article-title":"Septic arthritis of a lumbar facet joint causing multiple abscesses","volume":"55","author":"Hickey","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-2171(05)80038-1","article-title":"MRI of benign lumbosacral nerve root enhancement","volume":"14","author":"Jinkins","year":"1993","journal-title":"Semin Ultrasound CT MR"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib98","first-page":"239","article-title":"Arachnoiditis and tuberculous cortical encephalitis in an HIV+ patient","volume":"145","author":"Alatorre-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gac Med Mex"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/S0150-9861(06)77249-2","article-title":"Spinal tuberculous arachnoiditis with intradural extramedullary tuberculomas","volume":"33","author":"Belahsen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2005.09.007","article-title":"An unusual spinal arachnoiditis","volume":"108","author":"Agrawal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib101","first-page":"241","article-title":"Imaging of postoperative lumbar spine","volume":"84","author":"Sarrazin","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-9339","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of the postoperative spine","volume":"4","author":"Ross","year":"2000","journal-title":"Semin Musculoskelet Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199705000-00037","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of the musculoskeletal system. Part 8, The spine, Section 1","volume":"338","author":"Gundry","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199301000-00023","article-title":"MR features of tuberculous arachnoiditis","volume":"17","author":"Kumar","year":"1993","journal-title":"J\u00a0Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-8389(22)02085-1","article-title":"Infectious and inflammatory processes of the spine","volume":"29","author":"Smith","year":"1991","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002_bib106","first-page":"1255","article-title":"Tuberculous arachnoiditis of the spine: findings on myelography, CT and MR imaging","volume":"10","author":"Chang","year":"1989","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"}],"container-title":["Neuroimaging Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1052514912000871?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1052514912000871?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T17:35:49Z","timestamp":1744220149000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1052514912000871"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"references-count":106,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1052514912000871"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nic.2012.06.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1052-5149"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1052-5149","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]}}}