{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T09:42:32Z","timestamp":1760953352318,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuroimaging Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]],"date-time":"2021-11-19T19:43:15Z","timestamp":1637350995000},"page":"231-254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Postoperative Computed Tomography for Facial Fractures"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Elana B.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lakir D.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Dreizin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"Supp 1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i27","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2019-043297","article-title":"Epidemiology of facial fractures: incidence, prevalence and years lived with disability estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study","volume":"26","author":"Lalloo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inj Prev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W238","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.17.17875","article-title":"Postoperative CT of the midfacial skeleton after trauma: review of normal appearances and common complications","volume":"209","author":"Reiter","year":"2017","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-200044050-00015","article-title":"Role of three-dimensional computed tomography in the assessment of nasoorbitoethmoidal fractures","volume":"44","author":"Remmler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199105000-00005","article-title":"Management of the medial canthal tendon in nasoethmoid orbital fractures: the importance of the central fragment in classification and treatment","volume":"87","author":"Markowitz","year":"1991","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1097\/01.IOP.0000139519.40976.28","article-title":"Medial canthopexy: a proven technique","volume":"20","author":"Kelly","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1097\/IIO.0b013e31829cf077","article-title":"Naso-orbito-ethmoidal (NOE) fractures: a review","volume":"53","author":"Baril","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol Clin"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(10)80512-9","article-title":"Sequencing treatment for naso-orbito-ethmoid fractures","volume":"51","author":"Ellis","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1269767","article-title":"Pearls of nasoorbitoethmoid trauma management","volume":"24","author":"Nguyen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin Plast Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib9","first-page":"359","article-title":"Late sequelae after high midface trauma","volume":"45","author":"Kalavrezos","year":"2000","journal-title":"J R Coll Surg Edinb"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.2880110109","article-title":"Evaluation of the frontonasal duct in frontal sinus fractures","volume":"11","author":"Heller","year":"1989","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib11","series-title":"Manual of Internal Fixation in the Cranio-Facial Skeleton: Techniques Recommended by the AO\/ASIF Maxillofacial Group","first-page":"95","article-title":"Craniofacial Fractures","author":"Forrest","year":"1998"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181babb3d","article-title":"The incidence of lower eyelid malposition after facial fracture repair: a retrospective study and meta-analysis comparing subtarsal, subciliary, and transconjunctival incisions","volume":"124","author":"Ridgway","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coms.2008.12.008","article-title":"Management of naso-orbital-ethmoidal fractures","volume":"21","author":"Papadopoulos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2006.05.058","article-title":"A protocol for the management of frontal sinus fractures emphasizing sinus preservation","volume":"65","author":"Bell","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2010.05.041","article-title":"Complications of frontal sinus fractures with emphasis on chronic craniofacial pain and its treatment: a review of 43 cases","volume":"68","author":"Sivori","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1258\/0022215042790583","article-title":"Current practice in the management of frontal sinus fractures","volume":"118","author":"Swinson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"issue":"11 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198011000-00008","article-title":"Frontal sinus fractures--their suppurative complications and surgical management","volume":"90","author":"Larrabee","year":"1980","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3181f3c5f1","article-title":"Role of the sagittal view of computed tomography in evaluation of the nasofrontal ducts in frontal sinus fractures","volume":"21","author":"Jain","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1097\/00020840-200402000-00013","article-title":"Management of frontal sinus fractures","volume":"12","author":"Rice","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198602000-00011","article-title":"The safety of frontal sinus fat obliteration when sinus walls are missing","volume":"96","author":"Donald","year":"1986","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1982.00790510014003","article-title":"Frontal sinus ablation by cranialization. Report of 21 cases","volume":"108","author":"Donald","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.127.6.665","article-title":"Titanium mesh repair of the severely comminuted frontal sinus fracture","volume":"127","author":"Lakhani","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-199001040-00003","article-title":"Sequencing LeFort fracture treatment (Organization of treatment for a panfacial fracture)","volume":"1","author":"Kelly","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1601579","article-title":"Management of Panfacial Fracture","volume":"31","author":"Ali","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Plast Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-200401000-00011","article-title":"Posttraumatic obstruction of lacrimal pathways: a retrospective analysis of 58 consecutive naso-orbitoethmoid fractures","volume":"15","author":"Becelli","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1226(85)90098-0","article-title":"The pattern and incidence of nasolacrimal injury in naso-orbital-ethmoid fractures: the role of delayed assessment and dacryocystorhinostomy","volume":"38","author":"Gruss","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1269768","article-title":"Optimizing the surgical management of zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin Plast Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.07.011","article-title":"Management of fractures of the zygomaticomaxillary complex","volume":"25","author":"Marinho","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1226(60)80063-X","article-title":"The classification of malar fractures: an analysis of displacement as a guide to treatment","volume":"13","author":"Knight","year":"1961","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(92)90266-3","article-title":"Classification and treatment of zygomatic fractures: a review of 1,025 cases","volume":"50","author":"Zingg","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(96)90107-X","article-title":"Analysis of treatment for isolated zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures","volume":"54","author":"Ellis","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1269769","article-title":"Pearls of orbital trauma management","volume":"24","author":"Roth","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin Plast Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2011.02.041","article-title":"Orbitozygomatic fractures with enophthalmos: analysis of 64 cases treated late","volume":"70","author":"He","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coms.2012.07.006","article-title":"Orbital trauma","volume":"24","author":"Ellis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2014.10.024","article-title":"Patient specific implants (PSI) in reconstruction of orbital floor and wall fractures","volume":"43","author":"Gander","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1989.01860320071021","article-title":"Three-point alignment of zygoma fractures with miniplate fixation","volume":"115","author":"Holmes","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"7 Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5S","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000260720.73370.d7","article-title":"Evaluation and treatment of zygomatic fractures","volume":"120","author":"Kelley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199007000-00004","article-title":"Zygomatic fractures: comparison of methods of internal fixation","volume":"86","author":"Davidson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.78.8.618","article-title":"Prediction of enophthalmos by computed tomography after 'blow out' orbital fracture","volume":"78","author":"Whitehouse","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2007.11.014","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of the orbital floor defect after zygoma fracture repair","volume":"66","author":"Czerwinski","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e318199f486","article-title":"Clinical implications of orbital volume change in the management of isolated and zygomaticomaxillary complex-associated orbital floor injuries","volume":"123","author":"Tahernia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199210000-00004","article-title":"The fate of plates and screws after facial fracture reconstruction","volume":"90","author":"Francel","year":"1992","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2018170074","article-title":"Multidetector CT of midfacial fractures: classification systems, principles of reduction, and common complications","volume":"38","author":"Dreizin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1097\/01.IOP.0000062848.26273.E5","article-title":"Computer-assisted orbital volume measurement in the surgical correction of late enophthalmos caused by blowout fractures","volume":"19","author":"Fan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198602000-00005","article-title":"Studies on enophthalmos: II. The measurement of orbital injuries and their treatment by quantitative computed tomography","volume":"77","author":"Manson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6257(91)90049-L","article-title":"Management of blow-out fractures of the orbital floor. II. Early repair for selected injuries","volume":"35","author":"Manson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199906000-00005","article-title":"Pure orbital blowout fracture: new concepts and importance of medial orbital blowout fracture","volume":"103","author":"Burm","year":"1999","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1053\/joms.2003.50085","article-title":"Assessment of internal orbital reconstructions for pure blowout fractures: cranial bone grafts versus titanium mesh","volume":"61","author":"Ellis","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.06.012","article-title":"Orbital cellulitis: a rare complication after orbital blowout fracture","volume":"112","author":"Simon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1179\/016164102101199693","article-title":"Skull base trauma: diagnosis and management","volume":"24","author":"Samii","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurol Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)00707-1","article-title":"The treatment of traumatic optic neuropathy: the International Optic Nerve Trauma Study","volume":"106","author":"Levin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2017.12.022","article-title":"Clinical management of traumatic superior orbital fissure and orbital apex syndromes","volume":"165","author":"Jin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib53","series-title":"CT of Skull Base Fractures: Classification systems","first-page":"200189","author":"Dreizin","year":"2021"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cxom.2010.08.003","article-title":"Frontobasilar fractures: contemporary management","volume":"18","author":"Bell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.4.JNS1528","article-title":"Extensive traumatic anterior skull base fractures with cerebrospinal fluid leak: classification and repair techniques using combined vascularized tissue flaps","volume":"124","author":"Archer","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1992.01880060053014","article-title":"Management of combined frontonaso-orbital\/skull base fractures and telecanthus in 355 cases","volume":"118","author":"Raveh","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2012.13.2.165","article-title":"Evaluation of ultra-low dose CT in the diagnosis of pediatric-like fractures using an experimental animal study","volume":"13","author":"Moritz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20170423","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20170423","article-title":"Diagnostic reliability of low dose multidetector CT and cone beam CT in maxillofacial trauma-an experimental blinded and randomized study","volume":"47","author":"Rozema","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"issue":"1077","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20170240","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20170240","article-title":"Radiation dose reduction in multidetector CT in fracture evaluation","volume":"90","author":"Yi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2015.03.002","article-title":"Seventy kilovolt ultra-low dose CT of the paranasal sinus: first clinical results","volume":"70","author":"Bodelle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2015.01.011","article-title":"Ultralow-dose computed tomography imaging for surgery of midfacial and orbital fractures using ASIR and MBIR","volume":"44","author":"Widmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000007017","article-title":"Low-dose computed tomographic scans for postoperative evaluation of craniomaxillofacial fractures: a pilot clinical study","volume":"146","author":"Elegbede","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-197211000-00012","article-title":"The classic reprint. Experimental study of fractures of the upper jaw. I and II. Rene Le Fort, M.D","volume":"50","author":"Tessier","year":"1972","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-198611000-00003","article-title":"Some thoughts on the classification and treatment of Le Fort fractures","volume":"17","author":"Manson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-002-1445-8","article-title":"Traumatic injuries: imaging of facial injuries","volume":"12","author":"Salvolini","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-0188(97)90010-4","article-title":"Imaging of facial trauma","volume":"26","author":"Daffner","year":"1997","journal-title":"Curr Probl Diagn Radiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2004.08.004","article-title":"Passive repositioning of maxillary fractures: an occasional impossibility without osteotomy","volume":"62","author":"Ellis","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e59","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000001178","article-title":"Completion of nonreducible Le Fort fractures by Le Fort I osteotomy: sometimes an inevitable choice to avoid postoperative malocclusion","volume":"26","author":"Scolozzi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2015.09.027","article-title":"A Review of Hard Palate Fracture Repair Techniques","volume":"74","author":"Moss","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2065","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181706edc","article-title":"A 162-case review of palatal fracture: management strategy from a 10-year experience","volume":"121","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000000717","article-title":"Evidence-based medicine: Mandible fractures","volume":"134","author":"Morrow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2011.08.005","article-title":"The imaging of maxillofacial trauma and its pertinence to surgical intervention","volume":"50","author":"Mehta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib73","series-title":"Manual of Internal Fixation in the Cranio-Facial Skeleton: Techniques Recommended by the AO\/ASIF Maxillofacial Group","first-page":"57","article-title":"Mandibular Fractures","author":"Schilli","year":"1998"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.07.002","article-title":"Management of fractures of the mandibular body and symphysis","volume":"25","author":"Goodday","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2012.08.026","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of temporomandibular joint and associated soft tissue changes following acute condylar injury","volume":"70","author":"Dwivedi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(95)90326-7","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of acute soft tissue injuries to the temporomandibular joint","volume":"53","author":"Sullivan","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-5182(96)80052-7","article-title":"Magnetic resonance images in patients with acute traumatic injury of the temporomandibular joint: a preliminary report","volume":"24","author":"Takaku","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1053\/joms.2000.7258","article-title":"Nonunion of the mandible: an analysis of contributing factors","volume":"58","author":"Mathog","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.07.003","article-title":"Management of fractures of the condyle, condylar neck, and coronoid process","volume":"25","author":"Kisnisci","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0358.118596","article-title":"Avoiding occlusal derangement in facial fractures: An evidence based approach","volume":"46","author":"Mendonca","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Plast Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coms.2013.07.007","article-title":"Management of mandibular angle fracture","volume":"25","author":"Braasch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0503(78)80062-9","article-title":"Mandibular osteosynthesis by miniature screwed plates via a buccal approach","volume":"6","author":"Champy","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"7 Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76S","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000260721.74357.e7","article-title":"Fractures of the mandible: a technical perspective","volume":"120","author":"Ellis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.11.026","article-title":"An algorithm for the treatment of noncondylar mandibular fractures","volume":"72","author":"Ellis","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2008.06.024","article-title":"Internal fixation of mandibular angle fractures: a comparison of 2 techniques","volume":"66","author":"Mehra","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.05.023","article-title":"What method for management of unilateral mandibular angle fractures has the lowest rate of postoperative complications? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"72","author":"Al-Moraissi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib87","first-page":"ic38","article-title":"Bilateral mandibular fractures","volume":"14","author":"Susarla","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eplasty"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2012.09.017","article-title":"Open reduction and internal fixation of combined angle and body\/symphysis fractures of the mandible: how much fixation is enough?","volume":"71","author":"Ellis","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599812449437","article-title":"Conventional versus 3-dimensional miniplate in management of mandibular fracture: a prospective randomized study","volume":"147","author":"Singh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2013.07.001","article-title":"A comparative analysis of the efficacy of cortical screws as lag screws and miniplates for internal fixation of mandibular symphyseal region fractures: a randomized prospective study","volume":"43","author":"Agnihotri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-012-0349-2","article-title":"Open versus closed reduction: comminuted mandibular fractures","volume":"17","author":"Chrcanovic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coms.2010.12.003","article-title":"Reoperative mandibular trauma: management of posttraumatic mandibular deformities","volume":"23","author":"Vega","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2010.12.015","article-title":"Are maxillomandibular fixation screws a better option than Erich arch bars in achieving maxillomandibular fixation? A randomized clinical study","volume":"69","author":"Rai","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1001\/archfacial.2011.46","article-title":"A comparison of anterior vs posterior isolated mandible fractures treated with intermaxillary fixation screws","volume":"13","author":"Ansari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Facial Plast Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2012.05.001","article-title":"Mandible fractures: discussion and debate","volume":"20","author":"Arosarena","year":"2012","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(03)00249-0","article-title":"Treatment considerations for comminuted mandibular fractures","volume":"61","author":"Ellis","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coms.2008.12.002","article-title":"Management of comminuted fractures of the mandible","volume":"21","author":"Alpert","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otot.2008.04.005","article-title":"Management of comminuted mandible fractures","volume":"19","author":"Futran","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oper Tech Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2016150218","article-title":"Multidetector CT of mandibular fractures, reductions, and complications: a clinically relevant primer for the radiologist","volume":"36","author":"Dreizin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(20)31614-5","article-title":"Rigid internal fixation of mandibular fractures--basics of AO technique","volume":"20","author":"Prein","year":"1987","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cxom.2008.10.001","article-title":"External fixation for mandible fractures","volume":"17","author":"Braidy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-011-0236-4","article-title":"A comparative review of treatment of 80 mandibular angle fracture fixation with miniplates using three different techniques","volume":"63","author":"Kumar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2011.01.032","article-title":"A study of 2 bone plating methods for fractures of the mandibular symphysis\/body","volume":"69","author":"Ellis","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2009.03.069","article-title":"Symphyseal mandibular fractures associated with bicondylar fractures: a retrospective analysis","volume":"67","author":"Gerbino","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2014.03.025","article-title":"Fractures of the mandibular coronoid process: a two centres study","volume":"42","author":"Boffano","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2014.01.002","article-title":"A retrospective study of temporomandibular joint ankylosis secondary to surgical treatment of mandibular condylar fractures","volume":"52","author":"Xiang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2010.05.050","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of a new classification system for the management of mandibular subcondylar fractures","volume":"69","author":"Bhagol","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2012.12.005","article-title":"Long-term results and complications after treatment of bilateral fractures of the mandibular condyle","volume":"51","author":"Forouzanfar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cxom.2016.11.003","article-title":"Plating options for fixation of condylar neck and base fractures","volume":"25","author":"Bischoff","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2009.02.012","article-title":"Intracapsular condylar fracture of the mandible: our classification and open treatment experience","volume":"67","author":"He","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"}],"container-title":["Neuroimaging Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1052514921000691?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1052514921000691?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T07:07:16Z","timestamp":1760944036000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1052514921000691"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"references-count":110,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1052514921000691"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1052-5149"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1052-5149"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Postoperative Computed Tomography for Facial Fractures","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neuroimaging Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nic.2021.08.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}