{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T20:00:15Z","timestamp":1792699215096,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuroimaging Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.nic.2022.07.022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]],"date-time":"2022-10-14T01:45:27Z","timestamp":1665711927000},"page":"791-807","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Anatomy of the Pharynx and Cervical Esophagus"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Ayca","family":"Akgoz Karaosmanoglu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Burce","family":"Ozgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2022.07.022_bib1","series-title":"Head and neck imaging","first-page":"1617","article-title":"Anatomy and Imaging of the Oral Cavity and Pharynx","author":"Smoker","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2022.07.022_bib2","series-title":"Netter's head and neck anatomy for dentistry","author":"Norton","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2022.07.022_bib3","series-title":"Gray's basic anatomy","first-page":"413","article-title":"Head and Neck","author":"Drake","year":"2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2022.07.022_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1097\/RMR.0000000000000282","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of the oral cavity and oropharynx","volume":"30","author":"Varghese","year":"2021","journal-title":"Top Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2022.07.022_bib5","series-title":"Clinically oriented anatomy","first-page":"1047","article-title":"Neck","author":"Moore","year":"2006"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2022.07.022_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nic.2004.07.014","article-title":"Imaging of the nasopharynx and skull base","volume":"14","author":"Chong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroimaging Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2022.07.022_bib7","series-title":"Management of head and neck cancer A multidisciplinary approach","first-page":"445","article-title":"Nasopharynx","author":"Million","year":"1984"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2022.07.022_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2622","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-007-0616-z","article-title":"Extension patterns of nasopharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"17","author":"Dubrulle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2022.07.022_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.02.078","article-title":"The fascial layers attached to the skull base: a cadaveric study","volume":"126","author":"Komune","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2022.07.022_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-010-0638-0","article-title":"The anatomy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma spread through the pharyngobasilar fascia to the trigeminal mandibular nerve on 1.5 T MRI","volume":"32","author":"Hyare","year":"2010","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2022.07.022_bib11","first-page":"211","article-title":"Normal cross-sectional anatomy of the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and oral cavity","volume":"8","author":"Mukherji","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuroimaging Clin N Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2022.07.022_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wjorl.2021.04.003","article-title":"Anatomy and physiology of the palatine tonsils, adenoids, and lingual tonsils","volume":"7","author":"Arambula","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J Otorhinolaryngol - Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2022.07.022_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.12111349","article-title":"Nasopharyngeal mucosa and adenoids: appearance at MR imaging","volume":"263","author":"Bhatia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2022.07.022_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-017-0785-z","article-title":"Value of contrast-enhanced MRI in the differentiation between nasopharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia and T1 stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"122","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2022.07.022_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1259\/imaging\/91047403","article-title":"Imaging of the pharynx and larynx","volume":"22","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2013","journal-title":"Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2022.07.022_bib16","series-title":"Head and neck cancer imaging","first-page":"147","article-title":"Neoplasms of oropharynx","author":"Hermans","year":"2012"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2022.07.022_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00180613","article-title":"Imaging of the oropharynx and oral cavity. Part I: normal anatomy","volume":"6","author":"Hermans","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2022.07.022_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2018.03.010","article-title":"Imaging of adult obstructive sleep apnoea","volume":"102","author":"Whyte","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2022.07.022_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1159\/000097790","article-title":"Clinical, anthropometric and upper airway anatomic characteristics of obese patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"74","author":"Hora","year":"2007","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2022.07.022_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02406972","article-title":"Radiology of the adult soft palate","volume":"2","author":"Rubesin","year":"1987","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2022.07.022_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1597\/12-083","article-title":"Using MRI for assessing velopharyngeal structures and function","volume":"51","author":"Perry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2022.07.022_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.148.3.6878693","article-title":"CT of the oropharynx, tongue base, and floor of the mouth: normal anatomy and range of variations, and applications in staging carcinoma","volume":"148","author":"Muraki","year":"1983","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2022.07.022_bib23","series-title":"Gray's surgical anatomy","author":"Brennan","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2022.07.022_bib24","series-title":"Imaging of the head and neck","author":"Mafee","year":"2005"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2022.07.022_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2004.09.005","article-title":"Squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx and hypopharynx","volume":"38","author":"Lin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2022.07.022_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.26693","article-title":"Determination of posterolateral oropharyngeal wall thickness and the potential implications for transoral surgical margins in tonsil cancer","volume":"43","author":"Tomblinson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2022.07.022_bib27","series-title":"Management of head and neck cancer A multidisciplinary approach","first-page":"373","article-title":"Hypopharynx: Pharyngeal Walls, Pyriform Sinus, and Postcricoid Pharynx","author":"Million","year":"1984"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2022.07.022_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nic.2004.07.003","article-title":"Imaging of the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus","volume":"14","author":"Schmalfuss","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroimaging Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2022.07.022_bib29","series-title":"Grainger and allison\u2019s diagnostic radiology essentials","first-page":"238","article-title":"Oesophagus","author":"Griffin","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2022.07.022_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.214.1.r00dc42237","article-title":"Postcricoid region and cervical esophagus: normal appearance at CT and MR imaging","volume":"214","author":"Schmalfuss","year":"2000","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2022.07.022_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12298","article-title":"Anatomy of the larynx and pharynx: effects of age, gender and height revealed by multidetector computed tomography","volume":"42","author":"Inamoto","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2022.07.022_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-017-0548-3","article-title":"Imaging of the oesophagus: beyond cancer","volume":"8","author":"Marini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2022.07.022_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-009-0481-3","article-title":"Cricoid cartilage and esophagus: CT scan study of the dynamic variability of their relative positions","volume":"31","author":"Benkhadra","year":"2009","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2022.07.022_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-007-0339-5","article-title":"Anatomic mapping and evaluation of the esophagus in relation to the cervical vertebral body","volume":"16","author":"Rhyne","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2022.07.022_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2773","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28450","article-title":"Three-dimensional analysis of the human pharyngoesophageal sphincter","volume":"130","author":"Randall","year":"2020","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2022.07.022_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2008.09.002","article-title":"Observation of normal appearance and wall thickness of esophagus on CT images","volume":"72","author":"Xia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"}],"container-title":["Neuroimaging Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1052514922000764?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1052514922000764?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,16]],"date-time":"2024-11-16T05:59:34Z","timestamp":1731736774000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1052514922000764"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1052514922000764"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nic.2022.07.022","relation":{},"ISSN":["1052-5149"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1052-5149","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Anatomy of the Pharynx and Cervical Esophagus","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neuroimaging Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nic.2022.07.022","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}