{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T19:30:45Z","timestamp":1786995045315,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuroimaging Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,11]],"date-time":"2023-07-11T15:51:57Z","timestamp":1689090717000},"page":"543-562","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Conductive Hearing Loss in Children"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Caroline D.","family":"Robson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.3174\/ng.2000004","article-title":"The Ossicles in Pediatric Conductive Hearing Loss","volume":"10","author":"Foust","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurographics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.5152\/iao.2020.7764","article-title":"Inner-Ear Disorders Presenting with Air-Bone Gaps: A Review","volume":"16","author":"Scarpa","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Int Adv Otol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib3","article-title":"Region-specific endodermal signals direct neural crest cells to form the three middle ear ossicles","volume":"146","author":"Ankamreddy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib4","first-page":"1049","article-title":"Development of the dynamic structure (force lines) of the middle ear ossicles in human foetuses","volume":"23","author":"Whyte","year":"2008","journal-title":"Histol Histopathol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4022","article-title":"The \"boomerang\" malleus-incus complex in congenital aural atresia","volume":"35","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2014","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-022-07522-4","article-title":"Search for a genetic cause in children with unilateral isolated microtia and congenital aural atresia","volume":"280","author":"Mortier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngol"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198510033131401","article-title":"Retinoic acid embryopathy","volume":"313","author":"Lammer","year":"1985","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(20000214)90:4<303::AID-AJMG8>3.0.CO;2-Q","article-title":"Oculoauriculovertebral abnormalities in children of diabetic mothers","volume":"90","author":"Ewart-Toland","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.11.016","article-title":"Ear Abnormalities Among Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"242","author":"Cheung","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2017.08.013","article-title":"Anatomical measurement of the ossicles in patients with congenital aural atresia and stenosis","volume":"101","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.134.8.873","article-title":"The Jahrsdoerfer grading scale in surgery to repair congenital aural atresia","volume":"134","author":"Shonka","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0709(79)80003-4","article-title":"Grading system for the selection of patients with congenital aural atresia","volume":"13","author":"Jahrsdoerfer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mao.0000172415.72531.89","article-title":"Fixation of the stapes footplate in children: a clinical and temporal bone histopathologic study","volume":"26","author":"Bachor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(20)30672-1","article-title":"Correction of conductive hearing loss in children","volume":"27","author":"Briggs","year":"1994","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib15","first-page":"355","article-title":"Congenital conductive hearing loss: the need for early identification and intervention","volume":"91","author":"Stewart","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5876(91)90097-U","article-title":"The impact of a syndromal diagnosis on surgery for congenital minor ear anomalies","volume":"22","author":"Cremers","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002554","article-title":"Incidence of Congenital Stapes Footplate Fixation Since 1970: A Population-based Study","volume":"41","author":"Totten","year":"2020","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"issue":"8 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949310200807","article-title":"Classification of congenital middle ear anomalies. Report on 144 ears","volume":"102","author":"Teunissen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1001\/archoto.2011.137","article-title":"Congenital stapes ankylosis associated with another ossicular chain anomaly: surgical results in 30 ears","volume":"137","author":"Thomeer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.47102\/Annals-acadmedsg.202027","article-title":"High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) Imaging Findings of Oval Window Atresia with Surgical Correlation","volume":"49","author":"Khoo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Acad Med Singap"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894211025405","article-title":"Congenital Anomalies of the Ossicular Chain: Surgical and Audiological Outcomes","volume":"131","author":"Henkemans","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmg.2014.05.003","article-title":"The genetics of auricular development and malformation: new findings in model systems driving future directions for microtia research","volume":"57","author":"Cox","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Med Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000007962","article-title":"Determination of Extra Craniofacial Abnormalities in Patients With Craniofacial Microsomia","volume":"33","author":"Raposo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2018.12.001","article-title":"Craniofacial Microsomia","volume":"46","author":"Birgfeld","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2019.01.031","article-title":"Extracraniofacial anomalies in craniofacial microsomia: retrospective analysis of 991 patients","volume":"48","author":"Renkema","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4680","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24852-9","article-title":"Haploinsufficiency of SF3B2 causes craniofacial microsomia","volume":"12","author":"Timberlake","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2022.01.005","article-title":"Hearing impairment and ear anomalies in craniofacial microsomia: a systematic review","volume":"51","author":"Rooijers","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gim.2022.09.005","article-title":"Damaging variants in FOXI3 cause microtia and craniofacial microsomia","volume":"25","author":"Quiat","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_1995_032_0405_opaoca_2.3.co_2","article-title":"OMENS-Plus: analysis of craniofacial and extracraniofacial anomalies in hemifacial microsomia","volume":"32","author":"Horgan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_1991_028_0068_tomens_2.3.co_2","article-title":"The O.M.E.N.S. classification of hemifacial microsomia","volume":"28","author":"Vento","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1097\/00125817-200107000-00007","article-title":"Townes-Brocks syndrome versus expanded spectrum hemifacial microsomia: review of eight patients and further evidence of a \"hot spot\" for mutation in the SALL1 gene","volume":"3","author":"Keegan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/genes12091392","article-title":"Treacher Collins Syndrome: Genetics, Clinical Features and Management","volume":"12","author":"Marszalek-Kruk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/s41439-021-00168-4","article-title":"Identification of three novel TCOF1 mutations in patients with Treacher Collins Syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Marszalek-Kruk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum Genome Var"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1038\/s41436-019-0669-9","article-title":"POLR1B and neural crest cell anomalies in Treacher Collins syndrome type 4","volume":"22","author":"Sanchez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1597\/1545-1569_1993_030_0097_emahli_2.3.co_2","article-title":"Ear malformation and hearing loss in patients with Treacher Collins syndrome","volume":"30","author":"Pron","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otorri.2015.01.005","article-title":"Ear malformations, hearing loss and hearing rehabilitation in children with Treacher Collins syndrome","volume":"67","author":"Rosa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2012.04.004","article-title":"Haploinsufficiency of SF3B4, a component of the pre-mRNA spliceosomal complex, causes Nager syndrome","volume":"90","author":"Bernier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib38","article-title":"SF3B4 Frameshift Variants Represented a More Severe Clinical Manifestation in Nager Syndrome","volume":"25","author":"Ulhaq","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2021.04.002","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of hearing loss in Nager syndrome","volume":"476","author":"Maharana","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320070316","article-title":"Frequency of the branchio-oto-renal (BOR) syndrome in children with profound hearing loss","volume":"7","author":"Fraser","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.20048","article-title":"Branchio-oto-renal syndrome: the mutation spectrum in EYA1 and its phenotypic consequences","volume":"23","author":"Chang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Mutat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2017.04.037","article-title":"Novel EYA1 variants causing Branchio-oto-renal syndrome","volume":"98","author":"Klingbeil","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8090","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0308475101","article-title":"SIX1 mutations cause branchio-oto-renal syndrome by disruption of EYA1-SIX1-DNA complexes","volume":"101","author":"Ruf","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0297-157","article-title":"A\u00a0human homologue of the Drosophila eyes absent gene underlies branchio-oto-renal (BOR) syndrome and identifies a novel gene family","volume":"15","author":"Abdelhak","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000177032.98386.20","article-title":"Temporal bone findings on computed tomography imaging in branchio-oto-renal syndrome","volume":"115","author":"Propst","year":"2005","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A7653","article-title":"The Cochlea in Branchio-Oto-Renal Syndrome: An Objective Method for the Diagnosis of Offset Cochlear Turns","volume":"43","author":"Juliano","year":"2022","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A7396","article-title":"Re-Examining the Cochlea in Branchio-Oto-Renal Syndrome: Genotype-Phenotype Correlation","volume":"43","author":"Pao","year":"2022","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-005-0042-9","article-title":"Congenital hearing impairment","volume":"36","author":"Robson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1038\/gim.2017.233","article-title":"Genetic analysis of CHARGE syndrome identifies overlapping molecular biology","volume":"20","author":"Moccia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1407","article-title":"Mutations in a new member of the chromodomain gene family cause CHARGE syndrome","volume":"36","author":"Vissers","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.31592","article-title":"New insights and advances in CHARGE syndrome: Diagnosis, etiologies, treatments, and research discoveries","volume":"175","author":"van Ravenswaaij-Arts","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-023-03118-9","article-title":"The spectrum of cochlear malformations in CHARGE syndrome and insights into the role of the CHD7 gene during embryogenesis of the inner ear","volume":"65","author":"Lewis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib53","first-page":"1663","article-title":"Absent semicircular canals in CHARGE syndrome: radiologic spectrum of findings","volume":"27","author":"Morimoto","year":"2006","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4225","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-016-4141-z","article-title":"CT findings of the temporal bone in CHARGE syndrome: aspects of importance in cochlear implant surgery","volume":"273","author":"Vesseur","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A5297","article-title":"Head and Neck MRI Findings in CHARGE Syndrome","volume":"38","author":"Hoch","year":"2017","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"1 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.1.101","article-title":"A\u00a0population-based study of the 22q11.2 deletion: phenotype, incidence, and contribution to major birth defects in the population","volume":"112","author":"Botto","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2019.01365","article-title":"The Genetics and Epigenetics of 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Du","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2016.06.005","article-title":"Prevalence of hearing loss in children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome","volume":"87","author":"Jiramongkolchai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.38199","article-title":"22q11.2 deletion syndrome in diverse populations","volume":"173","author":"Kruszka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2975","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.37872","article-title":"Malformations of the middle and inner ear on CT imaging in 22q11 deletion syndrome","volume":"170","author":"Loos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A5588","article-title":"Anatomic Malformations of the Middle and Inner Ear in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: Case Series and Literature Review","volume":"39","author":"Verheij","year":"2018","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3770","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.62450","article-title":"Neuroimaging in Kabuki syndrome and another KMT2D-related disorder","volume":"185","author":"Stadelmaier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-008-0866-1","article-title":"Craniofacial and temporal bone CT findings in cleidocranial dysplasia","volume":"38","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A0888","article-title":"Temporal bone CT findings in Cornelia de Lange syndrome","volume":"29","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/cge.13674","article-title":"Chromatinopathies: A focus on Cornelia de Lange syndrome","volume":"97","author":"Avagliano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib66","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid leak in epidural venous malformations and blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome","author":"Alomari","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg Spine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-021-05245-1","article-title":"Gorham Stout disease of the temporal bone with cerebrospinal fluid leak","volume":"38","author":"Aouad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.160.1.3715032","article-title":"Chronic otomastoiditis: a conceptual understanding of CT findings","volume":"160","author":"Mafee","year":"1986","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1177\/000348947108000311","article-title":"Attic-aditus block and the tympanic diaphragm","volume":"80","author":"Proctor","year":"1971","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.594","article-title":"Reliability of high-resolution CT scan in diagnosis of ossicular tympanosclerosis","volume":"6","author":"Larem","year":"2021","journal-title":"Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.127.5.559","article-title":"A\u00a0study of inflammatory mediators in the human tympanosclerotic middle ear","volume":"127","author":"Forseni","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1989.01860320041015","article-title":"Hearing loss in tympanosclerosis caused by grommets","volume":"115","author":"Tos","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.154.3.3918333","article-title":"Postinflammatory ossicular fixation: CT analysis with surgical correlation","volume":"154","author":"Swartz","year":"1985","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib74","first-page":"1","article-title":"EAONO\/JOS Joint Consensus Statements on the Definitions, Classification and Staging of Middle Ear Cholesteatoma","volume":"13","author":"Yung","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Int Adv Otol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000002521","article-title":"International Pediatric Otolaryngology Group (IPOG) Consensus Recommendations: Congenital Cholesteatoma","volume":"41","author":"Denoyelle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib76","article-title":"Cholesteatoma in Congenital Aural Atresia and External Auditory Canal Stenosis: A Systematic Review","author":"Chan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2022.111098","article-title":"Congenital cholesteatoma: Clinical features and surgical outcomes","volume":"156","author":"Reuven","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1179547620958728","article-title":"Tympano-Mastoid Cholesterol Granuloma: Case Report and\u00a0Review of the Literature","volume":"13","author":"Pace","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Med Insights Case Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480310017036","article-title":"Cholesterol granuloma of the temporal bone: a pathologic designation or a clinical diagnosis?","volume":"125","author":"Rinaldo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e925369","DOI":"10.12659\/AJCR.925369","article-title":"Tympanic Cholesterol Granuloma and Exclusive Endoscopic Approach","volume":"21","author":"Angeletti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Case Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1258\/0022215021910014","article-title":"Congenital conductive hearing loss","volume":"116","author":"Raveh","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Laryngol Otol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215116009166","article-title":"Radiological and audiometric evaluation of high jugular bulb and dehiscent high jugular bulb","volume":"130","author":"Sayit","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Laryngol Otol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib83","first-page":"1707","article-title":"Prominent basal emissary foramina in syndromic craniosynostosis: correlation with phenotypic and molecular diagnoses","volume":"21","author":"Robson","year":"2000","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599811430045","article-title":"The relationship between jugular bulb-vestibular aqueduct dehiscence and hearing loss in pediatric patients","volume":"146","author":"Kupfer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000003080","article-title":"Aberrant Internal Carotid Artery in the Tympanic Cavity","volume":"27","author":"Yanmaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489.2012.684400","article-title":"Aberrant internal carotid artery causing objective pulsatile tinnitus and conductive hearing loss","volume":"132","author":"Song","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-013-1127-z","article-title":"Persistent stapedial arteries in human: from phylogeny to surgical consequences","volume":"35","author":"Hitier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001466","article-title":"Surgical Management of a Persistent Stapedial Artery: A Review","volume":"38","author":"Goderie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anorl.2019.02.015","article-title":"Persistent stapedial artery in PHACE syndrome","volume":"136","author":"Quatre","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e318161ab24","article-title":"Conductive hearing loss caused by third-window lesions of the inner ear","volume":"29","author":"Merchant","year":"2008","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00954","article-title":"Audiovestibular Quantification in Rare Third Window Disorders in Children","volume":"11","author":"Dasgupta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.5152\/iao.2021.9482","article-title":"The Relationship Between the Third Window Abnormalities and Inner Ear Malformations in Children with Hearing Loss","volume":"17","author":"Sarioglu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Int Adv Otol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000000594","article-title":"Pediatric Temporal Bone Fractures: A 10-Year Experience","volume":"33","author":"Wexler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"}],"container-title":["Neuroimaging Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1052514923000394?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1052514923000394?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T07:06:36Z","timestamp":1760943996000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1052514923000394"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1052514923000394"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["1052-5149"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1052-5149","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Conductive Hearing Loss in Children","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neuroimaging Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nic.2023.05.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}