{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T05:40:04Z","timestamp":1791265204226,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuroimaging Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]],"date-time":"2023-08-09T08:16:26Z","timestamp":1691568986000},"page":"13-21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Infectious and Postinfectious Vasculopathies"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Christina M.","family":"Marra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1687915","article-title":"Infectious etiologies of stroke","volume":"39","author":"Shulman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1287658","article-title":"Cerebrovascular disease in central nervous system infections","volume":"31","author":"Chow","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-020-01415-6","article-title":"Infections causing stroke or stroke-like syndromes","volume":"48","author":"Pagliano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infection"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26618","article-title":"Stroke in patients with bacterial meningitis: a cohort study and meta-analysis","volume":"93","author":"Beuker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2229282","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.29282","article-title":"Global frequency and clinical features of stroke in patients with tuberculous meningitis: a systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Sy","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.12.043","article-title":"Lacunar stroke in cryptococcal meningitis: clinical and radiographic features","volume":"28","author":"Vela-Duarte","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix318","article-title":"Adjunctive corticosteroid therapy in the treatment of coccidioidal meningitis","volume":"65","author":"Thompson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1053\/hupa.2002.30186","article-title":"Central nervous system aspergillosis: a 20-year retrospective series","volume":"33","author":"Kleinschmidt-DeMasters","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106819","article-title":"The mucormycosis and stroke: the learning curve during the second COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"32","author":"Ramachandran","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.64.5.763-a","article-title":"Stroke caused by human immunodeficiency virus-associated vasculopathy?","volume":"64","author":"Gilden","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.47.6.1441","article-title":"Varicella zoster virus, a cause of waxing and waning vasculitis: the New England Journal of Medicine case 5-1995 revisited","volume":"47","author":"Gilden","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.03.052","article-title":"Varicella zoster virus: a common cause of stroke in children and adults","volume":"25","author":"Amlie-Lefond","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2139","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000503","article-title":"Rapid development of 9 cerebral aneurysms in varicella-zoster virus vasculopathy","volume":"82","author":"Liberman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2014.01.009","article-title":"Varicella-zoster virus vasculopathy. A review description of a new case with multifocal brain hemorrhage","volume":"338","author":"Gonzalez-Suarez","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-019-04091-6","article-title":"Moyamoya syndrome as a manifestation of varicella-associated cerebral vasculopathy-case report and review of literature","volume":"35","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1974.03230410026018","article-title":"Herpes zoster ophthalmicus and delayed contralateral hemiparesis. Relationship of the syndrome to central nervous system granulomatous angiitis","volume":"229","author":"Gilbert","year":"1974","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1148\/107.1.109","article-title":"Cranial arteritis associated with herpes zoster. Case report with angiographic findings","volume":"107","author":"Walker","year":"1973","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410190103","article-title":"Thrombotic cerebral vasculopathy associated with herpes zoster","volume":"19","author":"Eidelberg","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"suppl_2","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S107","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy425","article-title":"Varicella zoster virus vasculopathy","volume":"218","author":"Nagel","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e474","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000008885","article-title":"Microparticle-mediated VZV propagation and endothelial activation: Mechanism of VZV vasculopathy","volume":"94","author":"Eleftheriou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bubak AN, Como CN, Hassell JE Jr. et al. Targeted RNA sequencing of VZV-infected brain vascular adventitial fibroblasts indicates that amyloid may be involved in VZV vasculopathy, Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm, 9 (1), 2021:e1103.","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000001103"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa513","article-title":"Amylin, Abeta42, and amyloid in varicella zoster virus vasculopathy cerebrospinal fluid and infected vascular cells","volume":"223","author":"Bubak","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000342","DOI":"10.4172\/2155-9562.1000342","article-title":"Varicella-zoster virus vasculopathy: a case report demonstrating vasculitis using black-blood MRI","volume":"6","author":"Shah","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106891","article-title":"Risk of, and risk factors for, vasculopathy associated with acute herpes zoster","volume":"32","author":"Yawn","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70134-6","article-title":"Varicella zoster virus vasculopathies: diverse clinical manifestations, laboratory features, pathogenesis, and treatment","volume":"8","author":"Gilden","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib26","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance, 2021. Available at: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/statistics\/2021\/default.htm. Published 2023. Accessed April 23, 2023."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-022-07544-7","article-title":"Increasing incidence rates of sexually transmitted infections from 2010 to 2019: an analysis of temporal trends by geographical regions and age groups from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study","volume":"22","author":"Du","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8S","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001451","article-title":"Neurosyphilis surveillance: exploring the use of multiple data sources to better understand morbidity in california","volume":"48","author":"Burghardt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32830184df","article-title":"Neurosyphilis in a clinical cohort of HIV-1-infected patients","volume":"22","author":"Ghanem","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aids"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000149","article-title":"Toll-like receptor polymorphisms are associated with increased neurosyphilis risk","volume":"41","author":"Marra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib31","series-title":"Neurosyphilis","author":"Merritt","year":"1946"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-194405000-00003","article-title":"Meningeal and vascular syphilis of the spinal cord","volume":"23","author":"Adams","year":"1944","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltim)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib33","series-title":"Stroke and syphilis: a retrospective study of 53 patients","author":"Ahbeddou","year":"2018"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib34","first-page":"e16951","article-title":"Analysis of fourteen new cases of meningovascular syphilis: renewed interest in an old problem","volume":"13","author":"Aziouaz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2012.03.003","article-title":"Ischemic stroke as a primary symptom of neurosyphilis among HIV-negative emergency patients","volume":"317","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib36","first-page":"195","article-title":"Syphilis: a modern resurgence","volume":"37","author":"Ramchandani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr7004a1","article-title":"Sexually transmitted infections treatment guidelines, 2021","volume":"70","author":"Workowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep (Morb Mortal Wkly Rep)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-7-37","article-title":"Interpreting cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis in HIV in the era of potent antiretroviral therapy","volume":"7","author":"Marra","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31824c0e62","article-title":"The performance of cerebrospinal fluid treponemal-specific antibody tests in neurosyphilis: a systematic review","volume":"39","author":"Harding","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib40","first-page":"241","article-title":"Imaging features of neurosyphilis","volume":"50","author":"Correa","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1086\/313725","article-title":"A\u00a0pilot study evaluating ceftriaxone and penicillin G as treatment agents for neurosyphilis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals","volume":"30","author":"Marra","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30857-4","article-title":"Ceftriaxone compared with benzylpenicillin in the treatment of neurosyphilis in France: a retrospective multicentre study","volume":"21","author":"Bettuzzi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181ffa5d0","article-title":"Stroke in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus and syphilis treated with penicillin and antiretroviral therapy","volume":"38","author":"Bucher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181c55d2e","article-title":"Delayed cerebral thrombosis after initial good recovery from pneumococcal meningitis","volume":"73","author":"Schut","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-018-0368-8","article-title":"Delayed cerebral thrombosis complicating pneumococcal meningitis: an autopsy study","volume":"8","author":"Engelen-Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-012-2792-9","article-title":"Delayed cerebral thrombosis in bacterial meningitis: a prospective cohort study","volume":"39","author":"Lucas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim HK, Jang Y, Seo T, et al. Chronic recurrent delayed cerebral vasculopathy after pneumococcal meningitis, Acta Neurol Belg, 2022, Online ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-022-02128-3"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1002\/ped4.12048","article-title":"Moyamoya syndrome after bacterial meningitis","volume":"2","author":"Dou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Investig"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.041046","article-title":"Postinfectious vasculopathy with evolution to Moyamoya syndrome","volume":"76","author":"Czartoski","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e811","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003220","article-title":"Delayed cerebral injury in adults with bacterial meningitis: a novel complication of adjunctive steroids?","volume":"46","author":"Gallegos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3943","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI57522","article-title":"Complement component 5 contributes to poor disease outcome in humans and mice with pneumococcal meningitis","volume":"121","author":"Woehrl","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.06.005","article-title":"Delayed cerebral vasculopathy in pneumococcal meningitis: epidemiology and clinical outcome. a cohort study","volume":"97","author":"Boix-Palop","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Neuroimaging Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1052514923000631?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1052514923000631?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T07:07:39Z","timestamp":1760944059000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1052514923000631"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1052514923000631"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1052-5149"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1052-5149","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Infectious and Postinfectious Vasculopathies","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neuroimaging Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nic.2023.06.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}