{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:35:08Z","timestamp":1784248508372,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuroimaging Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.nic.2024.08.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T11:56:59Z","timestamp":1725623819000},"page":"123-132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Causes of Intracranial Hypotension"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Jeremy K.","family":"Cutsforth-Gregory","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie J.","family":"Steel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wouter I.","family":"Schievink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajay A.","family":"Madhavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2024.08.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11051461","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid-basic concepts review","volume":"11","author":"Czarniak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2024.08.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e200290","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000200290","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous intracranial hypotension: role of epidural blood patching","volume":"14","author":"Callen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurol Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2024.08.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102415623071","article-title":"How common is normal cerebrospinal fluid pressure in spontaneous intracranial hypotension?","volume":"36","author":"Kranz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2024.08.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00423-3","article-title":"Spontaneous intracranial hypotension: searching for the CSF leak","volume":"21","author":"Dobrocky","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2024.08.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.4799","article-title":"Clinical presentation, investigation findings, and treatment outcomes of spontaneous intracranial hypotension syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"78","author":"D'Antona","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2024.08.004_bib6","first-page":"306","article-title":"Second-half-of-the-day headache as a manifestation of spontaneous CSF leak","volume":"259","author":"Leep Hunderfund","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2024.08.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182166e42","article-title":"Frontotemporal brain sagging syndrome: an SIH-like presentation mimicking FTD","volume":"76","author":"Wicklund","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2024.08.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1093\/ons\/opy029","article-title":"Behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia as a serious complication of spontaneous intracranial hypotension","volume":"15","author":"Schievink","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2024.08.004_bib9","first-page":"1380","article-title":"Spinal cerebrospinal fluid leak as the cause of chronic subdural hematomas in nongeriatric patients","volume":"121","author":"Beck","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2024.08.004_bib10","first-page":"608","article-title":"Spectrum of subdural fluid collections in spontaneous intracranial hypotension","volume":"103","author":"Schievink","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2024.08.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000267847.69896.be","article-title":"Superficial siderosis and csf hypovolemia: the defect (dural) in the link","volume":"69","author":"Kumar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2024.08.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A0956","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for spontaneous spinal CSF leaks and intracranial hypotension","volume":"29","author":"Schievink","year":"2008","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2024.08.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2011.01911.x","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for headache due to spontaneous intracranial hypotension: a perspective","volume":"51","author":"Schievink","year":"2011","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2024.08.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30085-1","article-title":"International classification of headache disorders","volume":"17","author":"Olesen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2024.08.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002986","article-title":"A\u00a0classification system of spontaneous spinal CSF leaks","volume":"87","author":"Schievink","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2024.08.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s10194-007-0421-8","article-title":"Frequency of spontaneous intracranial hypotension in the emergency department","volume":"8","author":"Schievink","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Headache Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2024.08.004_bib17","article-title":"Incidence of spontaneous intracranial hypotension in Olmsted County, Minnesota: 2019-2021","author":"Pradeep","year":"2023","journal-title":"Intervent Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2024.08.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32451-0","article-title":"Atraumatic versus conventional lumbar puncture needles: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"391","author":"Nath","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2024.08.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2007.122879","article-title":"Epidural blood patch in post dural puncture headache: a randomised, observer-blind, controlled clinical trial","volume":"79","author":"van Kooten","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2024.08.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-6576.2002.460707.x","article-title":"Epidural blood patch for management of postdural puncture headache in adolescents","volume":"46","author":"Ylonen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2024.08.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1007\/s11420-017-9541-0","article-title":"Post-dural puncture headache is uncommon in young ambulatory surgery patients","volume":"13","author":"DelPizzo","year":"2017","journal-title":"HSS J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2024.08.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03021057","article-title":"PDPH is a common complication of neuraxial blockade in parturients: a meta-analysis of obstetrical studies","volume":"50","author":"Choi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2024.08.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200010000-00027","article-title":"Postdural puncture headache: a randomized comparison of five spinal needles in obstetric patients","volume":"91","author":"Vallejo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2024.08.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.5.814","article-title":"Spontaneous CSF leaks: underlying disorder of connective tissue","volume":"58","author":"Mokri","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2024.08.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2012.191","article-title":"Connective tissue spectrum abnormalities associated with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks: a prospective study","volume":"21","author":"Reinstein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2024.08.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3359","article-title":"Spinal meningeal diverticula in spontaneous intracranial hypotension: analysis of prevalence and myelographic appearance","volume":"34","author":"Kranz","year":"2013","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2024.08.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s00062-017-0596-6","article-title":"Penetrating osseous spicules causing high-flow ventral CSF leaks in the setting of relatively low BMI : a preliminary study","volume":"28","author":"Rosebrock","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2024.08.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A7548","article-title":"Spontaneous spinal CSF leaks stratified by age, body mass index, and spinal level","volume":"43","author":"Mamlouk","year":"2022","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2024.08.004_bib29","first-page":"745","article-title":"Spontaneous intracranial hypotension: a systematic imaging approach for CSF leak localization and management based on MRI and digital subtraction myelography","volume":"40","author":"Farb","year":"2019","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2024.08.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-022-02943-8","article-title":"Osseous spicules of the posterior elements causing fast cerebrospinal fluid leaks","volume":"64","author":"Madhavan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2024.08.004_bib31","first-page":"149","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid volume-depletion headaches in patients with traumatic brachial plexus injury","volume":"118","author":"Hebert-Blouin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2024.08.004_bib32","first-page":"749","article-title":"Lack of causal association between spontaneous intracranial hypotension and cranial cerebrospinal fluid leaks","volume":"116","author":"Schievink","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2024.08.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21622","article-title":"Multi-institutional study of risk factors for perioperative morbidity following transnasal endoscopic pituitary adenoma surgery","volume":"6","author":"Boling","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2024.08.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.01.006","article-title":"Re-evaluating the incidence of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in an era of increasing obesity","volume":"124","author":"Kilgore","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nic.2024.08.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1716898","article-title":"A\u00a0unique subset: idiopathic intracranial hypertension presenting as spontaneous CSF leak of the anterior skull base","volume":"83","author":"Hong","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Surg B Skull Base"}],"container-title":["Neuroimaging Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1052514924000510?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1052514924000510?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T15:35:14Z","timestamp":1755617714000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1052514924000510"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1052514924000510"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nic.2024.08.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1052-5149"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1052-5149","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Causes of Intracranial Hypotension","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neuroimaging Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nic.2024.08.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}