{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T18:17:11Z","timestamp":1792606631824,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,20]],"date-time":"2014-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1400544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":139,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NeuroImage: Clinical"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,21]],"date-time":"2014-05-21T16:01:03Z","timestamp":1400688063000},"page":"828-837","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Strategic lacunes and their relationship to cognitive impairment in cerebral small vessel disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Philip","family":"Benjamin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhavini","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ai Wern","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew D.","family":"MacKinnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin G.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas R.","family":"Barrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugh S.","family":"Markus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3465","article-title":"Imaging structural co-variance between human brain regions","volume":"14","author":"Alexander-Bloch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.09.030186.002041","article-title":"Parallel organization of functionally segregated circuits linking basal ganglia and cortex","volume":"9","author":"Alexander","year":"1986","journal-title":"Annual Review of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.12.049","article-title":"Diffeomorphic registration using geodesic shooting and Gauss\u2013Newton optimisation","volume":"55","author":"Ashburner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.09.025","article-title":"A reproducible evaluation of ANTs similarity metric performance in brain image registration","volume":"54","author":"Avants","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.18.3.545","article-title":"The natural history of lacunar infarction: the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project","volume":"18","author":"Bamford","year":"1987","journal-title":"Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-011-6147-1","article-title":"Basal ganglia, thalamus and neocortical atrophy predicting slowed cognitive processing in multiple sclerosis","volume":"259","author":"Batista","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1075","article-title":"Non-invasive mapping of connections between human thalamus and cortex using diffusion imaging","volume":"6","author":"Behrens","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.160440","article-title":"Location of lacunar infarcts correlates with cognition in a sample of non-disabled subjects with age-related white-matter changes: the LADIS study","volume":"80","author":"Benisty","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1038\/jhh.2008.80","article-title":"Cognitive function and hypertension","volume":"23","author":"Birns","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Human Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.47.4.1109","article-title":"Risk factors for lacunes","volume":"47","author":"Boiten","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2010.04.004","article-title":"Large-scale brain networks in cognition: emerging methods and principles","volume":"14","author":"Bressler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000216270.02610.7e","article-title":"The cognitive profiles of CADASIL and sporadic small vessel disease","volume":"66","author":"Charlton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.10.013","article-title":"Nucleus accumbens, thalamus and insula connectivity during incentive anticipation in typical adults and adolescents","volume":"66","author":"Cho","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref14","series-title":"The BIRT Memory and Information Processing Battery (B-MIPB)","author":"Coughlan","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref15","series-title":"Delis Kaplan 2001 Executive Function Scale (D-KEFS)","author":"Delis","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7143","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1486-08.2008","article-title":"Evidence for segregated and integrative connectivity patterns in the human basal ganglia","volume":"28","author":"Draganski","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience: the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2366","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr169","article-title":"Strategic role of frontal white matter tracts in vascular cognitive impairment: a voxel-based lesion\u2013symptom mapping study in CADASIL","volume":"134","author":"Duering","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain: a Journal of Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.9.1683","article-title":"Pathologic correlates of incidental MRI white matter signal hyperintensities","volume":"43","author":"Fazekas","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00685305","article-title":"The arterial lesions underlying lacunes","volume":"12","author":"Fisher","year":"1968","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000166052.89772.b5","article-title":"Cognitive consequences of thalamic, basal ganglia, and deep white matter lacunes in brain aging and dementia","volume":"36","author":"Gold","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/0730-725X(96)00018-5","article-title":"Quantification of MRI lesion load in multiple sclerosis: a comparison of three computer-assisted techniques","volume":"14","author":"Grimaud","year":"1996","journal-title":"Magnetic Resonance imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhh105","article-title":"Functional\u2013anatomical validation and individual variation of diffusion tractography-based segmentation of the human thalamus","volume":"15","author":"Johansen-Berg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y.: 1991)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2006.103549","article-title":"Risk factor profile of cerebral small vessel disease and its subtypes","volume":"78","author":"Khan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.12.037","article-title":"Evaluation of 14 nonlinear deformation algorithms applied to human brain MRI registration","volume":"46","author":"Klein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.02.062","article-title":"Topography of connections between human prefrontal cortex and mediodorsal thalamus studied with diffusion tractography","volume":"51","author":"Klein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2013.04.017","article-title":"Multiparametric brainstem segmentation using a modified multivariate mixture of Gaussians","volume":"2","author":"Lambert","year":"2013","journal-title":"NeuroImage: Clinical"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lawrence A.J., Patel B., Morris R.G., MacKinnon A.D., Rich P.M., Barrick T.R., Markus H.S., Mechanisms of cognitive impairment in cerebral small vessel disease: multimodal MRI results from the St George's cognition and neuroimaging in Stroke (SCANS) study. PLOS One (2013) http:\/\/www.plosone.org\/article\/info:doi\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0061014.","DOI":"10.1371\/annotation\/bbde462e-c699-4c4d-9b61-050c7e6e5ce3"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2011.7.4.210","article-title":"Effects of lacunar infarctions on cognitive impairment in patients with cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy","volume":"7","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Neurology (Seoul, Korea)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(199403)50:2<256::AID-JCLP2270500218>3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"Validation of the Geriatric Depression Scale \u2014 short form among inpatients","volume":"50","author":"Lesher","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2245","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.112.660076","article-title":"Cavitation of deep lacunar infarcts in patients with first-ever lacunar stroke: a 2-year follow-up study with MR","volume":"43","author":"Loos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref33","series-title":"Instruction Manual for the Adult Neuropsychological Test Battery","author":"Matthews","year":"1964"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref34","first-page":"7","article-title":"Functional mapping of thalamic nuclei and their integration into corticostriatal-thalamo-cortical loops via ultra-high resolution imaging from animal anatomy to in vivo imaging in humans","volume":"8","author":"Metzger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref53","unstructured":"MATLAB and Statistics Toolbox Release 2010b, The MathWorks, Inc., Natick, Massachusetts, United States."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19971103)387:4<588::AID-CNE8>3.0.CO;2-Z","article-title":"Multiarchitectonic and stereotactic atlas of the human thalamus","volume":"387","author":"Morel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref36","series-title":"MRI Atlas of Human White Matter","author":"Mori","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1159\/000070683","article-title":"Factor structure of a modified version of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: an analysis of executive deficit in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment","volume":"16","author":"Nagahama","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref54","unstructured":"Nelson, H., Willison, J.R., National Adult Reading Test (NART): test Manual. NFER-Nelson, 2nd Edition; 1991."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.507475","article-title":"Multimodal MRI in cerebral small vessel disease: its relationship with cognition and sensitivity to change over time","volume":"39","author":"Nitkunan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2003.014910","article-title":"Diffusion tensor MRI correlates with executive dysfunction in patients with ischaemic leukoaraiosis","volume":"75","author":"O'Sullivan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70104-6","article-title":"Cerebral small vessel disease: from pathogenesis and clinical characteristics to therapeutic challenges","volume":"9","author":"Pantoni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903230204","article-title":"The organization of the thalamocortical connections of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus in the rat, related to the ventral forebrain\u2013prefrontal cortex topography","volume":"323","author":"Ray","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1037\/h0044509","article-title":"The relation of the trail making test to organic brain damage","volume":"19","author":"Reitan","year":"1955","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1040","article-title":"Accurate, robust, and automated longitudinal and cross-sectional brain change analysis","volume":"17","author":"Smith","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-012-0422-5","article-title":"Structural covariance of the neostriatum with regional gray matter volumes.","volume":"218","author":"Soriano-Mas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain structure & function"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e3282f2139b","article-title":"Depression and cognition in older adults","volume":"21","author":"Thomas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-6410(01)00010-6","article-title":"Thalamic volume predicts performance on tests of cognitive speed and decreases in healthy aging. A magnetic resonance imaging-based volumetric analysis. Brain","volume":"11","author":"Van","year":"2001","journal-title":"Resources Cognitive Brain Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70170-9","article-title":"Silent brain infarcts: a systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Vermeer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000265221.05610.70","article-title":"Lacunar lesions are independently associated with disability and cognitive impairment in CADASIL","volume":"69","author":"Viswanathan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70124-8","article-title":"Neuroimaging standards for research into small vessel disease and its contribution to ageing and neurodegeneration","volume":"12","author":"Wardlaw","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref50","series-title":"Manual for the Wechsler Intelligence Scale \u2014 Third Edition (WAIS-III)","author":"Wechsler","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009_ref51","series-title":"Wechsler Memory Scale \u2014 Third Edition (WMS-III UK). Administration and Scoring Manual","author":"Wechsler","year":"1997"}],"container-title":["NeuroImage: Clinical"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213158214000655?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213158214000655?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T03:56:57Z","timestamp":1761969417000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2213158214000655"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["S2213158214000655"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["2213-1582"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2213-1582","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Strategic lacunes and their relationship to cognitive impairment in cerebral small vessel disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"NeuroImage: Clinical","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}