{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T18:17:21Z","timestamp":1793297841705,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,25]],"date-time":"2015-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1424822400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":55,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["P50HD40095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50HD40095"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01HD056107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD056107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation","award":["SBE0541953"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SBE0541953"]}]},{"name":"Intellectual and Development Disorders Research Center","award":["IDDRC5P30HD040677-13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IDDRC5P30HD040677-13"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NeuroImage: Clinical"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,26]],"date-time":"2015-02-26T02:01:40Z","timestamp":1424916100000},"page":"742-754","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Dyslexic children lack word selectivity gradients in occipito-temporal and inferior frontal cortex"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"O.A.","family":"Olulade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.L.","family":"Flowers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.M.","family":"Napoliello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.F.","family":"Eden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2005.07.023","article-title":"Dissociable controlled retrieval and generalized selection mechanisms in ventrolateral prefrontal cortex","volume":"47","author":"Badre","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5397","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0864-05.2005","article-title":"Shifts of effective connectivity within a language network during rhyming and spelling","volume":"25","author":"Bitan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.07.007","article-title":"Weaker top-down modulation from the left inferior frontal gyrus in children","volume":"33","author":"Bitan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2011.11.015","article-title":"Aphasia induced by gliomas growing in the ventrolateral frontal region: assessment with diffusion MR tractography, functional MR imaging and neuropsychology","volume":"48","author":"Bizzi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00288-4","article-title":"Functional interactions of the inferior frontal cortex during the processing of words and word-like stimuli","volume":"30","author":"Bokde","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2006.08.015","article-title":"Children with reading disorder show modality independent brain abnormalities during semantic tasks","volume":"45","author":"Booth","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1162\/0898929041920496","article-title":"Development of brain mechanisms for processing orthographic and phonologic representations","volume":"16","author":"Booth","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1076\/chin.7.3.119.8740","article-title":"The development of specialized brain systems in reading and oral-language","volume":"7","author":"Booth","year":"2001","journal-title":"Child Neuropsychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.06.099","article-title":"Neuropsychological deficits and neural dysfunction in familial dyslexia","volume":"1113","author":"Brambati","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7939","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0904402107","article-title":"Brain sensitivity to print emerges when children learn letter-speech sound correspondences","volume":"107","author":"Brem","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.09.023","article-title":"Evidence for developmental changes in the visual word processing network beyond adolescence","volume":"29","author":"Brem","year":"2006","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20751","article-title":"Tuning of the visual word processing system: distinct developmental ERP and fMRI effects","volume":"30","author":"Brem","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.12.050","article-title":"Facial expressions and complex IAPS pictures: common and differential networks","volume":"31","author":"Britton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhh129","article-title":"Developmental changes in human cerebral functional organization for word generation","volume":"15","author":"Brown","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.28.5.874","article-title":"Persistence of dyslexics' phonological awareness deficits","volume":"28","author":"Bruck","year":"1992","journal-title":"Dev. Psychol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/122.10.1901","article-title":"Explicit and implicit processing of words and pseudowords by adult developmental dyslexics: a search for Wernicke's Wortschatz?","volume":"122","author":"Brunswick","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.12.009","article-title":"Effective brain connectivity in children with reading difficulties during phonological processing","volume":"107","author":"Cao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Lang."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2006.01684.x","article-title":"Deficient orthographic and phonological representations in children with dyslexia revealed by brain activation patterns","volume":"47","author":"Cao","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2003.12.049","article-title":"Specialization within the ventral stream: the case for the visual word form area","volume":"22","author":"Cohen","year":"2004","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.2.291","article-title":"The visual word form area: spatial and temporal characterization of an initial stage of reading in normal subjects and posterior split-brain patients","volume":"123","author":"Cohen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf094","article-title":"Language-specific tuning of visual cortex? Functional properties of the visual word form area","volume":"125","author":"Cohen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199202203260806","article-title":"Aphasia","volume":"326","author":"Damasio","year":"1992","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0956-7976.2004.00674.x","article-title":"Letter binding and invariant recognition of masked words: behavioral and neuroimaging evidence","volume":"15","author":"Dehaene","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/115.6.1753","article-title":"The anatomy of phonological and semantic processing in normal subjects","volume":"115","author":"D\u00e9monet","year":"1992","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"9419","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16106-0","article-title":"Developmental dyslexia","volume":"363","author":"D\u00e9monet","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-934X(76)90001-8","article-title":"Naming of object-drawings by dyslexic and other learning disabled children","volume":"3","author":"Denckla","year":"1976","journal-title":"Brain Lang."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(76)90075-0","article-title":"Rapid \u201cautomatized\u201d naming (R.A.N): dyslexia differentiated from other learning disabilities","volume":"14","author":"Denckla","year":"1976","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.3109\/07434618.2010.505606","article-title":"Reading acquisition, AAC and the transferability of English research to languages with more consistent or transparent orthographies","volume":"26","author":"Erickson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Augment. Altern. Commun."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-013-0552-4","article-title":"Sex-specific gray matter volume differences in females with developmental dyslexia","volume":"219","author":"Evans","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Struct. Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.07.028","article-title":"The functional anatomy of single-digit arithmetic in children with developmental dyslexia","volume":"101","author":"Evans","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.3.914","article-title":"Neuroimaging studies of word reading","volume":"95","author":"Fiez","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1091","article-title":"Classical and Bayesian inference in neuroimaging: applications","volume":"16","author":"Friston","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(01)02236-4","article-title":"Phonological processing in dyslexic children: a study combining functional imaging and event related potentials","volume":"318","author":"Georgiewa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3459","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199911080-00036","article-title":"fMRI during word processing in dyslexic and normal reading children","volume":"10","author":"Georgiewa","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref35","series-title":"Applied Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Hinkle","year":"2002"},{"issue":"42","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10700","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4931-05.2006","article-title":"Neural basis of dyslexia: a comparison between dyslexic and nondyslexic children equated for reading ability","volume":"26","author":"Hoeft","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4234","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0609399104","article-title":"Functional and morphometric brain dissociation between dyslexia and reading ability","volume":"104","author":"Hoeft","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8939","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.15.8939","article-title":"Functional connectivity of the angular gyrus in normal reading and dyslexia","volume":"95","author":"Horwitz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-934X(02)00055-X","article-title":"Residual differences in language processing in compensated dyslexics revealed in simple word reading tasks","volume":"83","author":"Ingvar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain Lang."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2092-13.2013","article-title":"An investigation into the origin of anatomical differences in dyslexia","volume":"34","author":"Krafnick","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.10.062","article-title":"Gray matter volume changes following reading intervention in dyslexic children","volume":"57","author":"Krafnick","year":"2011","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35589","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035589","article-title":"Hemispheric asymmetry in white matter connectivity of the temporoparietal junction with the insula and prefrontal cortex","volume":"7","author":"Kucyi","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-010-0367-x","article-title":"Understanding the time variant connectivity of the language network in developmental dyslexia: new insights using Granger causality","volume":"117","author":"Ligges","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref44","series-title":"Lindamood-bell Auditory Conceptualization Test","author":"Lindamood","year":"2004"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11881-003-0001-9","article-title":"A definition of dyslexia","volume":"53","author":"Lyon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann. of Dyslexia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1416.024","article-title":"A meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies of dyslexia","volume":"1145","author":"Maisog","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3200","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm193","article-title":"Impaired tuning of a fast occipito-temporal response for print in dyslexic children learning to read","volume":"130","author":"Maurer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.06.025","article-title":"Coarse neural tuning for print peaks when children learn to read","volume":"33","author":"Maurer","year":"2006","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(03)00134-7","article-title":"The visual word form area: expertise for reading in the fusiform gyrus","volume":"7","author":"McCandliss","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci. (Regul. Ed.)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1002\/mrdd.10080","article-title":"The development of reading impairment: a cognitive neuroscience model","volume":"9","author":"McCandliss","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1162\/089892905774589190","article-title":"Dissociating reading processes on the basis of neuronal interactions","volume":"17","author":"Mechelli","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2780","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhm006","article-title":"Brain activation during sentence comprehension among good and poor readers","volume":"17","author":"Meyler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.90.3.347","article-title":"Subtypes of reading disability: variability around a phonological core","volume":"90","author":"Morris","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Educ. Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(71)90067-4","article-title":"The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinburgh inventory","volume":"9","author":"Oldfield","year":"1971","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2012.04.003","article-title":"Developmental differences for word processing in the ventral stream","volume":"125","author":"Olulade","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Lang."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1080\/87565641.2012.702826","article-title":"Beyond phonological processing deficits in adult dyslexics: atypical fMRI activation patterns for spatial problem solving","volume":"37","author":"Olulade","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dev. Neuropsychol."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-934X(03)00418-8","article-title":"FMRI of two measures of phonological processing in visual word recognition: ecological validity matters","volume":"90","author":"Owen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Lang."},{"issue":"5511","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1057179","article-title":"Dyslexia: cultural diversity and biological unity","volume":"291","author":"Paulesu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1038\/71163","article-title":"A cultural effect on brain function","volume":"3","author":"Paulesu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"issue":"4972","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2396097","article-title":"Activation of extrastriate and frontal cortical areas by visual words and word-like stimuli","volume":"249","author":"Petersen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"9830","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1997","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60198-6","article-title":"Developmental dyslexia","volume":"379","author":"Peterson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.103.1.56","article-title":"Understanding normal and impaired word reading: computational principles in quasi-regular domains","volume":"103","author":"Plaut","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1999.0441","article-title":"Functional specialization for semantic and phonological processing in the left inferior prefrontal cortex","volume":"10","author":"Poldrack","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/6.1.62","article-title":"Demonstrating the implicit processing of visually presented words and pseudowords","volume":"6","author":"Price","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9924(01)00060-0","article-title":"Neurobiological studies of reading and reading disability","volume":"34","author":"Pugh","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Commun. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9280.00214","article-title":"The angular gyrus in developmental dyslexia: task-specific differences in functional connectivity within posterior cortex","volume":"11","author":"Pugh","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.04.006","article-title":"Functional specificity of the visual word form area: general activation for words and symbols but specific network activation for words","volume":"104","author":"Reinke","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Lang."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2012.00120","article-title":"Developmental dyslexia: dysfunction of a left hemisphere reading network","volume":"6","author":"Richlan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00347","article-title":"Functional neuroanatomy of developmental dyslexia: the role of orthographic depth","volume":"8","author":"Richlan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3299","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20752","article-title":"Functional abnormalities in the dyslexic brain: a quantitative meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies","volume":"30","author":"Richlan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.02.040","article-title":"Meta-analyzing brain dysfunctions in dyslexic children and adults","volume":"56","author":"Richlan","year":"2011","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3055","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22127","article-title":"Structural abnormalities in the dyslexic brain: a meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry studies","volume":"34","author":"Richlan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.12.1883","article-title":"Neural correlates of recovery from aphasia after damage to left inferior frontal cortex","volume":"55","author":"Rosen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/120.5.739","article-title":"Phonological and orthographic components of word recognition. A PET-rCBF study","volume":"120","author":"Rumsey","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410400206","article-title":"Impaired visual word processing in dyslexia revealed with magnetoencephalography","volume":"40","author":"Salmelin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.02.012","article-title":"Impaired semantic processing during sentence reading in children with dyslexia: Combined fMRI and ERP evidence","volume":"41","author":"Schulz","year":"2008","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01365-3","article-title":"Disruption of posterior brain systems for reading in children with developmental dyslexia","volume":"52","author":"Shaywitz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2636","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.5.2636","article-title":"Functional disruption in the organization of the brain for reading in dyslexia","volume":"95","author":"Shaywitz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9480","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-21-09480.1999","article-title":"Areas involved in encoding and applying directional expectations to moving objects","volume":"19","author":"Shulman","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.72.1.146","article-title":"Averaging correlation coefficients: should Fisher's z transformation be used?","volume":"72","author":"Silver","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Appl. Psychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2005.12.006","article-title":"Low-frequency signal changes reflect differences in functional connectivity between good readers and dyslexics during continuous phoneme mapping","volume":"24","author":"Stanberry","year":"2006","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.86.1.24","article-title":"Phenotypic performance profile of children with reading disabilities: a regression-based test of the phonological-core variable-difference model","volume":"86","author":"Stanovich","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Educ. Psychol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/122.11.2119","article-title":"Dynamics of letter string perception in the human occipitotemporal cortex","volume":"122","author":"Tarkiainen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200102120-00024","article-title":"Disrupted neural responses to phonological and orthographic processing in dyslexic children: an fMRI study","volume":"12","author":"Temple","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9087","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0703300104","article-title":"Visual word processing and experiential origins of functional selectivity in human extrastriate cortex","volume":"104","author":"Baker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.11.051","article-title":"A method for using blocked and event-related fMRI data to study \u201cresting state\u201d functional connectivity","volume":"35","author":"Fair","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14792","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.26.14792","article-title":"Role of left inferior prefrontal cortex in retrieval of semantic knowledge: a reevaluation","volume":"94","author":"Thompson-Schill","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00803-1","article-title":"The neural basis of hyperlexic reading: an FMRI case study","volume":"41","author":"Turkeltaub","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1065","article-title":"Development of neural mechanisms for reading","volume":"6","author":"Turkeltaub","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.05.021","article-title":"Children with dyslexia lack multiple specializations along the visual word-form (VWF) system","volume":"47","author":"van der Mark","year":"2009","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.10.002","article-title":"The left occipitotemporal system in reading: Disruption of focal fMRI connectivity to left inferior frontal and inferior parietal language areas in children with dyslexia","volume":"54","author":"van der Mark","year":"2011","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2007.05.031","article-title":"Hierarchical coding of letter strings in the ventral stream: dissecting the inner organization of the visual word-form system","volume":"55","author":"Vinckier","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2010.11.013","article-title":"Dynamic task-specific brain network connectivity in children with severe reading difficulties","volume":"488","author":"Vourkas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00359-2","article-title":"Recovering meaning: left prefrontal cortex guides controlled semantic retrieval","volume":"31","author":"Wagner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.101.2.192","article-title":"The nature of phonological processing and its causal role in the acquisition of reading skills","volume":"101","author":"Wagner","year":"1987","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref96","series-title":"Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI)","author":"Wechsler","year":"1999"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhq180","article-title":"The neural organization of semantic control: TMS evidence for a distributed network in left inferior frontal and posterior middle temporal gyrus","volume":"21","author":"Whitney","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref98","series-title":"Woodcock\u2013Johnson III Tests of Achievement","author":"Woodcock","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013_ref99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2012.04.010","article-title":"Anatomy of the visual word form area: adjacent cortical circuits and long-range white matter connections","volume":"125","author":"Yeatman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Lang."}],"container-title":["NeuroImage: Clinical"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213158215000315?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213158215000315?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T03:57:25Z","timestamp":1761969445000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2213158215000315"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"references-count":99,"alternative-id":["S2213158215000315"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["2213-1582"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2213-1582","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Dyslexic children lack word selectivity gradients in occipito-temporal and inferior frontal cortex","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"NeuroImage: Clinical","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}