{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T20:59:49Z","timestamp":1791406789642,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,3]],"date-time":"2017-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1486080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":33,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006673","name":"Fonds L\u00e9on Fredericq","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006673","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000913","name":"James S. McDonnell Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000913","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010978","name":"Wallonie-Bruxelles International","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010978","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001491","name":"Belgian American Educational Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001491","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007248","name":"Mind Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007248","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002661","name":"Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EU-H2020-FETFLAGSHIP-HBP-SGA1-GA720270"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EU-H2020-FETFLAGSHIP-HBP-SGA1-GA720270"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002661","name":"Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EU-H2020-FETOPEN-GA686764"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EU-H2020-FETOPEN-GA686764"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NeuroImage: Clinical"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.02.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,5]],"date-time":"2017-02-05T20:46:26Z","timestamp":1486327586000},"page":"354-362","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":152,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Measures of metabolism and complexity in the brain of patients with disorders of consciousness"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1188-5484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier","family":"Bodart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Gosseries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Wannez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurore","family":"Thibaut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jitka","family":"Annen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Boly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Rosanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adenauer G.","family":"Casali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Casarotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulio","family":"Tononi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcello","family":"Massimini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Laureys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.02.002_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr005","article-title":"Dissociations between behavioural and functional magnetic resonance imaging-based evaluations of cognitive function after brain injury","volume":"134","author":"Bardin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.02.002_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2011.892","article-title":"Pattern classification of volitional functional magnetic resonance imaging responses in patients with severe brain injury","volume":"69","author":"Bardin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.02.002_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1348965","article-title":"Coma and disorders of consciousness: scientific advances and practical considerations for clinicians","volume":"33","author":"Bodart","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.02.002_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3006294","article-title":"A theoretically based index of consciousness independent of sensory processing and behavior","volume":"5","author":"Casali","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.02.002_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010281","article-title":"EEG responses to TMS are sensitive to changes in the perturbation parameters and repeatable over time","volume":"5","author":"Casarotto","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.02.002_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24779","article-title":"Stratification of unresponsive patients by an independantly validated index of brain complexity","author":"Casarotto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.02.002_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2088","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61224-5","article-title":"Bedside detection of awareness in the vegetative state: a cohort study","volume":"378","author":"Cruse","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.02.002_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2681","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0913008107","article-title":"Breakdown in cortical effective connectivity during midazolam-induced loss of consciousness","volume":"107","author":"Ferrarelli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.02.002_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.2217\/fnl.12.77","article-title":"Our rapidly changing understanding of acute and chronic disorders of consciousness: challenges for neurologists","volume":"8","author":"Gantner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Future Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.02.002_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.3.349","article-title":"The minimally conscious state: definition and diagnostic criteria","volume":"58","author":"Giacino","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.02.002_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.02.033","article-title":"The JFK coma recovery scale-revised: measurement characteristics and diagnostic utility","volume":"85","author":"Giacino","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.02.002_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1102609","article-title":"Placebo-controlled trial of amantadine for severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"366","author":"Giacino","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.02.002_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2013.279","article-title":"Disorders of consciousness after acquired brain injury: the state of the science","volume":"10","author":"Giacino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.02.002_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2011.03.022","article-title":"Determination of awareness in patients with severe brain injury using EEG power spectral analysis","volume":"122","author":"Goldfine","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.02.002_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2014.920522","article-title":"Recent advances in disorders of consciousness: focus on the diagnosis","volume":"28","author":"Gosseries","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Inj."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.02.002_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.10.008","article-title":"On the cerebral origin of EEG responses to TMS: insights from severe cortical lesions","volume":"8","author":"Gosseries","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.02.002_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3537","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199711100-00024","article-title":"Neuronal responses to magnetic stimulation reveal cortical reactivity and connectivity","volume":"8","author":"Ilmoniemi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.02.002_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1998.0414","article-title":"Impaired effective cortical connectivity in vegetative state: preliminary investigation using PET","volume":"9","author":"Laureys","year":"1999","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.02.002_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(04)00852-X","article-title":"Brain function in coma, vegetative state, and related disorders","volume":"3","author":"Laureys","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.02.002_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2228","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1117256","article-title":"Breakdown of cortical effective connectivity during sleep","volume":"309","author":"Massimini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science (80-)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.02.002_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(09)17714-2","article-title":"A perturbational approach for evaluating the brain's capacity for consciousness","volume":"177","author":"Massimini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.02.002_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1080\/17588921003731578","article-title":"Cortical reactivity and effective connectivity during REM sleep in humans","volume":"1","author":"Massimini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.02.002_bb0115","first-page":"44","article-title":"Cortical mechanisms of loss of consciousness: insight from TMS\/EEG studies","volume":"150","author":"Massimini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Ital. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.02.002_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0905370","article-title":"Willful modulation of brain activity in disorders of consciousness","volume":"362","author":"Monti","year":"2010","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.02.002_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2005.080523","article-title":"Relationship between regional cerebral metabolism and consciousness disturbance in traumatic diffuse brain injury without large focal lesions: an FDG-PET study with statistical parametric mapping analysis","volume":"77","author":"Nakayama","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.02.002_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1130197","article-title":"Detecting awareness in the vegetative state","volume":"313","author":"Owen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science (80\u2013)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.02.002_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr340","article-title":"Recovery of cortical effective connectivity and recovery of consciousness in vegetative patients","volume":"135","author":"Rosanova","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.02.002_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2015.10.014","article-title":"Consciousness and complexity during unresponsiveness induced by propofol, xenon, and ketamine","volume":"25","author":"Sarasso","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.02.002_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.02.027","article-title":"Brain death and disorders of consciousness","volume":"26","author":"Schiff","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.02.002_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06041","article-title":"Behavioural improvements with thalamic stimulation after severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"448","author":"Schiff","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.02.002_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2010.07.218","article-title":"Assessment scales for disorders of consciousness: evidence-based recommendations for clinical practice and research","volume":"91","author":"Seel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.02.002_bb0160","first-page":"8","article-title":"Diagnostic precision of PET imaging and functional MRI in disorders of consciousness: a clinical validation study","volume":"6736","author":"Stender","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.02.002_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.04.024","article-title":"The minimal energetic requirement of sustained awareness after brain injury","volume":"26","author":"Stender","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.02.002_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0940","article-title":"Metabolic activity in external and internal awareness networks in severely brain-damaged patients","volume":"44","author":"Thibaut","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.02.002_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000260","article-title":"tDCS in patients with disorders of consciousness","volume":"82","author":"Thibaut","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.02.002_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e3181a0e3a0","article-title":"Incidence of clinically significant responses to zolpidem among patients with disorders of consciousness: a preliminary placebo controlled trial","volume":"88","author":"Whyte","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil."}],"container-title":["NeuroImage: Clinical"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213158217300360?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213158217300360?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T04:13:26Z","timestamp":1761970406000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2213158217300360"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S2213158217300360"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.02.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["2213-1582"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2213-1582","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Measures of metabolism and complexity in the brain of patients with disorders of consciousness","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"NeuroImage: Clinical","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.02.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}