{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T17:47:27Z","timestamp":1793209647805,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,30]],"date-time":"2017-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":149,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["091593\/Z\/10\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["091593\/Z\/10\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006447","name":"Universit\u00e4t Z\u00fcrich","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WFL-CH-007\/14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WFL-CH-007\/14"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006447","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NeuroImage: Clinical"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,2]],"date-time":"2017-06-02T11:45:22Z","timestamp":1496403922000},"page":"494-501","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Relationship between brainstem neurodegeneration and clinical impairment in traumatic spinal cord injury"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Patrick","family":"Grabher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Blaiotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Ashburner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4851-2246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Freund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.07.007","article-title":"A fast diffeomorphic image registration algorithm","volume":"38","author":"Ashburner","year":"2007","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.02.018","article-title":"Unified segmentation","volume":"26","author":"Ashburner","year":"2005","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.12.049","article-title":"Diffeomorphic registration using geodesic shooting and Gauss-Newton optimisation","volume":"55","author":"Ashburner","year":"2011","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.06.025","article-title":"Head size, age and gender adjustment in MRI studies: a necessary nuisance?","volume":"53","author":"Barnes","year":"2010","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-9-5","article-title":"Anti-Nogo-A antibody treatment does not prevent cell body shrinkage in the motor cortex in adult monkeys subjected to unilateral cervical cord lesion","volume":"9","author":"Beaud","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31823fcdee","article-title":"Periaqueductal gray: an interface for behavioral control","author":"Benarroch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(00)00314-0","article-title":"Adjusting for multiple testing - when and how?","volume":"54","author":"Bender","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0040","first-page":"1","article-title":"Variational inference for medical image segmentation","volume":"0","author":"Blaiotta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comput. Vis. Image Underst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25210","article-title":"A general linear relaxometry model of R 1 using imaging data","volume":"73","author":"Callaghan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101960","article-title":"A multicenter international study on the Spinal Cord Independence Measure, version III: Rasch psychometric validation","volume":"45","author":"Catz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt262","article-title":"Restoration of sensorimotor functions after spinal cord injury","volume":"137","author":"Dietz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.01.052","article-title":"Regional specificity of MRI contrast parameter changes in normal ageing revealed by voxel-based quantification (VBQ)","volume":"55","author":"Draganski","year":"2011","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2012.00045","article-title":"Alteration of forebrain neurogenesis after cervical spinal cord injury in the adult rat","volume":"6","author":"Felix","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2011-301875","article-title":"Axonal integrity predicts cortical reorganisation following cervical injury","volume":"83","author":"Freund","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70146-7","article-title":"MRI investigation of the sensorimotor cortex and the corticospinal tract after acute spinal cord injury: a prospective longitudinal study","volume":"12","author":"Freund","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"Pt 6","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww076","article-title":"Embodied neurology: an integrative framework for neurological disorders","volume":"139","author":"Freund","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.460010306","article-title":"Assessing the significance of focal activations using their spatial extent","volume":"1","author":"Friston","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24508","article-title":"Tracking sensory system atrophy and outcome prediction in spinal cord injury","volume":"78","author":"Grabher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968313517755","article-title":"Assessment of spinothalamic tract function beyond pinprick in spinal cord lesions: a contact heat evoked potential study","volume":"28","author":"Haefeli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurorehabil. Neural Repair"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23974","article-title":"Iron and neurodegeneration in the multiple sclerosis brain","volume":"74","author":"Hametner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1080\/00401706.1966.10490375","article-title":"Estimation of parameters for a mixture of normal distributions","volume":"8","author":"Hasselblad","year":"1966","journal-title":"Technometrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0110","article-title":"Severity of spinal cord injury influences diffusion tensor imaging of the brain","author":"Jirjis","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5391.1121","article-title":"Thalamic and brainstem contributions to large-scale plasticity of primate somatosensory cortex","volume":"282","author":"Jones","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science (80-. )"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18534","DOI":"10.1038\/srep18534","article-title":"Association of pain and CNS structural changes after spinal cord injury","volume":"6","author":"Jutzeler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1179\/107902611X13186000420242","article-title":"Reference for the 2011 revision of the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury","volume":"34","author":"Kirshblum","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Spinal Cord Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2010.1652","article-title":"Spinal cord injuries induce changes in CB 1 cannabinoid receptor and C-C chemokine expression in brain areas underlying circuitry of chronic pain conditions","volume":"634","author":"Knerlich-Lukoschus","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.07.027","article-title":"TNF and increased intracellular iron alter macrophage polarization to a detrimental M1 phenotype in the injured spinal cord","volume":"83","author":"Kroner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3246","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.052308899","article-title":"Survival and regeneration of rubrospinal neurons 1year after spinal cord injury","volume":"99","author":"Kwon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00462","article-title":"Characterizing aging in the human brainstem using quantitative multimodal MRI analysis","volume":"7","author":"Lambert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2013.04.017","article-title":"Multiparametric brainstem segmentation using a modified multivariate mixture of Gaussians","volume":"2","author":"Lambert","year":"2013","journal-title":"NeuroImage. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.31.060407.125547","article-title":"Descending pathways in motor control","volume":"31","author":"Lemon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2138","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23783","article-title":"Spinal cord neuron inputs to the cuneate nucleus that partially survive dorsal column lesions: a pathway that could contribute to recovery after spinal cord injury","volume":"523","author":"Liao","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2008.05.033","article-title":"Vestibulospinal responses in motor incomplete spinal cord injury","volume":"119","author":"Liechti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1109\/79.543975","article-title":"The expectation-maximization algorithm","volume":"13","author":"Moon","year":"1996","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. Mag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2010.05.005","article-title":"The cerebellum and pain: passive integrator or active participator?","author":"Moulton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0180","series-title":"Duvernoy's Atlas of the Human Brain Stem and Cerebellum: High-field MRI, Surface Anatomy, Internal Structure, Vascularization and 3 D Sectional Anatomy","author":"Naidich","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/105.2.223","article-title":"The rubrospinal and central tegmental tracts in man","volume":"105","author":"Nathan","year":"1982","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.04.014","article-title":"Multiple testing corrections, nonparametric methods, and random field theory","volume":"62","author":"Nichols","year":"2012","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21122","article-title":"Magnetic field and tissue dependencies of human brain longitudinal1H2O relaxation in vivo","volume":"57","author":"Rooney","year":"2007","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2013.05.011","article-title":"Systemic iron chelation results in limited functional and histological recovery after traumatic spinal cord injury in rats","volume":"248","author":"Sauerbeck","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20202","article-title":"Magnetization transfer ratio and myelin in postmortem multiple sclerosis brain","volume":"56","author":"Schmierer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.02.026","article-title":"Myelin and iron concentration in the human brain: a quantitative study of MRI contrast","volume":"93","author":"St\u00fcber","year":"2014","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3253","article-title":"In vivo quantitative magnetization transfer imaging correlates with histology during de- and remyelination in cuprizone-treated mice","author":"Turati","year":"2015","journal-title":"NMR Biomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2015.00254","article-title":"Relationship between structural brainstem and brain plasticity and lower-limb training in spinal cord injury: a longitudinal pilot study","volume":"9","author":"Villiger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2007.11.019","article-title":"Fate of rubrospinal neurons after unilateral section of the cervical spinal cord in adult macaque monkeys: effects of an antibody treatment neutralizing Nogo-A","volume":"1217","author":"Wannier-Morino","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.10.023","article-title":"Unified segmentation based correction of R1 brain maps for RF transmit field inhomogeneities (UNICORT)","volume":"54","author":"Weiskopf","year":"2011","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000222","article-title":"Advances in MRI-based computational neuroanatomy: from morphometry to in-vivo histology","volume":"28","author":"Weiskopf","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhn072","article-title":"Anatomical changes in human motor cortex and motor pathways following complete thoracic spinal cord injury","volume":"19","author":"Wrigley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws115","article-title":"Changes in descending motor pathway connectivity after corticospinal tract lesion in macaque monkey","volume":"135","author":"Zaaimi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu078","article-title":"Chasing central nervous system plasticity: the brainstem's contribution to locomotor recovery in rats with spinal cord injury","volume":"137","author":"Z\u00f6rner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain"}],"container-title":["NeuroImage: Clinical"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213158217301316?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213158217301316?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T04:12:41Z","timestamp":1761970361000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2213158217301316"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["S2213158217301316"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026","relation":{},"ISSN":["2213-1582"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2213-1582","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Relationship between brainstem neurodegeneration and clinical impairment in traumatic spinal cord injury","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"NeuroImage: Clinical","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.026","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}