{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T17:50:17Z","timestamp":1762624217633,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]],"date-time":"2019-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":199,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NeuroImage: Clinical"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,22]],"date-time":"2019-07-22T11:29:00Z","timestamp":1563794940000},"page":"101949","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Neuronal injury biomarkers for assessment of the individual cognitive reserve in clinically suspected Alzheimer's disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Leonie","family":"Beyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Schnabel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Kazmierczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5231-1714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Ewers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sonja","family":"Sch\u00f6necker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catharina","family":"Prix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Meyer-Wilmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Unterrainer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cihan","family":"Catak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Pogarell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1981-7435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Perneczky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathalie L.","family":"Albert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Bartenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Danek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Buerger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Rominger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9247-2843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Brendel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.03.006","article-title":"Limited agreement between biomarkers of neuronal injury at different stages of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"10","author":"Alexopoulos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617706060206","article-title":"The effect of education and occupational complexity on rate of cognitive decline in Alzheimer\u2019s patients","volume":"12","author":"Andel","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2017.02.010","article-title":"Difference in imaging biomarkers of neurodegeneration between early and late-onset amnestic Alzheimer's disease","volume":"54","author":"Aziz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.2217\/bmm.12.49","article-title":"Determining cut-points for Alzheimer's disease biomarkers: statistical issues, methods and challenges","volume":"6","author":"Bartlett","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomark. Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1202753","article-title":"Clinical and biomarker changes in dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease","volume":"367","author":"Bateman","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00308809","article-title":"Neuropathological stageing of Alzheimer-related changes","volume":"82","author":"Braak","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000167607.63000.38","article-title":"A total score for the CERAD neuropsychological battery","volume":"65","author":"Chandler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1159\/000441776","article-title":"Comparison between early-onset and late-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients with amnestic presentation: CSF and (18)F-FDG PET study","volume":"6","author":"Chiaravalloti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Dis. Extra"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2016.10.005","article-title":"Evaluation of early-phase [(18)F]-florbetaben PET acquisition in clinical routine cases","volume":"14","author":"Daerr","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-122095","article-title":"Impact of white matter lesions and cognitive deficits on conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"34","author":"Defrancesco","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70090-0","article-title":"Advancing research diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: the IWG-2 criteria","volume":"13","author":"Dubois","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv407","article-title":"Can physical exercise in old age improve memory and hippocampal function?","volume":"139","author":"Duzel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31828970c2","article-title":"Cognitive reserve associated with FDG-PET in preclinical Alzheimer disease","volume":"80","author":"Ewers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.149.2.351","article-title":"MR signal abnormalities at 1.5 T in Alzheimer\u2019s dementia and normal aging","volume":"149","author":"Fazekas","year":"1987","journal-title":"AJR Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","article-title":"\u201cMini-mental state\u201d. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician","volume":"12","author":"Folstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2009.09.012","article-title":"FDG-PET mapping the brain substrates of visuo-constructive processing in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"44","author":"Forster","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy008","article-title":"Left frontal hub connectivity delays cognitive impairment in autosomal-dominant and sporadic Alzheimer's disease","volume":"141","author":"Franzmeier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.10123","article-title":"Three-dimensional maximum probability atlas of the human brain, with particular reference to the temporal lobe","volume":"19","author":"Hammers","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1208","article-title":"Discrimination between Alzheimer dementia and controls by automated analysis of multicenter FDG PET","volume":"17","author":"Herholz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70291-0","article-title":"Tracking pathophysiological processes in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: an updated hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers","volume":"12","author":"Jack","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002923","article-title":"A\/T\/N: an unbiased descriptive classification scheme for Alzheimer disease biomarkers","volume":"87","author":"Jack","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.02.018","article-title":"NIA-AA research framework: toward a biological definition of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"Jack","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70299-6","article-title":"Hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers of the Alzheimer\u2019s pathological cascade","volume":"9","author":"Jack","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.03.024","article-title":"Classification of white matter lesions on magnetic resonance imaging in elderly persons","volume":"64","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181e8e8b8","article-title":"Comparing predictors of conversion and decline in mild cognitive impairment","volume":"75","author":"Landau","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"10113","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2673","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31363-6","article-title":"Dementia prevention, intervention, and care","volume":"390","author":"Livingston","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.005","article-title":"The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer\u2019s disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer\u2019s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"McKhann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076523","article-title":"Characterization of novel CSF Tau and ptau biomarkers for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"8","author":"Meredith","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0145","first-page":"1238","article-title":"A diagnostic approach in Alzheimer\u2019s disease using three-dimensional stereotactic surface projections of fluorine-18-FDG PET","volume":"36","author":"Minoshima","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.39.9.1159","article-title":"The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease (CERAD). Part I. Clinical and neuropsychological assessment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"39","author":"Morris","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.107.045385","article-title":"Multicenter standardized 18F-FDG PET diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer\u2019s disease, and other dementias","volume":"49","author":"Mosconi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2017.01.013","article-title":"Association between CSF biomarkers, hippocampal volume and cognitive function in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI)","volume":"53","author":"Nathan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nrl.2016.02.016","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of Alzheimer's disease in Europe: a meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Niu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurologia"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000964","article-title":"Physical activity attenuates age-related biomarker alterations in preclinical AD","volume":"83","author":"Okonkwo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181e7ca97","article-title":"Head circumference, atrophy, and cognition: implications for brain reserve in Alzheimer disease","volume":"75","author":"Perneczky","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000295506.58497.7e","article-title":"Associations of job demands and intelligence with cognitive performance among men in late life","volume":"70","author":"Potter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"Pt 8","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2196","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq154","article-title":"Measuring cognitive reserve based on the decomposition of episodic memory variance","volume":"133","author":"Reed","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003165","article-title":"Aphasic variant of Alzheimer disease: clinical, anatomic, and genetic features","volume":"87","author":"Rogalski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.55.10.967","article-title":"Atrophy of medial temporal lobes on MRI in \u201cprobable\u201d Alzheimer\u2019s disease and normal ageing: diagnostic value and neuropsychological correlates","volume":"55","author":"Scheltens","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2009.03.004","article-title":"Cognitive reserve","volume":"47","author":"Stern","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70191-6","article-title":"Cognitive reserve in ageing and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"11","author":"Stern","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.01.008","article-title":"Leisure-time physical activity from mid- to late life, body mass index, and risk of dementia","volume":"11","author":"Tolppanen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acn.2004.11.004","article-title":"Test-retest reliable coefficients and 5-year change scores for the MMSE and 3MS","volume":"20","author":"Tombaugh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol."},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2508","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa022252","article-title":"Leisure activities and the risk of dementia in the elderly","volume":"348","author":"Verghese","year":"2003","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.6.742","article-title":"Participation in cognitively stimulating activities and risk of incident Alzheimer disease","volume":"287","author":"Wilson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Jama"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-150462","article-title":"Predictive factors for disease progression in patients with early-onset Alzheimer's disease","volume":"49","author":"Yoon","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1357","article-title":"Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron-emission tomography, single-photon emission tomography, and structural MR imaging for prediction of rapid conversion to Alzheimer disease in patients with mild cognitive impairment: a meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Yuan","year":"2009","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2008.05.2479","article-title":"Worldwide variation in the doubling time of Alzheimer\u2019s disease incidence rates","volume":"4","author":"Ziegler-Graham","year":"2008","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."}],"container-title":["NeuroImage: Clinical"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213158219302992?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2213158219302992?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T04:26:27Z","timestamp":1761971187000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2213158219302992"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S2213158219302992"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949","relation":{},"ISSN":["2213-1582"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2213-1582"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Neuronal injury biomarkers for assessment of the individual cognitive reserve in clinically suspected Alzheimer's disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"NeuroImage: Clinical","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101949","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101949"}}