{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T19:30:31Z","timestamp":1786995031804,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DFG MU3535\/2-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFG MU3535\/2-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurobiology of Learning and Memory"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,5]],"date-time":"2018-06-05T18:08:30Z","timestamp":1528222110000},"page":"7-20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Fearfulness, neuroticism\/anxiety, and COMT Val158Met in long-term fear conditioning and extinction"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"155","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Panitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias F.J.","family":"Sperl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juergen","family":"Hennig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5011-0780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim","family":"Klucken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiane","family":"Hermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik M.","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2013.11.007","article-title":"Dopamine and extinction: A convergence of theory with fear and reward circuitry","volume":"108","author":"Abraham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Learning and Memory"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691614544528","article-title":"The origins of neuroticism","volume":"9","author":"Barlow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Perspectives on Psychological Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000088","article-title":"Lower baseline performance but greater plasticity of working memory for carriers of the val allele of the COMT Val158Met polymorphism","volume":"29","author":"Bellander","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300542","article-title":"The catechol-O-methyltransferase polymorphism: Relations to the tonic-phasic dopamine hypothesis and neuropsychiatric phenotypes","volume":"29","author":"Bilder","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(01)00056-2","article-title":"Human defensive behaviors to threat scenarios show parallels to fear- and anxiety-related defense patterns of non-human mammals","volume":"25","author":"Blanchard","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0956-7976.2005.01558.x","article-title":"When good things go bad: The reflex physiology of defense","volume":"16","author":"Bradley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.11.022","article-title":"Dopamine in motivational control: Rewarding, aversive, and alerting","volume":"68","author":"Bromberg-Martin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.67.2.319","article-title":"Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and responses to impending reward and punishment: The BIS\/BAS scales","volume":"67","author":"Carver","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.103.1.103","article-title":"Temperament, personality, and the mood and anxiety disorders","volume":"103","author":"Clark","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0050","series-title":"The NEO-PI\/NEO-FFI Manual Supplement","author":"Costa","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X99002046","article-title":"Neurobiology of the structure of personality: Dopamine, facilitation of incentive motivation, and extraversion","volume":"22","author":"Depue","year":"1999","journal-title":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0060","series-title":"Theories of Personality Disorders","article-title":"A neurobehavioral dimensional model of personality disturbance","author":"Depue","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22353","article-title":"Updated meta-analysis of classical fear conditioning in the anxiety disorders","volume":"32","author":"Duits","year":"2015","journal-title":"Depression and Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.05.015","article-title":"The dual-state theory of prefrontal cortex dopamine function with relevance to catechol-O-methyltransferase genotypes and schizophrenia","volume":"64","author":"Durstewitz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0075","series-title":"The Biological Basis of Personality","author":"Eysenck","year":"1970"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.12.023","article-title":"COMT Val158Met genotype determines the direction of cognitive effects produced by catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibition","volume":"71","author":"Farrell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146","article-title":"G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences","volume":"39","author":"Faul","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.20","article-title":"Genetically determined dopamine availability predicts disposition for depression","volume":"1","author":"Felten","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain and Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-8869(92)90134-B","article-title":"Personality dimensions and classical conditioning of autonomic nervous system reactions","volume":"13","author":"Fredrikson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702614535914","article-title":"Personality predicts individual variation in fear learning","volume":"3","author":"Gazendam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clinical Psychological Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2012.11.006","article-title":"Deficient safety learning characterizes high trait anxious individuals","volume":"92","author":"Gazendam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3058","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2008.82","article-title":"Improvement of prepulse inhibition and executive function by the COMT inhibitor tolcapone depends on COMT Val158Met polymorphism","volume":"33","author":"Giakoumaki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-005-0124-2","article-title":"Cortisol and DHEA-S are associated with startle potentiation during aversive conditioning in humans","volume":"186","author":"Grillon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.11.003","article-title":"The role of the COMT val158met polymorphism in mediating aversive learning in visual cortex","volume":"125","author":"Gruss","year":"2016","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02244184","article-title":"Characterization of a psychophysiological model of classical fear conditioning in healthy volunteers: Influence of gender, instruction, personality and placebo","volume":"104","author":"Guimar\u00e3es","year":"1991","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0130","first-page":"E2428","article-title":"Single dose of L-dopa makes extinction memories context-independent and prevents the return of fear","volume":"110","author":"Haaker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.07.016","article-title":"Effects of post-extinction L-DOPA administration on the spontaneous recovery and reinstatement of fear in a human fMRI study","volume":"25","author":"Haaker","year":"2015","journal-title":"European Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2004.03.013","article-title":"Reinstatement of fear responses in human aversive conditioning","volume":"43","author":"Hermans","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2008.03.003","article-title":"Microinfusion of the D1 receptor antagonist, SCH23390 into the IL but not the BLA impairs consolidation of extinction of auditory fear conditioning","volume":"90","author":"Hikind","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Learning and Memory"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20448","article-title":"Time course of extracellular catecholamine and glutamate levels in the rat medial prefrontal cortex during and after extinction of conditioned fear","volume":"61","author":"Hugues","year":"2007","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1006\/nlme.1997.3799","article-title":"Memory formation: The sequence of biochemical events in the hippocampus and its connection to activity in other brain structures","volume":"68","author":"Izquierdo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurobiology of Learning and Memory"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1177\/0145445512446477","article-title":"Worry as a predictor of fear acquisition in a nonclinical sample","volume":"36","author":"Joos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behavior Modification"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300910","article-title":"Anxiety and hippocampus volume in the rat","volume":"31","author":"Kalisch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-017-0779-5","article-title":"Anxiety disorders and temperament\u2014an update review","volume":"19","author":"Kampman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Current Psychiatry Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-8986.3950641","article-title":"Large-scale neural correlates of affective picture processing","volume":"39","author":"Keil","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2016.03.015","article-title":"No evidence for blocking the return of fear by disrupting reconsolidation prior to extinction learning","volume":"79","author":"Klucken","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1097\/00008571-199606000-00007","article-title":"Human catechol-O-methyltransferase pharmacogenetics: Description of a functional polymorphism and its potential application to neuropsychiatric disorders","volume":"6","author":"Lachman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pharmacogenetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.93205","article-title":"Modulation of memory consolidation by the basolateral amygdala or nucleus accumbens shell requires concurrent dopamine receptor activation in both brain regions","volume":"12","author":"LaLumiere","year":"2005","journal-title":"Learning & Memory"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2009.10.007","article-title":"Emotion and the motivational brain","volume":"84","author":"Lang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(00)00343-8","article-title":"Fear and anxiety: Animal models and human cognitive psychophysiology","volume":"61","author":"Lang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-5380-2-7","article-title":"Sex differences in the neurobiology of fear conditioning and extinction: A preliminary fMRI study of shared sex differences with stress-arousal circuitry","volume":"2","author":"Lebron-Milad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biology of Mood & Anxiety Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.23.1.155","article-title":"Emotion circuits in the brain","volume":"23","author":"LeDoux","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annual Review of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1162\/089976699300016719","article-title":"Independent component analysis using an extended infomax algorithm for mixed subgaussian and supergaussian sources","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neural Computation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2004.10.007","article-title":"Classical fear conditioning in the anxiety disorders: A meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Lissek","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2010.08.012","article-title":"Neuroticism and avoidance of ambiguous stimuli: Better safe than sorry?","volume":"49","author":"Lommen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e41","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2011.36","article-title":"A review on experimental and clinical genetic associations studies on fear conditioning, extinction and cognitive-behavioral treatment","volume":"1","author":"Lonsdorf","year":"2011","journal-title":"Translational Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.02.026","article-title":"Don\u2019t fear \u201cfear conditioning\u201d: Methodological considerations for the design and analysis of studies on human fear acquisition, extinction, and return of fear","volume":"77","author":"Lonsdorf","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.07.007","article-title":"More than just noise: Inter-individual differences in fear acquisition, extinction and return of fear in humans \u2013 Biological, experiential, temperamental factors, and methodological pitfalls","author":"Lonsdorf","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-10-99","article-title":"The COMTval158met polymorphism is associated with symptom relief during exposure-based cognitive-behavioral treatment in panic disorder","volume":"10","author":"Lonsdorf","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2009.02280.x","article-title":"Genetic gating of human fear learning and extinction: Possible implications for gene-environment interaction in anxiety disorder","volume":"20","author":"Lonsdorf","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2008.02170.x","article-title":"Both predator and prey: Emotional arousal in threat and reward","volume":"19","author":"L\u00f6w","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797615597332","article-title":"When threat is near, get out of here: Dynamics of defensive behavior during freezing and active avoidance","volume":"26","author":"L\u00f6w","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lundqvist, D., Flykt, A., & \u00d6hman, A. (1998). The Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces \u2013 KDEF. CD ROM from the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychology Section, Karolinska Institutet, ISBN 91-630-7164-9.","DOI":"10.1037\/t27732-000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1971.tb00501.x","article-title":"Direct measurement of skin conductance: A proposal for standardization","volume":"8","author":"Lykken","year":"1971","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(99)00188-6","article-title":"The hippocampus and contextual memory retrieval in Pavlovian conditioning","volume":"110","author":"Maren","year":"2000","journal-title":"Behavioural Brain Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-5380-2-16","article-title":"Correlations between psychological tests and physiological responses during fear conditioning and renewal","volume":"2","author":"Mart\u00ednez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biology of Mood & Anxiety Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.3922\/j.psns.2011.2.002","article-title":"Fear, anxiety and their disorders: Past, present and future neural theories","volume":"4","author":"McNaughton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychology and Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2004.03.005","article-title":"A two-dimensional neuropsychology of defense: Fear\/anxiety and defensive distance","volume":"28","author":"McNaughton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsr063","article-title":"Neuronal correlates of extinction learning are modulated by sex hormones","volume":"7","author":"Merz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1993","article-title":"Intermediate phenotypes and genetic mechanisms of psychiatric disorders","volume":"7","author":"Meyer-Lindenberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.121208.131631","article-title":"Fear extinction as a model for translational neuroscience: Ten years of progress","volume":"63","author":"Milad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.49.1.377","article-title":"Comorbidity of anxiety and unipolar mood disorders","volume":"49","author":"Mineka","year":"1998","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.2174\/187152712800672382","article-title":"The role of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene in personality and related psychopathological disorders","volume":"11","author":"Montag","year":"2012","journal-title":"CNS & Neurological Disorders \u2013 Drug Targets"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1515\/revneuro-2012-0085","article-title":"Imaging the structure of the human anxious brain: A review of findings from neuroscientific personality psychology","volume":"24","author":"Montag","year":"2013","journal-title":"Reviews in the Neurosciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.08.014","article-title":"Infralimbic D2 receptors are necessary for fear extinction and extinction-related tone responses","volume":"68","author":"Mueller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12226","article-title":"The COMT Val158Met polymorphism regulates the effect of a dopamine antagonist on the feedback-related negativity","volume":"51","author":"Mueller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415-013-0228-9","article-title":"Dopamine modulates frontomedial failure processing of agentic introverts versus extraverts in incentive contexts","volume":"14","author":"Mueller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15818","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2103-11.2011","article-title":"Dopamine effects on human error processing depend on catechol-O-methyltransferase VAL158MET genotype","volume":"31","author":"Mueller","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7059","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3427-13.2014","article-title":"Prefrontal oscillations during recall of conditioned and extinguished fear in humans","volume":"34","author":"Mueller","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001939","article-title":"Mechanisms of fear extinction","volume":"12","author":"Myers","year":"2007","journal-title":"Molecular Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2014.09.010","article-title":"An event-related potential investigation of fear generalization and intolerance of uncertainty","volume":"46","author":"Nelson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2013.00030","article-title":"Differential genetic and epigenetic regulation of catechol-O-methyltransferase is associated with impaired fear inhibition in posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"7","author":"Norrholm","year":"2013","journal-title":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1126\/science.115.2978.77","article-title":"Partial reinforcement and conditioned heart rate response in human subjects","volume":"115","author":"Notterman","year":"1952","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1177\/0145445506295054","article-title":"Prediction of \u201cFear\u201d acquisition in healthy control participants in a de novo fear-conditioning paradigm","volume":"31","author":"Otto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behavior Modification"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12498","article-title":"Conditioned and extinguished fear modulate functional corticocardiac coupling in humans","volume":"52","author":"Panitz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2005.11.027","article-title":"Reactions to threat and personality: Psychometric differentiation of intensity and direction dimensions of human defensive behaviour","volume":"169","author":"Perkins","year":"2006","journal-title":"Behavioural Brain Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.7.2.252","article-title":"Fear and anxiety as separable emotions: An investigation of the revised reinforcement sensitivity theory of personality","volume":"7","author":"Perkins","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wnr.0000220142.29413.6f","article-title":"Prefrontal dopamine D4 receptors are involved in encoding fear extinction","volume":"17","author":"Pfeiffer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2008.09.003","article-title":"Personality and fear responses during conditioning: Beyond extraversion","volume":"46","author":"Pineles","year":"2009","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.95.3.208","article-title":"Test of the conditioning model of neurosis: differential aversive conditioning of angry and neutral facial expressions in anxiety disorder patients","volume":"95","author":"Pitman","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.96605","article-title":"Systemic blockade of D2-like dopamine receptors facilitates extinction of conditioned fear in mice","volume":"12","author":"Ponnusamy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Learning & Memory"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301555","article-title":"Neural mechanisms of extinction learning and retrieval","volume":"33","author":"Quirk","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2011.10","article-title":"Empirical support for an involvement of the mesostriatal dopamine system in human fear extinction","volume":"1","author":"Raczka","year":"2011","journal-title":"Translational Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wnr.0000186599.66243.50","article-title":"Orbitofrontal thickness, retention of fear extinction, and extraversion","volume":"16","author":"Rauch","year":"2005","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200507130-00020","article-title":"Association of the functional catechol- O - methyltransferase VAL158MET polymorphism with the personality trait of extraversion","volume":"16","author":"Reuter","year":"2005","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2014.29","article-title":"Generation and characterization of humanized mice carrying COMT158 Met\/Val alleles","volume":"39","author":"Risbrough","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.10.021","article-title":"The mysterious motivational functions of mesolimbic dopamine","volume":"76","author":"Salamone","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1037\/a0026517","article-title":"Human anterior and posterior hippocampus respond distinctly to state and trait anxiety","volume":"12","author":"Satpute","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291710001248","article-title":"Neural correlates of trait anxiety in fear extinction","volume":"41","author":"Sehlmeyer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12677","article-title":"A pragmatic comparison of noise burst and electric shock unconditioned stimuli for fear conditioning research with many trials","volume":"53","author":"Sperl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0455","series-title":"Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory","author":"Spielberger","year":"1970"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2016.1265485","article-title":"Discrimination between safe and unsafe stimuli mediates the relationship between trait anxiety and return of fear between trait anxiety and return of fear","volume":"32","author":"Staples-Bradley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cognition and Emotion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2010.08.004","article-title":"Differences between trait fear and trait anxiety: implications for psychopathology","volume":"31","author":"Sylvers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tellegen, A., & Waller, N. G. (2008). Exploring personality through test construction: Development of the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire. In G. J. Boyle, G. Matthews, & D. H. Saklofske (Eds.), Handbook of Personality Theory and Testing: Vol. II. Personality Measurement and Assessment (pp. 261\u2013292). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.","DOI":"10.4135\/9781849200479.n13"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185542","article-title":"Fear extinction and relapse: State of the art","volume":"9","author":"Vervliet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2007.07.004","article-title":"Cardiac defense: From attention to action","volume":"66","author":"Vila","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.91.1.171","article-title":"Investigating the dopaminergic basis of extraversion in humans: A multilevel approach","volume":"91","author":"Wacker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1037\/a0026544","article-title":"How to consistently link extraversion and intelligence to the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene: On defining and measuring psychological phenotypes in neurogenetic research","volume":"102","author":"Wacker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-002-1213-0","article-title":"Quantifying fear potentiated startle using absolute versus proportional increase scoring methods: Implications for the neurocircuitry of fear and anxiety","volume":"164","author":"Walker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(03)01282-2","article-title":"Role of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis versus the amygdala in fear, stress, and anxiety","volume":"463","author":"Walker","year":"2003","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.39.1.19","article-title":"Methylation pharmacogenetics: catechol O-methyltransferase, thiopurine methyltransferase, and histamine n-methyltransferase","volume":"39","author":"Weinshilboum","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.115.1.68","article-title":"Neuroticism as a common feature of the depressive and anxiety disorders: A test of the revised integrative hierarchical model in a national sample","volume":"115","author":"Weinstock","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.77.4.863","article-title":"Differential association of traits of fear and anxiety with norepinephrine- and dark-induced pupil reactivity","volume":"77","author":"White","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsw128","article-title":"Social Pavlovian conditioning: Short- and long-term effects and the role of anxiety and depressive symptoms","volume":"12","author":"Wiggert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Winkler, I., Debener, S., M\u00fcller, K. -R., & Tangermann, M. (2015). On the influence of high-pass filtering on ICA-based artifact reduction in EEG-ERP. In Conference Proceedings of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (pp. 4101\u20134105). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/EMBC.2015.7319296.","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2015.7319296"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10196","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0665-07.2007","article-title":"Site-specific role of catechol-O-methyltransferase in dopamine overflow within prefrontal cortex and dorsal striatum","volume":"27","author":"Yavich","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.57.2.301","article-title":"Personality and conditioning: A test of four models","volume":"57","author":"Zinbarg","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001_b0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.65.4.757","article-title":"A comparison of three structural models for personality: The big three, the big five, and the alternative five","volume":"65","author":"Zuckerman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"}],"container-title":["Neurobiology of Learning and Memory"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1074742718301382?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1074742718301382?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T07:30:36Z","timestamp":1761031836000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1074742718301382"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"references-count":108,"alternative-id":["S1074742718301382"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1074-7427"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1074-7427","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Fearfulness, neuroticism\/anxiety, and COMT Val158Met in long-term fear conditioning and extinction","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neurobiology of Learning and Memory","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nlm.2018.06.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}