{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T14:31:39Z","timestamp":1790519499924,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001773","name":"University of New South Wales","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001773","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuropeptides"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,9]],"date-time":"2021-09-09T00:07:48Z","timestamp":1631146068000},"page":"102198","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The distribution of Neuropeptide FF and Neuropeptide VF in central and peripheral tissues and their role in energy homeostasis control"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Julia","family":"Koller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herbert","family":"Herzog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"30","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2006.11.063","article-title":"Alternative splicing of human and mouse NPFF2 receptor genes: implications to receptor expression","volume":"580","author":"Anko","year":"2006","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.137.5.8612481","article-title":"Centrally administered neuropeptide FF inhibits arginine vasopressin release in conscious rats","volume":"137","author":"Arima","year":"1996","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)66834-4","article-title":"Stage specific identification of the expression of GnRH mRNA and localization of the GnRH receptor in mature rat and adult human testis","volume":"154","author":"Bahk","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"issue":"50","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39324","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M004385200","article-title":"Identification and characterization of two G protein-coupled receptors for neuropeptide FF","volume":"275","author":"Bonini","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-9781(01)00425-9","article-title":"Identification of neuropeptide FF-related peptides in rodent spinal cord","volume":"22","author":"Bonnard","year":"2001","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1159\/000332822","article-title":"Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone is a hypothalamic peptide that provides a molecular switch between reproduction and feeding","volume":"95","author":"Clarke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2007.08.016","article-title":"Anorexigenic effects of central neuropeptide S involve the hypothalamus in chicks (Gallus gallus)","volume":"148","author":"Cline","year":"2007","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A Mol. Integr. Physiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npep.2007.08.003","article-title":"Central neuropeptide FF reduces feed consumption and affects hypothalamic chemistry in chicks","volume":"41","author":"Cline","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropeptides"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2008.01749.x","article-title":"Short-term anorexigenic effects of central neuropeptide VF are associated with hypothalamic changes in chicks","volume":"20","author":"Cline","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqab030","article-title":"An inhibitory circuit from brainstem to GnRH neurons in male mice: a new role for the RFRP receptor","volume":"162","author":"Constantin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1086\/518445","article-title":"A common haplotype in the G-protein-coupled receptor gene GPR74 is associated with leanness and increased lipolysis","volume":"80","author":"Dahlman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0143-4179(97)90010-X","article-title":"Differential modulation of mu- and delta-opioid antinociception by neuropeptide FF receptors in young mice","volume":"31","author":"Desprat","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuropeptides"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2799","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-1623","article-title":"RFamide-related peptide-3, a mammalian gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone ortholog, regulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron firing in the mouse","volume":"150","author":"Ducret","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25965","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M004515200","article-title":"Receptor for the pain modulatory neuropeptides FF and AF is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor","volume":"275","author":"Elshourbagy","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2006.04.002","article-title":"In vivo inhibition of neuropeptide FF agonism by BIBP3226, an NPY Y1 receptor antagonist","volume":"27","author":"Fang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npep.2007.04.001","article-title":"Pharmacological effects of the dansylated neuropeptide FF analogues on body temperature and morphine analgesia","volume":"41","author":"Fang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropeptides"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2007.12.007","article-title":"Inhibition of neuropeptide FF (NPFF)-induced hypothermia and anti-morphine analgesia by RF9, a new selective NPFF receptors antagonist","volume":"147","author":"Fang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Regul. Pept."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.3390\/ph4091248","article-title":"RFamide peptides: structure, function, mechanisms and pharmaceutical potential","volume":"4","author":"Findeisen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-0115(00)00188-9","article-title":"Cholera and pertussis toxins inhibit differently hypothermic and anti-opioid effects of neuropeptide FF","volume":"98","author":"Frances","year":"2001","journal-title":"Regul. Pept."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20927","article-title":"Neuropeptide FF distribution in the human and rat forebrain: a comparative immunohistochemical study","volume":"496","author":"Goncharuk","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12668","article-title":"Isolation and identification of endogenous RFamide-related peptides 1 and 3 in the mouse hypothalamus","volume":"31","author":"Gospodarska","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.10305","article-title":"Detailed distribution of neuropeptide FF receptors (NPFF1 and NPFF2) in the rat, mouse, octodon, rabbit, guinea pig, and marmoset monkey brains: a comparative autoradiographic study","volume":"51","author":"Gouarderes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.06.015","article-title":"Hindbrain neurons as an essential hub in the neuroanatomically distributed control of energy balance","volume":"16","author":"Grill","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2008.09.071","article-title":"RFamide neuropeptides inhibit murine and human adipose differentiation","volume":"377","author":"Herrera-Herrera","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-020-01956-9","article-title":"Expression analysis of neuropeptide FF receptors on neuroendocrine-related neurons in the rat brain using highly sensitive in situ hybridization","volume":"155","author":"Higo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Histochem. Cell Biol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1038\/35036326","article-title":"New neuropeptides containing carboxy-terminal RFamide and their receptor in mammals","volume":"2","author":"Hinuma","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2011.239","article-title":"Polymorphisms in the NPY2R gene show significant associations with BMI that are additive to FTO, MC4R, and NPFFR2 gene effects","volume":"19","author":"Hunt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00194","article-title":"RFRP-3, the mammalian ortholog of GnIH, is a novel modulator involved in food intake and glucose homeostasis","volume":"11","author":"Huo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.04.001","article-title":"Amygdala NPY circuits promote the development of accelerated obesity under chronic stress conditions","volume":"30","author":"Ip","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12114","article-title":"Paradoxical effect of gonadotrophin-inhibiting hormone to negatively regulate neuropeptide Y neurones in mouse arcuate nucleus","volume":"25","author":"Jacobi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1005287","article-title":"Npvf: hypothalamic biomarker of ambient temperature independent of nutritional status","volume":"11","author":"Jaroslawska","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2009.02.006","article-title":"Endocrine, behavioral and autonomic effects of neuropeptide AF","volume":"56","author":"Jaszberenyi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2006.09.009","article-title":"Rat RFamide-related peptide-3 stimulates GH secretion, inhibits LH secretion, and has variable effects on sex behavior in the adult male rat","volume":"51","author":"Johnson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2003.10.026","article-title":"Neuropeptide FF, but not prolactin-releasing peptide, mRNA is differentially regulated in the hypothalamic and medullary neurons after salt loading","volume":"124","author":"Kalliomaki","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-0115(91)90180-O","article-title":"Ultrastructural localization of neuropeptide FF, a new neuropeptide in the brain and pituitary of rats","volume":"34","author":"Kivipelto","year":"1991","journal-title":"Regul. Pept."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902860211","article-title":"Immunohistochemical distribution and partial characterization of FLFQPQRFamidelike peptides in the central nervous system of rats","volume":"286","author":"Kivipelto","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(92)90263-7","article-title":"Neuropeptide FF is colocalized with catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes in neurons of the nucleus of the solitary tract","volume":"143","author":"Kivipelto","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0704038","article-title":"Functional characterization of a human receptor for neuropeptide FF and related peptides","volume":"133","author":"Kotani","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2012.06.001","article-title":"Microinjection of RFRP-1 in the central nucleus of amygdala decreases food intake in the rat","volume":"88","author":"Kovacs","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2014.07.002","article-title":"Intraamygdaloid microinjection of RFamide-related peptide-3 decreases food intake in rats","volume":"107","author":"Kovacs","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/0888-7543(95)80110-8","article-title":"Genetic mapping in human and mouse of the locus encoding TRBP, a protein that binds the TAR region of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1)","volume":"25","author":"Kozak","year":"1995","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2410","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0511003103","article-title":"Identification and characterization of a gonadotropin-inhibitory system in the brains of mammals","volume":"103","author":"Kriegsfeld","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1993.tb00920.x","article-title":"Distribution and characterization of neuropeptide FF-like immunoreactivity in the rat nervous system with a monoclonal antibody","volume":"5","author":"Lee","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"42","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0220","first-page":"39169","article-title":"Neuropeptide AF and FF modulation of adipocyte metabolism. Primary insights from functional genomics and effects on beta-adrenergic responsiveness","volume":"277","author":"Lefrere","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2018.07.003","article-title":"Sex-biased physiological roles of NPFF1R, the canonical receptor of RFRP-3, in food intake and metabolic homeostasis revealed by its congenital ablation in mice","volume":"87","author":"Leon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.4103\/CJP.CJP_23_19","article-title":"Neuropeptide FF modulates neuroendocrine and energy homeostasis through hypothalamic signaling","volume":"62","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chin. J. Phys."},{"issue":"40","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36961","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M105308200","article-title":"Identification and characterization of novel mammalian neuropeptide FF-like peptides that attenuate morphine-induced antinociception","volume":"276","author":"Liu","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2015.01.003","article-title":"Regulation of energy homeostasis by the NPY system","volume":"26","author":"Loh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2017.03.013","article-title":"Insulin controls food intake and energy balance via NPY neurons","volume":"6","author":"Loh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0082(87)90004-9","article-title":"The hypothalamus, intrinsic connections and outflow pathways to the endocrine system in relation to the control of feeding and metabolism","volume":"28","author":"Luiten","year":"1987","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npep.2014.09.001","article-title":"Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone-stimulation of food intake is mediated by hypothalamic effects in chicks","volume":"48","author":"McConn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropeptides"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(02)02224-0","article-title":"Pharmacological characterization of human NPFF(1) and NPFF(2) receptors expressed in CHO cells by using NPY Y(1) receptor antagonists","volume":"451","author":"Mollereau","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s10989-020-10081-z","article-title":"The effect of RFamide-related Peptide-3 (RFRP-3 or NPVF) on food intake in neonatal chickens: the role of MC3\/MC4 and CRF1\/CRF2 receptors","volume":"27","author":"Moosadoost","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Pept. Res. Ther."},{"issue":"7109","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05026","article-title":"Central nervous system control of food intake and body weight","volume":"443","author":"Morton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1677\/JOE-08-0197","article-title":"Hypophysiotropic role of RFamide-related peptide-3 in the inhibition of LH secretion in female rats","volume":"199","author":"Murakami","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-9781(95)02137-X","article-title":"Neuropeptide FF reduces food intake in rats","volume":"17","author":"Murase","year":"1996","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2010.12.001","article-title":"Neuropeptide AF is associated with short-term reduced food intake in rats","volume":"219","author":"Newmyer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0290","first-page":"R1046","article-title":"Neuropeptide FF exerts pro- and anti-opioid actions in the parabrachial nucleus to modulate food intake","volume":"285","author":"Nicklous","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Regul. Integr. Comp. Phys."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-9781(00)00319-3","article-title":"Expression of mammalian RF-amide peptides neuropeptide FF (NPFF), prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) and the PrRP receptor in the peripheral tissues of the rat","volume":"21","author":"Nieminen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.10261","article-title":"Expression of neuropeptide FF, prolactin-releasing peptide, and the receptor UHR1\/GPR10 genes during embryogenesis in the rat","volume":"226","author":"Nieminen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dev. Dyn."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2002.01035.x","article-title":"Analysis of human neuropeptide FF gene expression","volume":"82","author":"Nystedt","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2005.07.029","article-title":"Identification of transcriptional regulators of neuropeptide FF gene expression","volume":"27","author":"Nystedt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-328X(00)00052-8","article-title":"Molecular cloning and characterisation of GPR74 a novel G-protein coupled receptor closest related to the Y-receptor family","volume":"77","author":"Parker","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2013.00005","article-title":"Neuropeptide Y receptors: how to get subtype selectivity","volume":"4","author":"Pedragosa-Badia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2814","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.11-183632","article-title":"Ghrelin-induced adiposity is independent of orexigenic effects","volume":"25","author":"Perez-Tilve","year":"2011","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(97)00557-7","article-title":"A human gene encoding morphine modulating peptides related to NPFF and FMRFamide","volume":"409","author":"Perry","year":"1997","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2015.00150","article-title":"Regulation and function of RFRP-3 (GnIH) neurons during postnatal development","volume":"6","author":"Poling","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2011-2049","article-title":"Development, sex steroid regulation, and phenotypic characterization of RFamide-related peptide (Rfrp) gene expression and RFamide receptors in the mouse hypothalamus","volume":"153","author":"Poling","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1159\/000369276","article-title":"Examination of the influence of leptin and acute metabolic challenge on RFRP-3 neurons of mice in development and adulthood","volume":"100","author":"Poling","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"4304","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1126\/science.877582","article-title":"Structure of a molluscan cardioexcitatory neuropeptide","volume":"197","author":"Price","year":"1977","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2004.12.002","article-title":"Comparison of pharmacological activities of Neuropeptide FF1 and Neuropeptide FF2 receptor agonists","volume":"508","author":"Quelven","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12140","article-title":"Evidence that hypothalamic RFamide related peptide-3 neurones are not leptin-responsive in mice and rats","volume":"26","author":"Rizwan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3540379","article-title":"Characterization of a cDNA encoding a novel avian hypothalamic neuropeptide exerting an inhibitory effect on gonadotropin release","volume":"354","author":"Satake","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0370","first-page":"67","article-title":"Genomic structure and assessment of the retinally expressed RFamide-related peptide gene in dominant cystoid macular dystrophy","volume":"8","author":"Schulz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4236","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.142.10.8419","article-title":"PRL-releasing peptide inhibits food intake in male rats via the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus and not the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus","volume":"142","author":"Seal","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-9781(94)00163-4","article-title":"Neuropeptide FF-like immunoreactivity in human plasma","volume":"16","author":"Sundblom","year":"1995","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-9781(97)00040-5","article-title":"Neuropeptide FF-like immunoreactivity in human cerebrospinal fluid of chronic pain patients and healthy controls","volume":"18","author":"Sundblom","year":"1997","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(01)02267-4","article-title":"Intracerebroventricular injection of neuropeptide FF, an opioid modulating neuropeptide, acutely reduces food intake and stimulates water intake in the rat","volume":"313","author":"Sunter","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.05.035","article-title":"Gonadotropin-inhibiting hormone stimulates feeding behavior in chicks","volume":"1050","author":"Tachibana","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2008.02.018","article-title":"The orexigenic effect of GnIH is mediated by central opioid receptors in chicks","volume":"150","author":"Tachibana","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A Mol. Integr. Physiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2000.3350","article-title":"A novel avian hypothalamic peptide inhibiting gonadotropin release","volume":"275","author":"Tsutsui","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008400","article-title":"Identification of human GnIH homologs, RFRP-1 and RFRP-3, and the cognate receptor, GPR147 in the human hypothalamic pituitary axis","volume":"4","author":"Ubuka","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-895X(24)23176-X","article-title":"Gene for pain modulatory neuropeptide NPFF: induction in spinal cord by noxious stimuli","volume":"55","author":"Vilim","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2842","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI90152","article-title":"Neuropeptide FF increases M2 activation and self-renewal of adipose tissue macrophages","volume":"127","author":"Waqas","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7757","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.22.7757","article-title":"Isolation, sequencing, synthesis, and pharmacological characterization of two brain neuropeptides that modulate the action of morphine","volume":"82","author":"Yang","year":"1985","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-9781(97)00375-6","article-title":"Antiserum against neuropeptide FF augments vasopressin release in conscious rats","volume":"19","author":"Yokoi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-0618(03)00038-3","article-title":"Neuropeptide FF receptor 2 (NPFF2) is localized to pain-processing regions in the primate spinal cord and the lower level of the medulla oblongata","volume":"25","author":"Zeng","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Chem. Neuroanat."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1007\/s11515-011-0950-z","article-title":"Amygdala, an important regulator for food intake","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4722","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06462-0","article-title":"Diet-induced adaptive thermogenesis requires neuropeptide FF receptor-2 signalling","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2018.07.009","article-title":"RFamide-related peptide-3 promotes alpha TC1 clone 6 cell survival likely via GPR147","volume":"107","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198_bb0460","first-page":"1411","article-title":"Regulation of feeding-related behaviors by Arcuate Neuropeptide Y neurons","volume":"160","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrinology"}],"container-title":["Neuropeptides"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0143417921000846?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0143417921000846?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T20:39:01Z","timestamp":1758919141000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0143417921000846"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"references-count":91,"alternative-id":["S0143417921000846"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198","relation":{},"ISSN":["0143-4179"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0143-4179","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The distribution of Neuropeptide FF and Neuropeptide VF in central and peripheral tissues and their role in energy homeostasis control","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neuropeptides","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.npep.2021.102198","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102198"}}