{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T10:02:13Z","timestamp":1790157733348,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":146,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":57,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuroscience Applied"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T20:50:11Z","timestamp":1772484611000},"page":"106994","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The potential of neuromelanin-sensitive MRI in psychiatric disorders"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2190-3797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eline","family":"Neutelings","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elsmarieke","family":"van de Giessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lieuwe","family":"de Haan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marieke","family":"van der Pluijm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105690","article-title":"Neuromelanin levels in individuals with substance use disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"161","author":"Ahrens","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib2","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1159\/000106476","article-title":"A preliminary study of dopamine transporter binding in bipolar and unipolar depressed patients and healthy controls","volume":"55","author":"Amsterdam","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2011.00936.x","article-title":"Striatal dopamine transporter availability in unmedicated bipolar disorder","volume":"13","author":"Anand","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.0135","article-title":"Association of stimulant use with dopaminergic alterations in users of cocaine, amphetamine, or methamphetamine: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"74","author":"Ashok","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.16","article-title":"The dopamine hypothesis of bipolar affective disorder: the state of the art and implications for treatment","volume":"22","author":"Ashok","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852924000270","article-title":"Emotion regulation across psychiatric disorders","volume":"29","author":"Aslan","year":"2024","journal-title":"CNS Spectr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-015-9387-3","article-title":"Different neural modifications underpin PTSD after different traumatic events: an fMRI meta-analytic study","volume":"10","author":"Boccia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105307","article-title":"Stress to inflammation and anhedonia: mechanistic insights from preclinical and clinical models","volume":"152","author":"Boyle","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2022.103182","article-title":"Associations between locus coeruleus integrity and diagnosis, age, and cognitive performance in older adults with and without late-life depression: an exploratory study","volume":"36","author":"Calarco","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuroimage, Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5108","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1807983116","article-title":"Neuromelanin-sensitive MRI as a noninvasive proxy measure of dopamine function in the human brain","volume":"116","author":"Cassidy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2020.20010090","article-title":"Evidence for dopamine abnormalities in the Substantia Nigra in cocaine addiction revealed by neuromelanin-sensitive MRI","volume":"177","author":"Cassidy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.05.007","article-title":"The effect of polygenic risk scores for major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia on morphological brain measures: a systematic review of the evidence","volume":"310","author":"Cattarinussi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2009.00771.x","article-title":"Higher striatal dopamine transporters in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder: a SPECT study with [99mTc] TRODAT-1","volume":"12","author":"Chang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-002-1047-3","article-title":"Dopamine transporter density in the basal ganglia assessed with [123 I] IPT SPET in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"30","author":"Cheon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/s41537-023-00410-8","article-title":"Fronto-striato-thalamic circuit connectivity and neuromelanin in schizophrenia: an fMRI and neuromelanin-MRI study","volume":"9","author":"Choi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Schizophrenia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.09.019","article-title":"Neuromelanin marks the spot: identifying a locus coeruleus biomarker of cognitive reserve in healthy aging","volume":"37","author":"Clewett","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(17)30014-7","article-title":"Post-traumatic stress disorder and cancer","volume":"4","author":"Cordova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01738-y","article-title":"Major depressive disorder: hypothesis, mechanism, prevention and treatment","volume":"9","author":"Cui","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Targeted Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-019-0715-2","article-title":"Rostral locus coeruleus integrity is associated with better memory performance in older adults","volume":"3","author":"Dahl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.02.036","article-title":"The roles of dopamine and noradrenaline in the pathophysiology and treatment of attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity disorder","volume":"69","author":"del Campo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2013.05.012","article-title":"Dopaminergic activity in Tourette syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"23","author":"Denys","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20696","article-title":"PET imaging of the effects of age and cocaine on the norepinephrine transporter in the human brain using (S, S)\u2010[11C] O\u2010methylreboxetine and HRRT","volume":"64","author":"Ding","year":"2010","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.09.031","article-title":"Norepinephrine transporter gene variation modulates acute response to D-amphetamine","volume":"61","author":"Dlugos","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.05.003","article-title":"Increased dopamine D2\/D3 receptor binding after recovery from Anorexia Nervosa measured by positron emission Tomography and [11C]Raclopride","volume":"58","author":"Frank","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-014-0513-5","article-title":"Neuroimaging and biomarkers in addiction treatment","volume":"16","author":"Garrison","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatry Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20642","article-title":"Current perspectives of the roles of the central norepinephrine system in anxiety and depression","volume":"27","author":"Goddard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678465","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.678465","article-title":"The abnormal functional connectivity in the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system associated with anxiety symptom in chronic insomnia disorder","volume":"15","author":"Gong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2007.07.030","article-title":"Neurobiology of addiction: an integrative review","volume":"75","author":"Goodman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2016.57","article-title":"Dysregulation of the dopamine system in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and depression","volume":"17","author":"Grace","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3928\/00485713-20210914-01","article-title":"Psychopharmacology of pediatric Attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity disorder","volume":"51","author":"Greydanus","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Ann."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.10828","article-title":"Lower Locus Coeruleus MRI intensity in patients with late-life major depression","volume":"9","author":"Guinea-Izquierdo","year":"2021","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.10.008","article-title":"The place of dopamine in the cortico-basal ganglia circuit","volume":"282","author":"Haber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2228","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1712268115","article-title":"Locus coeruleus integrity in old age is selectively related to memories linked with salient negative events","volume":"115","author":"H\u00e4mmerer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2017.00220","article-title":"Trauma, psychosis and posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"8","author":"Hardy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-017-1688-9","article-title":"Neuromelanin MRI is useful for monitoring motor complications in Parkinson's and PARK2 disease","volume":"124","author":"Hatano","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2016.05.014","article-title":"Noradrenergic dysregulation in the pathophysiology of PTSD","volume":"284","author":"Hendrickson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2005.07.002","article-title":"Serotonin and dopamine transporter imaging in patients with obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder","volume":"140","author":"Hesse","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2007.08.003","article-title":"Monoamine transporters and psychostimulant addiction","volume":"75","author":"Howell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbp006","article-title":"The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia: version III\u2014The final common pathway","volume":"35","author":"Howes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.11010160","article-title":"Dopamine synthesis capacity before onset of psychosis: a prospective [18F]-DOPA PET imaging study","volume":"168","author":"Howes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3242","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt264","article-title":"Midbrain dopamine function in schizophrenia and depression: a post-mortem and positron emission tomographic imaging study","volume":"136","author":"Howes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.03.034","article-title":"Neuromelanin changes in first episode psychosis with substance abuse","volume":"220","author":"Jalles","year":"2020","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12030352","article-title":"Substance abuse in emerging adults: the role of neuromelanin and ventral striatal response to social and monetary rewards","volume":"12","author":"Jarcho","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.2943","article-title":"A Test of the transdiagnostic dopamine Hypothesis of psychosis using positron emission Tomographic imaging in bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia","volume":"74","author":"Jauhar","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15101203","article-title":"Monoamine neurotransmitters control basic emotions and affect major depressive disorders","volume":"15","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.06.014","article-title":"Psychosocial disability and work role function compared across the long-term course of bipolar I, bipolar II and unipolar major depressive disorders","volume":"108","author":"Judd","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.4.514","article-title":"Relationship between dopamine D2 occupancy, clinical response, and side effects: a double-blind PET study of first-episode schizophrenia","volume":"157","author":"Kapur","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716447","DOI":"10.3389\/fnint.2021.716447","article-title":"Attentional disengagement and the locus coeruleus\u2013norepinephrine system in children with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"15","author":"Keehn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Integr. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib50","first-page":"603631","article-title":"Dopamine agonists and pathologic behaviors","volume":"2012","author":"Kelley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.258","article-title":"Presynaptic dopamine capacity in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia taking clozapine: an [18F]DOPA PET study","volume":"42","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-018-0632-3","article-title":"Dopamine: functions, signaling, and association with neurological diseases","volume":"39","author":"Klein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1586\/ern.09.148","article-title":"Role of dopamine in the pathophysiology and treatment of obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder","volume":"10","author":"Koo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Neurother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)00104-8","article-title":"Neurobiology of addiction: a neurocircuitry analysis","volume":"3","author":"Koob","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(00)01040-5","article-title":"Increased striatal dopamine transporter in adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: effects of methylphenidate as measured by single photon emission computed tomography","volume":"285","author":"Krause","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bhad423","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhad423","article-title":"Neuromelanin-sensitive MRI of the substantia nigra distinguishes bipolar from unipolar depression","volume":"34","author":"Kuai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cerebr. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6458","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhaa211","article-title":"Binding of dopamine D1 receptor and noradrenaline transporter in individuals with autism spectrum disorder: a PET study","volume":"30","author":"Kubota","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cerebr. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858409338217","article-title":"PET studies of cerebral levodopa metabolism: a review of clinical findings and modeling approaches","volume":"15","author":"Kumakura","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13040674","article-title":"Combined in vivo microdialysis and PET studies to validate [11C] yohimbine binding as a marker of noradrenaline release","volume":"13","author":"Landau","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-022-00346-w","article-title":"Tobacco and nicotine use","volume":"8","author":"Le Foll","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.04.002","article-title":"Dopamine ups and downs in vulnerability to addictions: a neurodevelopmental model","volume":"35","author":"Leyton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.1.47","article-title":"Loss of striatal vesicular monoamine transporter protein (VMAT2) in human cocaine users","volume":"160","author":"Little","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15410-w","article-title":"Noradrenergic-dependent functions are associated with age-related locus coeruleus signal intensity differences","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2004.tb00469.x","article-title":"ADHD: increased dopamine receptor availability linked to attention deficit and low neonatal cerebral blood flow","volume":"46","author":"Lou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(86)90155-7","article-title":"Efferent projections of nucleus locus coeruleus: topographic organization of cells of origin demonstrated by three-dimensional reconstruction","volume":"18","author":"Loughlin","year":"1986","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2015.09.023","article-title":"Dopaminergic neurons and brain reward pathways: from neurogenesis to circuit assembly","volume":"186","author":"Luo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00035","article-title":"National prescription patterns of antidepressants in the treatment of adults with major depression in the US between 1996 and 2015: a population representative survey based analysis","volume":"11","author":"Luo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2024.111785","article-title":"Neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging in the study of mental disorder: a systematic review","volume":"339","author":"Lv","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2024.00011","article-title":"Wanting-liking dissociation and altered dopaminergic functioning: similarities between internet gaming disorder and tobacco use disorder","volume":"13","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Behav. Addict."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2016.05.021","article-title":"An integrative perspective on the role of dopamine in schizophrenia","volume":"81","author":"Maia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2022.07.014","article-title":"Role of the locus coeruleus and basal forebrain in arousal and attention","volume":"188","author":"Maness","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2010.10050748","article-title":"Imaging dopamine transmission in cocaine dependence: link between neurochemistry and response to treatment","volume":"168","author":"Martinez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2024.01.013","article-title":"Evidence for locus coeruleus\u2013norepinephrine system abnormality in military posttraumatic stress disorder revealed by neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"96","author":"McCall","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.3360","article-title":"Schizophrenia\u2014An overview","volume":"77","author":"McCutcheon","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.15101334","article-title":"Norepinephrine transporter in major depressive disorder: a PET study","volume":"174","author":"Moriguchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2398212820930321","article-title":"The role of the locus coeruleus in the generation of pathological anxiety","volume":"4","author":"Morris","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Neurosci. Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.102148","article-title":"Sub-millimeter variation in human locus coeruleus is associated with dimensional measures of psychopathology: an in vivo ultra-high field 7-Tesla MRI study","volume":"25","author":"Morris","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroimage, Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2022.119704","article-title":"Ventral tegmental area integrity measured with high-resolution 7-Tesla MRI relates to motivation across depression and anxiety diagnoses","volume":"264","author":"Morris","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.3573","article-title":"Assessing midbrain neuromelanin and its relationship to reward learning in anorexia nervosa: stage 1 of a registered report","volume":"14","author":"Murray","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-0621-y","article-title":"Single-nucleus transcriptomics of the prefrontal cortex in major depressive disorder implicates oligodendrocyte precursor cells and excitatory neurons","volume":"23","author":"Nagy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2023.01.010","article-title":"Baby brains at work: how task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging can illuminate the early emergence of psychiatric risk","volume":"93","author":"Nielsen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.07.005","article-title":"Functional neuroimaging in psychiatry and the case for failing better","volume":"110","author":"Nour","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2017.01.001","article-title":"Neuroendocrine and neuroimmune markers in PTSD: Pre-, peri-and post-trauma glucocorticoid and inflammatory dysregulation","volume":"14","author":"Olff","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.06.020","article-title":"Dopamine D1 receptor binding in the striatum of patients with obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder","volume":"114","author":"Olver","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2010.04.004","article-title":"Dopamine D1 receptor binding in the anterior cingulate cortex of patients with obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder","volume":"183","author":"Olver","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2020.04.027","article-title":"Cross-disorder analysis of brain structural abnormalities in six major psychiatric disorders: a secondary analysis of Mega- and meta-analytical findings from the ENIGMA consortium","volume":"88","author":"Opel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1932","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5231-11.2012","article-title":"Redundant catecholamine signaling consolidates fear memory via phospholipase C","volume":"32","author":"Ouyang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3075","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-02105-z","article-title":"Probing midbrain dopamine function in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder via neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"28","author":"Pagliaccio","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.04.233","article-title":"In vivo PET study of 5HT2A serotonin and D2 dopamine dysfunction in drug-naive obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"42","author":"Perani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.20220819","article-title":"Association of Neuromelanin-Sensitive MRI signal with lifetime substance use in young women","volume":"181","author":"Perlman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.13011","article-title":"Functional MRI in major depressive disorder: a review of findings, limitations, and future prospects","volume":"32","author":"Pilmeyer","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neuroimaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0203-4","article-title":"Mapping projections of molecularly defined dopamine neuron subtypes using intersectional genetic approaches","volume":"21","author":"Poulin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2019.00334","article-title":"Dopamine and noradrenaline in the brain; overlapping or dissociate functions?","volume":"12","author":"Ranjbar-Slamloo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2623","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.110","article-title":"Reward processing in unipolar and bipolar depression: a functional MRI study","volume":"40","author":"Redlich","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2021.109752","article-title":"Imaging of the dopamine system with focus on pharmacological MRI and neuromelanin imaging","volume":"140","author":"Reneman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.09.015","article-title":"Adolescent and adult differences in major depression symptom profiles","volume":"243","author":"Rice","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2025.03.005","article-title":"Age-related differences in locus coeruleus intensity across a demographically diverse sample","volume":"150","author":"Riley","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3458","article-title":"Developmental origins of central norepinephrine neuron diversity","volume":"16","author":"Robertson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac018","article-title":"Frontostriatothalamic effective connectivity and dopaminergic function in the psychosis continuum","volume":"146","author":"Sabaroedin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wnr.0000227984.84927.a7","article-title":"Neuromelanin magnetic resonance imaging of locus ceruleus and substantia nigra in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"17","author":"Sasaki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-009-0595-7","article-title":"Visual discrimination among patients with depression and schizophrenia and healthy individuals using semiquantitative color-coded fast spin-echo T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"52","author":"Sasaki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20268","article-title":"Striatal dopamine D2 receptor availability in OCD with and without comorbid social anxiety disorder: preliminary findings","volume":"25","author":"Schneier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.1572","article-title":"Age-dependent effects of methylphenidate on the human dopaminergic system in young vs adult patients with attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity disorder: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"73","author":"Schrantee","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib104","series-title":"Mental Disorders Around the World: Facts and Figures from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys","author":"Scott","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-023-01404-6","article-title":"Regional, circuit and network heterogeneity of brain abnormalities in psychiatric disorders","volume":"26","author":"Segal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0b013e328058674a","article-title":"Reduced signal of locus ceruleus in depression in quantitative neuromelanin magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"18","author":"Shibata","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.03.021","article-title":"Use of neuromelanin-sensitive MRI to distinguish schizophrenic and depressive patients and healthy individuals based on signal alterations in the substantia Nigra and Locus ceruleus","volume":"64","author":"Shibata","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2012.10.004","article-title":"Reward processing in adolescents with bipolar I disorder","volume":"52","author":"Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-024-01975-3","article-title":"Kappa opioid receptor availability predicts severity of anhedonia in schizophrenia","volume":"49","author":"Slifstein","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-018-1957-2","article-title":"Dopamine and addiction: what have we learned from 40 years of research","volume":"126","author":"Solinas","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852916000043","article-title":"Mechanism of action of cariprazine","volume":"21","author":"Stahl","year":"2016","journal-title":"CNS Spectr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2045125320905752","article-title":"Cariprazine as a treatment across the bipolar I spectrum from depression to mania: mechanism of action and review of clinical data","volume":"10","author":"Stahl","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21809","article-title":"Extrastriatal dopaminergic dysfunction in Tourette syndrome","volume":"67","author":"Steeves","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbn009","article-title":"Cortical dopamine D2\/D3 receptors are a common site of action for antipsychotic Drugs\u2014an original patient data meta-analysis of the SPECT and PET in vivo receptor imaging literature","volume":"35","author":"Stone","year":"2009","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20292","article-title":"Noradrenergic dysfunction and the psychopharmacology of posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"25","author":"Strawn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2021.11.023","article-title":"The role of the locus coeruleus in pain and associated stress-related disorders","volume":"91","author":"Su\u00e1rez-Pereira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11869","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.22.11869","article-title":"Neuromelanin biosynthesis is driven by excess cytosolic catecholamines not accumulated by synaptic vesicles","volume":"97","author":"Sulzer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2008.05385.x","article-title":"Neuronal pigmented autophagic vacuoles: lipofuscin, neuromelanin, and ceroid as macroautophagic responses during aging and disease","volume":"106","author":"Sulzer","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-018-0047-3","article-title":"Neuromelanin detection by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and its promise as a biomarker for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"4","author":"Sulzer","year":"2018","journal-title":"npj Parkinson\u2019s Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145713001521","article-title":"Norepinephrine transporter occupancy by nortriptyline in patients with depression: a positron emission tomography study with (S,S)-[18F]FMeNER-D2","volume":"17","author":"Takano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.02.033","article-title":"Neuromelanin magnetic resonance imaging of the substantia nigra in first episode psychosis patients consumers of illicit substances","volume":"197","author":"Tavares","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib122","series-title":"Int. Rev. Neurobiol.","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2018.09.005","article-title":"Chapter seven - structural and functional MRI in familial Parkinson's disease","author":"Thaler","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26584","article-title":"Contrast mechanisms associated with neuromelanin\u2010MRI","volume":"78","author":"Trujillo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad300","article-title":"Neuromelanin-sensitive MRI as a promising biomarker of catecholamine function","volume":"147","author":"Trujillo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbx042","article-title":"Nigral stress-induced dopamine release in clinical high risk and antipsychotic-na\u00efve schizophrenia","volume":"44","author":"Tseng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.10.028","article-title":"Neuromelanin accumulation in patients with schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"132","author":"Ueno","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.27384","article-title":"Reliability and reproducibility of neuromelanin\u2010sensitive imaging of the substantia Nigra: a comparison of three different sequences","volume":"53","author":"van der Pluijm","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.20220780","article-title":"Neuromelanin-sensitive MRI as candidate marker for treatment resistance in first-episode schizophrenia","volume":"181","author":"van der Pluijm","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2022.12.008","article-title":"The substantia nigra in the pathology of schizophrenia: a review on post-mortem and molecular imaging findings","volume":"68","author":"van Hooijdonk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib131","article-title":"Striatal dopamine synthesis capacity and neuromelanin in the substantia nigra: a multimodal imaging study in schizophrenia and healthy controls","volume":"2","author":"van Hooijdonk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuroscience Applied"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2024.06.013","article-title":"Mesostriatal dopaminergic circuit dysfunction in schizophrenia: a multimodal neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging and [18F]-DOPA positron emission tomography study","volume":"96","author":"Vano","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.07.046","article-title":"The brain on drugs: from reward to addiction","volume":"162","author":"Volkow","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00014.2018","article-title":"The neuroscience of drug reward and addiction","volume":"99","author":"Volkow","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-020-00937-9","article-title":"Noradrenergic correlates of chronic cocaine craving: neuromelanin and functional brain imaging","volume":"46","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104619","article-title":"Neuromelanin magnetic resonance imaging reveals increased dopaminergic neuron activity in the substantia nigra of patients with schizophrenia","volume":"9","author":"Watanabe","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301263","article-title":"There and back again: a tale of norepinephrine and drug addiction","volume":"32","author":"Weinshenker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2023.4305","article-title":"Generalizability and Out-of-Sample predictive ability of associations between neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging and psychosis in antipsychotic-free individuals","volume":"81","author":"Wengler","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-024-01934-y","article-title":"Neuromelanin-sensitive MRI for mechanistic research and biomarker development in psychiatry","volume":"50","author":"Wengler","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.770282","article-title":"Neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of case-control studies","volume":"12","author":"Wieland","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-021-00779-7","article-title":"Dopamine, behavior, and addiction","volume":"28","author":"Wise","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-010418-103337","article-title":"Dopamine and addiction","volume":"71","author":"Wise","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2015.00171","article-title":"A framework for understanding the emerging role of corticolimbic-ventral striatal networks in OCD-Associated repetitive behaviors","volume":"9","author":"Wood","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Syst. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(97)00089-4","article-title":"Decreasing striatal 6-FDOPA uptake with increasing duration of cocaine withdrawal","volume":"17","author":"Wu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0000000000000530","article-title":"Detection of changes in the ventral tegmental area of patients with schizophrenia using neuromelanin-sensitive MRI","volume":"27","author":"Yamashita","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.4161\/cib.17871","article-title":"Internet addiction: neuroimaging findings","volume":"4","author":"Yuan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Commun. Integr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-013-9435-y","article-title":"Neuromelanin of the human substantia nigra: an update","volume":"25","author":"Zucca","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurotox. Res."}],"container-title":["Neuroscience Applied"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772408526001134?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772408526001134?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T09:12:29Z","timestamp":1790154749000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2772408526001134"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":146,"alternative-id":["S2772408526001134"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994","relation":{},"ISSN":["2772-4085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2772-4085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The potential of neuromelanin-sensitive MRI in psychiatric disorders","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neuroscience Applied","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.106994","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European College of Neuropsychopharmacology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106994"}}