{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T10:04:00Z","timestamp":1790157840793,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":188,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003245","name":"Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Dutch Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["025.005.011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["025.005.011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Dutch Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NGF.1607.22.006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NGF.1607.22.006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuroscience Applied"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T15:39:27Z","timestamp":1783784367000},"page":"107019","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["In utero air pollution exposure and pre- and postnatal brain development: a review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9374-3086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vera","family":"Goossens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5546-4656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nora L.","family":"Gro\u00dfmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3612-5780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulrike","family":"Gehring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mireille N.","family":"Bekker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilleke E.","family":"Hulshoff Pol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9015-3550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonja M.C.","family":"de Zwarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP172","article-title":"A systematic comparison of linear regression-based statistical methods to assess exposome-health associations","volume":"124","author":"Agier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0901228","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to traffic-related air pollution and ultrasound measures of fetal growth in the INMA sabadell cohort","volume":"118","author":"Aguilera","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics10110666","article-title":"Neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration of the central nervous system from air pollutants: a scoping review","volume":"10","author":"Armas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-9-6","article-title":"Air pollution exposure during pregnancy and reduced birth size: a prospective birth cohort study in Valencia, Spain","volume":"9","author":"Ballester","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104466","article-title":"Computational methods for the analysis of early-pregnancy brain ultrasonography: a systematic review","volume":"89","author":"Bastiaansen","year":"2023","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5681","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2380-21.2022","article-title":"Graded variation in T1w\/T2w ratio during adolescence: measurement, caveats, and implications for development of cortical myelin","volume":"42","author":"Baum","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.104468","article-title":"The brain-placental axis: therapeutic and pharmacological relevancy to pregnancy","volume":"149","author":"Behura","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.120109","article-title":"Air pollution, white matter microstructure, and brain volumes: periods of susceptibility from pregnancy to preadolescence","volume":"313","author":"Binter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2012.08.014","article-title":"The outdoor air pollution and brain health workshop","volume":"33","author":"Block","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e804","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(22)00200-5","article-title":"Maternal exposure to ambient Black carbon particles and their presence in maternal and fetal circulation and organs: an analysis of two independent population-based observational studies","volume":"6","author":"Bongaerts","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Planet. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihz078","article-title":"Air pollution: the emergence of a major global health risk factor","volume":"11","author":"Boogaard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Internat. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.107921","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to air pollution is associated with structural changes in the neonatal brain","volume":"174","author":"Bos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109407","article-title":"Comparison of air pollution exposure assessment methods and the association with children's respiratory health","volume":"198","author":"Bouma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121832","article-title":"Comparison of air pollution mortality effect estimates using different long-term exposure assessment modelling methods","volume":"279","author":"Bouma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11654-3","article-title":"Ambient black carbon particles reach the fetal side of human placenta","volume":"10","author":"Bov\u00e9","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2023.119864","article-title":"Normative models for neuroimaging markers: impact of model selection, sample size and evaluation criteria","volume":"268","author":"Bozek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1515\/tnsci-2016-0005","article-title":"How air pollution alters brain development: the role of neuroinflammation","volume":"7","author":"Brockmeyer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transl. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib18","article-title":"Exposure to fine particulate matter during pregnancy is associated with hippocampal development in offspring","volume":"5","author":"Buthmann","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biol. Psych. Global Open Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-019-0485-3","article-title":"Maternal exposure to ambient fine particulate matter and fetal growth in Shanghai, China","volume":"18","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.128404","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter and fetal growth: a cohort study from a velocity perspective","volume":"262","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1038\/s43588-021-00126-8","article-title":"Detecting microstructural deviations in individuals with deep diffusion MRI tractometry","volume":"1","author":"Chamberland","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1097\/IYC.0000000000000163","article-title":"Evaluating the dimensionality and psychometric properties of a social\u2013emotional screening instrument for young children","volume":"33","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infants Young Child."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114628","article-title":"Susceptible windows of exposure to fine particulate matter and fetal growth trajectories in the Spanish INMA (INfancia y Medio Ambiente) birth cohort","volume":"216","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2017.07.018","article-title":"Maternal exposure to ambient air pollution and fetal growth in North-East Scotland: a population-based study using routine ultrasound scans","volume":"107","author":"Clemens","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/736385","article-title":"Neurotoxicants are in the air: convergence of human, animal, and in vitro studies on the effects of air pollution on the brain","volume":"2014","author":"Costa","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2020.107523","article-title":"Effects of air pollution on the nervous system and its possible role in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"210","author":"Costa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.104580","article-title":"Developmental impact of air pollution on brain function","volume":"131","author":"Costa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.70058","article-title":"Automated segmentation of fetal intracranial volume in three-dimensional ultrasound using deep learning: identifying sex differences in prenatal brain development","volume":"45","author":"de Zwarte","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2011.09.004","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental performance among school age children in rural Guatemala is associated with prenatal and postnatal exposure to carbon monoxide, a marker for exposure to woodsmoke","volume":"33","author":"Dix-Cooper","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181cc86e8","article-title":"Protecting human health from air pollution: shifting from a single-pollutant to a multi-pollutant approach","volume":"21","author":"Dominici","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0901070","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and children's intelligence at 5 years of age in a prospective cohort study in Poland","volume":"118","author":"Edwards","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib31","series-title":"EU Emission Inventory Report 1990-2011 Under the UNECE Convention on long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP)","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2018.01.030","article-title":"A critical review of assays for hazardous components of air pollution","volume":"117","author":"Forman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.105006","article-title":"Toxicant exposure and the developing brain: a systematic review of the structural and functional MRI literature","volume":"144","author":"Fowler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v033.i01","article-title":"Regularization paths for generalized Linear models via coordinate descent","volume":"33","author":"Friedman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Stat. Software"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20137","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-05338-0","article-title":"The associations of air pollution exposure during pregnancy with fetal growth and anthropometric measurements at birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Fu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e211","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(23)00250-9","article-title":"Normative modelling of brain morphometry across the lifespan with CentileBrain: algorithm benchmarking and model optimisation","volume":"6","author":"Ge","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Digit. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e480","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(25)00093-2","article-title":"Air pollution and fetal brain morphological development: a prospective cohort study","volume":"9","author":"G\u00f3mez-Herrera","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Planet. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2018.04.004","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to environmental pollutants and child development trajectories through 7 years","volume":"221","author":"Gonzalez-Casanova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.01.016","article-title":"Air pollution exposure during fetal life, brain morphology, and cognitive function in school-age children","volume":"84","author":"Guxens","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.03.064","article-title":"Prenatal and early life exposures to ambient air pollution and development","volume":"174","author":"Ha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.10720","article-title":"The effect of ambient air pollution during early pregnancy on fetal ultrasonic measurements during mid-pregnancy","volume":"116","author":"Hansen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib42","series-title":"State of Global Air 2025: a Report on Air Pollution and Its Role in the World's Leading Causes of Death","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2024.06.008","article-title":"Outdoor air pollution and brain development in childhood and adolescence","volume":"47","author":"Herting","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2019.00332","article-title":"Outdoor air pollution and brain structure and function from across childhood to young adulthood: a methodological review of brain MRI studies","volume":"7","author":"Herting","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-017-0169-5","article-title":"Methods for assessing long-term exposures to outdoor air pollutants","volume":"4","author":"Hoek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Environ. Health Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-024-01111-0","article-title":"Does residential address-based exposure assessment for outdoor air pollution lead to bias in epidemiological studies?","volume":"23","author":"Hoek","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2025.04.029","article-title":"Unique opportunities and challenges of longitudinal approaches in studying brain health and mental health","volume":"113","author":"Hulshoff Pol","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1409423","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to NO2 and ultrasound measures of fetal growth in the Spanish INMA cohort","volume":"124","author":"I\u00f1iguez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2021.647643","article-title":"The air we breathe: air pollution as a prevalent proinflammatory stimulus contributing to neurodegeneration","volume":"15","author":"Jankowska-Kieltyka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500388","article-title":"A review and evaluation of intraurban air pollution exposure models","volume":"15","author":"Jerrett","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.06.008","article-title":"The impact of systemic inflammation on neurodevelopment","volume":"24","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12199-021-00995-5","article-title":"Air pollution and children's health\u2014a review of adverse effects associated with prenatal exposure from fine to ultrafine particulate matter","volume":"26","author":"Johnson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Health Prev. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2007.08.017","article-title":"The effects of maternal inflammation on neuronal development: possible mechanisms","volume":"25","author":"Jonakait","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-017-3304-0","article-title":"Association between air pollution exposure, cognitive and adaptive function, and ASD severity among children with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"48","author":"Kerin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Autism Dev. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2014.187","article-title":"Maternal immune activation and abnormal brain development across CNS disorders","volume":"10","author":"Knuesel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8584","article-title":"Comparison of oxidative properties, light absorbance, and total and elemental mass concentration of ambient PM2.5 collected at 20 European sites","volume":"114","author":"K\u00fcnzli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib59","series-title":"Air Quality and Health","author":"K\u00fcnzli","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23885","article-title":"Association between structural brain network efficiency and intelligence increases during adolescence","volume":"39","author":"Koenis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.126078","article-title":"Outdoor residential air pollution exposure and the development of brain volumes across childhood: a longitudinal study","volume":"373","author":"Kusters","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.119828","article-title":"Residential ambient air pollution exposure and the development of white matter microstructure throughout adolescence","volume":"262","author":"Kusters","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.11.058","article-title":"Air pollution exposure during pregnancy and ultrasound and birth measures of fetal growth: a prospective cohort study in Korea","volume":"619\u2013620","author":"Lamichhane","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib63","first-page":"1","article-title":"Advances in fetal and neonatal neuroimaging and everyday exposures","author":"Lautarescu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwad072","article-title":"Traffic-Related air pollution and ultrasound parameters of fetal growth in Eastern Massachusetts","volume":"192","author":"Leung","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.70306","article-title":"The impact of early life exposure to air pollution on the brain: a diffusion MRI Study in 10\u201313-Year-Old children with and without ADHD diagnosis","volume":"46","author":"Lewandowska","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.113250","article-title":"The role of cortisol in the association between prenatal air pollution and fetal growth: a prospective cohort study","volume":"212","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01669-6","article-title":"Environmental neuroscience linking exposome to brain structure and function underlying cognition and behavior","volume":"28","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1097\/WNN.0000000000000235","article-title":"The relationship between air pollution and cognitive functions in children and adolescents: a systematic review","volume":"33","author":"Lopuszanska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cognit. Behav. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP4709","article-title":"Exposure to air pollution during pregnancy and childhood, and white matter microstructure in preadolescents","volume":"128","author":"Lubczy\u0144ska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.110446","article-title":"Air pollution exposure during pregnancy and childhood and brain morphology in preadolescents","volume":"198","author":"Lubczy\u0144ska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2016.09.017","article-title":"Fetal growth and air pollution - a study on ultrasound and birth measures","volume":"152","author":"Malmqvist","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2022.05.003","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to air pollution and early-life stress effects on hippocampal subregional volumes and associations with visuospatial reasoning","volume":"2","author":"Margolis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2016-0379","article-title":"Advantages of 3D ultrasound in the assessment of fetal abnormalities","volume":"45","author":"Merz","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Perinat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib74","article-title":"Gray and white matter metrics demonstrate distinct and complementary prediction of differences in cognitive performance in children: findings from ABCD (N = 11,876)","volume":"44","author":"Michel","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morrel J, Dong M, Rosario MA, Cotter DL, Bottenhorn KL, Herting MM. A systematic review of air pollution exposure and brain structure and function during development. medRxiv 2024:2024.09.13.24313629. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.09.13.24313629.","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.09.13.24313629"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.108734","article-title":"Effects of prenatal exposure to particulate matter air pollution on corpus callosum and behavioral problems in children","volume":"178","author":"Mortamais","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06630-3","article-title":"Normative spatiotemporal fetal brain maturation with satisfactory development at 2 years","volume":"623","author":"Namburete","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP10248","article-title":"Associations of Pre- and postnatal air pollution exposures with child behavioral problems and cognitive performance: a U.S. multi-cohort Study","volume":"130","author":"Ni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2024.101436","article-title":"Clearing the air: a systematic review of studies on air pollution and childhood brain outcomes to mobilize policy change","volume":"69","author":"Parenteau","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dev. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e195","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-3506","article-title":"Prenatal airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure and child IQ at age 5 years","volume":"124","author":"Perera","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-022-00925-0","article-title":"Identifying pre-conception and pre-natal periods in which ambient air pollution exposure affects fetal growth in the predominately Hispanic MADRES cohort","volume":"21","author":"Peterson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13578","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to air pollution is associated with altered brain structure, function, and metabolism in childhood","volume":"63","author":"Peterson","year":"2022","journal-title":"JCPP (J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.57","article-title":"Effects of prenatal exposure to air pollutants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) on the development of brain white matter, cognition, and behavior in later childhood","volume":"72","author":"Peterson","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib84","first-page":"228","article-title":"Air pollution and cognitive development at age 7 in a prospective Italian birth cohort","volume":"27","author":"Porta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109801","article-title":"Unraveling the impact of prenatal air pollution for neonatal brain maturation","volume":"204","author":"Pujol","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib86","first-page":"511","article-title":"Critical periods of vulnerability for the developing nervous system: evidence from humans and animal models","volume":"108","author":"Rice","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2014.01.006","article-title":"Prenatal air pollution exposure and ultrasound measures of fetal growth in Los Angeles, California","volume":"130","author":"Ritz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib88","first-page":"73","article-title":"Developing brain as a target of toxicity","volume":"103","author":"Rodier","year":"1995","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bht357","article-title":"Changes in thickness and surface area of the human cortex and their relationship with intelligence","volume":"25","author":"Schnack","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cerebr. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2017.05.021","article-title":"Prenatal and postnatal exposure to NO2 and child attentional function at 4\u20135 years of age","volume":"106","author":"Sent\u00eds","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04513","article-title":"Intellectual ability and cortical development in children and adolescents","volume":"440","author":"Shaw","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13226","article-title":"Pre-natal brain development as a target for urban air pollution","volume":"125","author":"Sunyer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2025.101538","article-title":"Air pollution and cortical myelin T1w\/T2w ratio estimates in school-age children from the ABCD and NeuroSmog studies","volume":"73","author":"Szwed","year":"2025","journal-title":"Dev. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2023.101128","article-title":"Polygenic risk scores and brain structures both contribute to externalizing behavior in childhood - a study in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) cohort","volume":"2","author":"Teeuw","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurosci Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1996.tb02080.x","article-title":"Regression shrinkage and selection via the lasso","volume":"58","author":"Tibshirani","year":"1996","journal-title":"Royal Stat. Soc. J. series B: Methodol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1003316","article-title":"Air pollution exposure during pregnancy, ultrasound measures of fetal growth, and adverse birth outcomes: a prospective cohort study","volume":"120","author":"van den Hooven","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay3164","article-title":"The exposome and health: where chemistry meets biology","volume":"367","author":"Vermeulen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.266","article-title":"Traffic-Related air pollution, particulate matter, and autism","volume":"70","author":"Volk","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2016-103980","article-title":"Prenatal NO2 exposure and ultrasound measures of foetal growth: a prospective cohort study in Wuhan, China","volume":"74","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib99","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO Global Air Quality Guidelines: Particulate Matter (PM2.5 and PM10), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2025.101508","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, reduced hippocampal subfield volumes, and word reading","volume":"72","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Dev. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.113589","article-title":"In-utero exposure to air pollution and early-life neural development and cognition","volume":"238","author":"Yi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyy019","article-title":"Effects of prenatal exposure to ambient air pollutant PM10 on ultrasound-measured fetal growth","volume":"47","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106313","article-title":"Prenatal fine particulate matter exposure, placental DNA methylation changes, and fetal growth","volume":"147","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Int."}],"container-title":["Neuroscience Applied"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772408526001389?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772408526001389?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T09:16:14Z","timestamp":1790154974000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2772408526001389"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":104,"alternative-id":["S2772408526001389"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019","relation":{},"ISSN":["2772-4085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2772-4085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"In utero air pollution exposure and pre- and postnatal brain development: a review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neuroscience Applied","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nsa.2026.107019","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European College of Neuropsychopharmacology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107019"}}