{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:48:38Z","timestamp":1790700518509,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,1]],"date-time":"2008-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1209600000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,1]],"date-time":"2008-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1209600000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurotoxicology and Teratology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,9]],"date-time":"2008-02-09T07:42:33Z","timestamp":1202542953000},"page":"161-166","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Antibodies to neural proteins in organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) and its amelioration"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Hassan A.N.","family":"El-Fawal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilfred C.","family":"McCain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib1","series-title":"Cellular and Molecular Immunology","first-page":"182","article-title":"B cell activation and antibody production","author":"Abbas","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L1444","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00162.2006","article-title":"The effects of PM10 particles and oxidative stress on macrophages and lung epithelial cells: modulating effects of calcium-signaling antagonists","volume":"292","author":"Brown","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol., Lung Cell Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2004.09.009","article-title":"Humoral immunity in brain aging and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"48","author":"Bouras","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9805","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)39307-9","article-title":"The structure, biochemical properties, and immunogenicity of neurofilament peripheral regions are determined by phosphorylation state","volume":"260","author":"Carden","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-7843.2006.pto_270.x","article-title":"The L-type calcium channel blocker nimodipine mitigates cytoskeletal proteins phosphorylation in dichlorvos-induced delayed neurotoxicity in rats","volume":"9","author":"Choudhary","year":"2006","journal-title":"Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(01)00762-6","article-title":"Protective effect of nimodipine on dichlorvos-induced delayed neurotoxicity in rat brain","volume":"62","author":"Choudhary","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"Supl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib7","first-page":"55","article-title":"Biomarker research in neurotoxicology: the role of mechanistic studies to bridge the gap between the laboratory and epidemiological investigations","volume":"104","author":"Costa","year":"1996","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib8","first-page":"195","article-title":"Investigations on auto-antibodies in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, using defined neuronal cultures","volume":"129","author":"Dahlstrom","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5415","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.10.5415","article-title":"Transfer of central nervous system autoantigens and presentation in secondary lymphoid organs","volume":"169","author":"de Vos","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830161222","article-title":"Early events in human B cell activation: metabolic pathways vary according to the first signal used","volume":"16","author":"Dugas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1080\/15287390490273497","article-title":"Neurologic and immunologic effects of exposure to corticosterone, chlorpyrifos, and multiple doses of tri-ortho-tolyl phosphate over a 28-day period in rats","volume":"67","author":"Ehrich","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, Part A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib12","first-page":"17","article-title":"Organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy","volume":"vol. 1","author":"Ehrich","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib13","series-title":"Metal Toxicity","first-page":"857","article-title":"Concepts of immunological markers of metal toxicity","author":"El-Fawal","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(89)90255-X","article-title":"Effect of verapamil on organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy in hens","volume":"97","author":"El-Fawal","year":"1989","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(90)90269-Z","article-title":"Protease activity in brain, nerve, and muscle in hens given neuropathy inducing organophosphates and a calcium channel blocker","volume":"103","author":"El-Fawal","year":"1990","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib16","first-page":"573","article-title":"Modification of phenyl saligenin phosphate-induced delayed effects by calcium channel blockers: in vivo and in vitro electrophysiological assessment","volume":"11","author":"El-Fawal","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1993.tb18316.x","article-title":"Calpain activity during organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN): effects of a phenylalkylamine calcium channel blocker","volume":"642","author":"El-Fawal","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann. N Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib18","first-page":"531","article-title":"Exposure to methyl mercury results in serum autoantibodies to neurotypic and gliotypic proteins","volume":"17","author":"El-Fawal","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"issue":"Supl 5","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib19","first-page":"775-680","article-title":"Neuroimmunotoxicology: humoral assessment of neurotoxicity and autoimmune mechanisms","volume":"107","author":"El-Fawal","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(03)00002-2","article-title":"Biological markers for therapeutic trials in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"24","author":"Frank","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.07.004","article-title":"Effect of organophosphorus insecticides and their metabolites on astroglial cell proliferation","volume":"215","author":"Guizzetti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00995565","article-title":"Neurofilament phosphorylation and [125I]Calmodulin binding by Ca2+\/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase in the brain subcellular fractions of diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate (DFP)-treated hen","volume":"20","author":"Gupta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2006.01.008","article-title":"Inhibition of neurite outgrowth in differentiating mouse N2a neuroblastoma cells by phenyl saligenin phosphate: effects on MAP kinase (ERK 1\/2) activation, neurofilament heavy chain phosphorylation and neuropathy target esterase activity","volume":"71","author":"Hargreaves","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490330311","article-title":"Anomalous phosphorylated neurofilament aggregations in central and peripheral axons of hens treated with tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate (TOCP)","volume":"33","author":"Jensen","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib25","first-page":"717","article-title":"Myelinated nerve fiber regeneration following organophosphorus ester-induced delayed neuropathy","volume":"10","author":"Jortner","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib26","first-page":"1","article-title":"The vicious circle of stress and anticholinesterase responses","volume":"5","author":"Kaufer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib27","series-title":"Kuby Immunology","first-page":"271","article-title":"B-cell generation, activation and differentiation","author":"Kindt","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib28","first-page":"739","article-title":"Decreases in brain glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) are associated with increased serum corticosterone following inhalation exposure to toluene","volume":"19","author":"Little","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6361","article-title":"Parkinson's disease and exposure to infectious agents and pesticides and the occurrence of brain injuries: role of neuroinflammation","volume":"111","author":"Liu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib30","series-title":"Experimental and Clinical Neurotoxicology","first-page":"897","article-title":"Organophosphorus compounds","author":"Lotti","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1080\/009841096161276","article-title":"Catecholamine concentrations and contractile responses of isolated vessels from hens treated with cyclic phenyl saligenin phosphate or paraoxon in the presence or absence of verapamil","volume":"48","author":"McCain","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1007\/s002040050621","article-title":"Organophosphate neuropathy due to metamidophos: biochemical and neurophysiologic markers","volume":"73","author":"McConnell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib33","first-page":"191","article-title":"Auto-antibodies against proteins of spinal cord cells in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)","volume":"44","author":"Nieborj-Dobosz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Folia Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1991.tb08230.x","article-title":"Glucocorticoids regulate the synthesis of glial fibrillary acidic protein in intact and adrenalectomized rats but do not affect its expression following brain injury","volume":"57","author":"O'Callaghan","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2665","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh625","article-title":"A possible role for humoral immunity in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease","volume":"128","author":"Orr","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib36","first-page":"1471","article-title":"Autoantibodies to alpha-synuclein in inherited Parkinson's disease","author":"Papachroni","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2004.07.003","article-title":"Chlorpyrifos alters functional integrity and structure of an in vitro BBB model: co-cultures of bovine endothelial cells and neonatal rat astrocytes","volume":"26","author":"Parran","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2338","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1995.65052338.x","article-title":"Activation of protein kinase C by trimethyltin: relevance to neurotoxicity","volume":"65","author":"Pavlakovi\u0107","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3109\/08916930008995985","article-title":"Serum anti-S100b, anti-GFAP and anti-NGF autoantibodies of IgG class in healthy persons and patients with mental and neurological disorders","volume":"32","author":"Poletaev","year":"2000","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.04.046","article-title":"Quantitative proteomics analysis of specific protein expression and oxidative modification in aged senescence-accelerated-prone 8 mice brain","volume":"126","author":"Poon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200105313442207","article-title":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"344","author":"Rowland","year":"2001","journal-title":"New Engl. J.Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10736","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)85144-X","article-title":"Characterization of mammalian neurofilament triplet proteins. Subunit stoichiometry and morphology of native and reconstituted filaments","volume":"260","author":"Scott","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1191\/0960327103ht405oa","article-title":"Species variation in pesticide-induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction","volume":"22","author":"Sinha","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2002.01912.x","article-title":"Antinuclear autoantibodies (ANA) in Gulf War-related illness and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) patients","volume":"129","author":"Skowera","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOCI.0000018065.64685.82","article-title":"Cellular immune activation in Gulf War veterans","volume":"24","author":"Skowera","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfh076","article-title":"Interactive effects of paraoxon and pyridostigmine on blood-brain barrier integrity and cholinergic toxicity","volume":"78","author":"Song","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02816107","article-title":"Antibodies to different isoforms of the heavy neurofilament protein (NF-H) in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"9","author":"Soussan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2523","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(80)90533-0","article-title":"Evaluation of a sensitive grading system for assessing acute and subchronic delayed neurotoxicity in hens","volume":"27","author":"Sprague","year":"1980","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.3923\/jpt.2008.173.189","article-title":"Neuroimmune responses to toxic agents: comparison of organometal electrophiles using detection of antibodies to neural cytoskeleton and myelin as biomarkers","volume":"3","author":"Surendran","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880150321","article-title":"Adverse effect of verapamil in myasthenia gravis","volume":"15","author":"Swash","year":"1992","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4757","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.7.4757","article-title":"Frequencies of neuroantigen-specific T cells in the central nervous system versus the immune periphery during the course of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis","volume":"166","author":"Targoni","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(98)00049-9","article-title":"Autoantibodies in neurodegenerative diseases: antigen-specific frequencies and intrathecal analysis","volume":"19","author":"Terryberry","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1080\/00039890209602934","article-title":"Immunological abnormalities in humans chronically exposed to chlorpyrifos","volume":"57","author":"Thrasher","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6881","article-title":"Cellular and humoral immune abnormalities in Gulf War veterans","volume":"112","author":"Vojdani","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-3575(03)00082-8","article-title":"Effect of tri-o-cresyl phosphate and methamidophos on 45Ca uptake by brain synaptosomes in hens","volume":"77","author":"Wu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pestic. Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2007.02.003","article-title":"Verapamil abolished the enhancement of protein phosphorylation of brainstem mitochondria and synaptosomes from the hens dosed with tri-o-cresyl phosphate","volume":"24","author":"Wu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."}],"container-title":["Neurotoxicology and Teratology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0892036208000196?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0892036208000196?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T19:13:02Z","timestamp":1760209982000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0892036208000196"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0892036208000196"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0892-0362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0892-0362","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Antibodies to neural proteins in organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) and its amelioration","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neurotoxicology and Teratology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.01.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}