{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T19:24:31Z","timestamp":1781724271539,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":211,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurotoxicology and Teratology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,18]],"date-time":"2016-11-18T14:15:29Z","timestamp":1479478529000},"page":"2-23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Review of preclinical studies on pediatric general anesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Walters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merle G.","family":"Paule","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000477","article-title":"Long-term effects of single or multiple neonatal sevoflurane exposures on rat hippocampal ultrastructure","volume":"122","author":"Amrock","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e3180986d2f","article-title":"Ketamine reduces the cell death following inflammatory pain in newborn rat brain","volume":"62","author":"Anand","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0015","first-page":"27","article-title":"Carnitine protects mitochondria and removes toxic acyls from xenobiotics","volume":"27","author":"Arrigoni-Martelli","year":"2001","journal-title":"Drugs Exp. Clin. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2012.06.004","article-title":"The use of an incremental repeated acquisition task to assess learning in children","volume":"91","author":"Baldwin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behav. Process."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(77)90310-9","article-title":"The effect of ethanol chronically administered to preweanling rats on cerebellar development: a morphological study","volume":"119","author":"Bauer-Moffett","year":"1977","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00017.2006","article-title":"GABA: a pioneer transmitter that excites immature neurons and generates primitive oscillations","volume":"87","author":"Ben-Ari","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2011.12.022","article-title":"The abolishment of anesthesia-induced cognitive impairment by timely protection of mitochondria in the developing rat brain: the importance of free oxygen radicals and mitochondrial integrity","volume":"45","author":"Boscolo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e318289bc9b","article-title":"Early exposure to general anesthesia disturbs mitochondrial fission and fusion in the developing rat brain","volume":"118","author":"Boscolo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i47","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet073","article-title":"Mitochondrial protectant pramipexole prevents sex-specific long-term cognitive impairment from early anaesthesia exposure in rats","volume":"110","author":"Boscolo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.2174\/157488612802715663","article-title":"Ketamine induces toxicity in human neurons differentiated from embryonic stem cells via mitochondrial apoptosis pathway","volume":"7","author":"Bosnjak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Saf."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/4.1.78","article-title":"Synaptogenesis in the prefrontal cortex of rhesus monkeys","volume":"4","author":"Bourgeois","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181d049cd","article-title":"Isoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis in the neonatal rhesus macaque brain","volume":"112","author":"Brambrink","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23652","article-title":"Isoflurane-induced apoptosis of oligodendrocytes in the neonatal primate brain","volume":"72","author":"Brambrink","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e318242b2cd","article-title":"Ketamine-induced neuroapoptosis in the fetal and neonatal rhesus macaque brain","volume":"116","author":"Brambrink","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181cd7942","article-title":"Volatile anesthetics rapidly increase dendritic spine density in the rat medial prefrontal cortex during synaptogenesis","volume":"112","author":"Briner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e318221fbbd","article-title":"Developmental Stage-dependent persistent impact of propofol anesthesia on dendritic spines in the rat medial prefrontal cortex","volume":"115","author":"Briner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.1650110","article-title":"Object recognition memory and the rodent hippocampus","volume":"17","author":"Broadbent","year":"2010","journal-title":"Learn. Mem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.890080107","article-title":"Rapid alteration of synaptic number and postsynaptic thickening length by NMDA: an electron microscopic study in the occipital cortex of postnatal rats","volume":"8","author":"Brooks","year":"1991","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31829417f0","article-title":"Xenon neurotoxicity in rat hippocampal slice cultures is similar to isoflurane and sevoflurane","volume":"119","author":"Brosnan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1037\/a0026773","article-title":"Behavioral effects of prenatal ketamine exposure in rhesus macaques are dependent on MAOA genotype","volume":"20","author":"Capitanio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e318172ba0a","article-title":"Subanesthetic doses of propofol induce neuroapoptosis in the infant mouse brain","volume":"106","author":"Cattano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03016309","article-title":"Potential of xenon to induce or to protect against neuroapoptosis in the developing mouse brain","volume":"55","author":"Cattano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Can. J. Anaesth."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0115","first-page":"571","article-title":"Xenon exposure in the neonatal rat brain: effects on genes that regulate apoptosis","volume":"77","author":"Cattano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2011.03.008","article-title":"Assessing motivation in children using a progressive ratio task","volume":"87","author":"Chelonis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behav. Process."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-0362(00)00090-8","article-title":"Developmental aspects of delayed matching-to-sample task performance in children","volume":"22","author":"Chelonis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2004.01.004","article-title":"Developmental aspects of timing behavior in children","volume":"26","author":"Chelonis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2014.01.002","article-title":"Comparison of delayed matching-to-sample performance in monkeys and children","volume":"103","author":"Chelonis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behav. Process."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(78)80072-9","article-title":"Brain malformations related to prenatal exposure to ethanol","volume":"92","author":"Clarren","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S2325","article-title":"Update on the use of pramipexole in the treatment of Parkinson's disease","volume":"4","author":"Constantinescu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4507-04.2005","article-title":"Double dissociation of basolateral and central amygdala lesions on the general and outcome-specific forms of pavlovian-instrumental transfer","volume":"25","author":"Corbit","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3181c6b9ca","article-title":"The young: neuroapoptosis induced by anesthetics and what to do about it","volume":"110","author":"Creeley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci3031153","article-title":"Drug-induced apoptosis: mechanism by which alcohol and many other drugs can disrupt brain development","volume":"3","author":"Creeley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i29","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet173","article-title":"Propofol-induced apoptosis of neurones and oligodendrocytes in fetal and neonatal rhesus macaque brain","volume":"110","author":"Creeley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000037","article-title":"Isoflurane-induced apoptosis of neurons and oligodendrocytes in the fetal rhesus macaque brain","volume":"120","author":"Creeley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181cd795d","article-title":"At the sharp end of spines: anesthetic effects on synaptic remodeling in the developing brain","volume":"112","author":"Crosby","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2013.07.005","article-title":"Acetyl l-carnitine protects motor neurons and Rohon-Beard sensory neurons against ketamine-induced neurotoxicity in zebrafish embryos","volume":"39","author":"Cuevas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet469","article-title":"Brain regional vulnerability to anaesthesia-induced neuroapoptosis shifts with age at exposure and extends into adulthood for some regions","volume":"113","author":"Deng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(79)90022-7","article-title":"Comparative aspects of the brain growth spurt","volume":"3","author":"Dobbing","year":"1979","journal-title":"Early Hum. Dev."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2407","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318253563c","article-title":"Ketamine alters the neurogenesis of rat cortical neural stem progenitor cells","volume":"40","author":"Dong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrb.21119","article-title":"Ketamine affects the neurogenesis of rat fetal neural stem progenitor cells via the PI3K\/Akt-p27 signaling pathway","volume":"101","author":"Dong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res. B Dev. Reprod. Toxicol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.12356","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine provides neuroprotection: impact on ketamine-induced neuroapoptosis in the developing rat brain","volume":"58","author":"Duan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2012.12.007","article-title":"Memory on time","volume":"17","author":"Eichenbaum","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-012-1260-4","article-title":"Sevoflurane exposure in 7-day-old rats affects neurogenesis, neurodegeneration and neurocognitive function","volume":"28","author":"Fang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosci. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2013.11.005","article-title":"Ketamine NMDA receptor-independent toxicity during zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryonic development","volume":"41","author":"Felix","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-1047(05)80062-7","article-title":"Effects of methylazoxymethanol-induced micrencephaly on temporal response differentiation and progressive ratio responding in rats","volume":"62","author":"Ferguson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Behav. Neural Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2210-10-2","article-title":"Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant effects of S(\u2212) and R(+) pramipexole","volume":"10","author":"Ferrari-Toninelli","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Pharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2003.12.026","article-title":"Neurofunctional deficits and potentiated apoptosis by neonatal NMDA antagonist administration","volume":"153","author":"Fredriksson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1097\/01.anes.0000278892.62305.9c","article-title":"Neonatal exposure to a combination of N-methyl-d-aspartate and gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor anesthetic agents potentiates apoptotic neurodegeneration and persistent behavioral deficits","volume":"107","author":"Fredriksson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.11.061","article-title":"Repeated exposure to propofol impairs spatial learning, inhibits LTP and reduces CaMKIIalpha in young rats","volume":"560","author":"Gao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e31826d37c5","article-title":"Early developmental exposure to volatile anesthetics causes behavioral defects in Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"116","author":"Gentry","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2014.12.020","article-title":"Neurodevelopment of children exposed to anesthesia: design of the mayo anesthesia safety in kids (MASK) study","volume":"41","author":"Gleich","year":"2015","journal-title":"Control. Clin. Trials"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.4062\/biomolther.2014.120","article-title":"Repeated neonatal propofol administration induces sex-dependent long-term impairments on spatial and recognition memory in rats","volume":"23","author":"Gonzales","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomol Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.02.017","article-title":"Long-term effects of routine morphine infusion in mechanically ventilated neonates on children's functioning: five-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"152","author":"de Graaf","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0270","first-page":"1","article-title":"Births: final Data for 2014","volume":"64","author":"Hamilton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Natl. Vital Stat. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.12678","article-title":"The rise and fall of anaesthesia-related neurotoxicity and the immature developing human brain","volume":"60","author":"Hansen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.07.059","article-title":"Ketamine potentiates hippocampal neurodegeneration and persistent learning and memory impairment through the PKCgamma-ERK signaling pathway in the developing brain","volume":"1476","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"344","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344ra85","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaf7151","article-title":"Post-anesthesia AMPA receptor potentiation prevents anesthesia-induced learning and synaptic deficits","volume":"8","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"issue":"5398","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1126\/science.283.5398.70","article-title":"Blockade of NMDA receptors and apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing brain","volume":"283","author":"Ikonomidou","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5455","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5455.1056","article-title":"Ethanol-induced apoptotic neurodegeneration and fetal alcohol syndrome","volume":"287","author":"Ikonomidou","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(01)00696-7","article-title":"Neurotransmitters and apoptosis in the developing brain","volume":"62","author":"Ikonomidou","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0b013e3283294c9e","article-title":"General anesthetics and the developing brain","volume":"22","author":"Istaphanous","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Anaesthesiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2015.01.010","article-title":"Ketamine administration during the second postnatal week induces enduring schizophrenia-like behavioral symptoms and reduces parvalbumin expression in the medial prefrontal cortex of adult mice","volume":"282","author":"Jeevakumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"issue":"38","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6225","DOI":"10.2174\/138161212803832380","article-title":"Developmental synaptogenesis and general anesthesia: a kiss of death?","volume":"18","author":"Jevtovic-Todorovic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-03-00876.2003","article-title":"Early exposure to common anesthetic agents causes widespread neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain and persistent learning deficits","volume":"23","author":"Jevtovic-Todorovic","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2014.11.003","article-title":"Pre-administration of curcumin prevents neonatal sevoflurane exposure-induced neurobehavioral abnormalities in mice","volume":"46","author":"Ji","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2016.03.017","article-title":"Role of histone acetylation in long-term neurobehavioral effects of neonatal Exposure to sevoflurane in rats","volume":"91","author":"Jia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3758-08.2009","article-title":"The basolateral amygdala is critical to the expression of pavlovian and instrumental outcome-specific reinforcer devaluation effects","volume":"29","author":"Johnson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"7815","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)91291-9","article-title":"Pattern of malformation in offspring of chronic alcoholic mothers","volume":"1","author":"Jones","year":"1973","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-015-9585-1","article-title":"Hypermethylation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity-related genes is involved in neonatal sevoflurane exposure-induced cognitive impairments in rats","volume":"29","author":"Ju","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurotox. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2011.10.004","article-title":"l-Carnitine rescues ketamine-induced attenuated heart rate and MAPK (ERK) activity in zebrafish embryos","volume":"33","author":"Kanungo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.1751","article-title":"Ketamine induces motor neuron toxicity and alters neurogenic and proneural gene expression in zebrafish","volume":"33","author":"Kanungo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3182a8c709","article-title":"Neonatal exposure to sevoflurane causes significant suppression of hippocampal long-term potentiation in postgrowth rats","volume":"117","author":"Kato","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0365","first-page":"345","article-title":"l-Carnitine: therapeutic applications of a conditionally-essential amino acid","volume":"3","author":"Kelly","year":"1998","journal-title":"Altern. Med. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2011.07.002","article-title":"An analysis of rat prefrontal cortex in mediating executive function","volume":"96","author":"Kesner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Learn. Mem."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.22545","article-title":"Learning by subtraction: hippocampal activity and effects of ethanol during the acquisition and performance of response sequences","volume":"26","author":"Ketchum","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.11.002","article-title":"Treatment of bipolar disorder: review of evidence regarding quetiapine and lithium","volume":"191","author":"Ketter","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e318234228b","article-title":"Neonatal desflurane exposure induces more robust neuroapoptosis than do isoflurane and sevoflurane and impairs working memory","volume":"115","author":"Kodama","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"5104","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8096653","article-title":"Modulation of neuronal migration by NMDA receptors","volume":"260","author":"Komuro","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4849","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-011-1279-z","article-title":"Effects of isoflurane exposure during pregnancy on postnatal memory and learning in offspring rats","volume":"39","author":"Kong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/48.1.107","article-title":"Regional and temporal expression of the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor in MPTP neurotoxicity","volume":"48","author":"Kuhlmann","year":"1999","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2000.0741694.x","article-title":"Cellular and subcellular localization of peripheral benzodiazepine receptors after trimethyltin neurotoxicity","volume":"74","author":"Kuhlmann","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2010.06.002","article-title":"Small-animal positron emission tomography as a tool for neuropharmacology","volume":"31","author":"Lancelot","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867023369745","article-title":"The role of peripheral benzodiazepine receptors (PBRs) in CNS pathophysiology","volume":"9","author":"Lang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2014.03.011","article-title":"Isoflurane exposure in newborn rats induces long-term cognitive dysfunction in males but not females","volume":"83","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2014.06.016","article-title":"Effect of combining anesthetics in neonates on long-term cognitive function","volume":"37","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6772","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms13066772","article-title":"Mechanistic insights into neurotoxicity induced by anesthetics in the developing brain","volume":"13","author":"Lei","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070645","article-title":"Perinatal supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids improves sevoflurane-induced neurodegeneration and memory impairment in neonatal rats","volume":"8","author":"Lei","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2015.05.007","article-title":"Learning about cognition risk with the radial-arm maze in the developmental neurotoxicology battery","volume":"Vol. 52 (Pt A)","author":"Levin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0445","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine reduces isoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis partly by preserving PI3K\/Akt pathway in the hippocampus of neonatal rats","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181d94da5","article-title":"Isoflurane causes greater neurodegeneration than an equivalent exposure of sevoflurane in the developing brain of neonatal mice","volume":"112","author":"Liang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31825ae693","article-title":"Noxious stimulation attenuates ketamine-induced neuroapoptosis in the developing rat brain","volume":"117","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfs296","article-title":"Ketamine-induced neuronal damage and altered N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor function in rat primary forebrain culture","volume":"131","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4303\/jdar\/235679","article-title":"The evaluation of sevoflurane-induced apoptotic neurodegeneration with MicroPET using [18F]-DFNSH in the developing rat brain","volume":"2","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Drug. Alcohol Res."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i3","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet057","article-title":"Role of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta in ketamine-induced developmental neuroapoptosis in rats","volume":"110","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2014.00234","article-title":"Positron emission tomography with [(18)F]FLT revealed sevoflurane-induced inhibition of neural progenitor cell expansion in vivo","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2014.03.011","article-title":"Protective effect of acetyl-l-carnitine on propofol-induced toxicity in embryonic neural stem cells","volume":"42","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfv150","article-title":"Potential adverse effects of prolonged sevoflurane exposure on developing monkey brain: from abnormal lipid metabolism to neuronal damage","volume":"147","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e318167ad77","article-title":"An assessment of the effects of general anesthetics on developing brain structure and neurocognitive function","volume":"106","author":"Loepke","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e31818cdb29","article-title":"The effects of neonatal isoflurane exposure in mice on brain cell viability, adult behavior, learning, and memory","volume":"108","author":"Loepke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.09.042","article-title":"Glutamate and GABA receptor signalling in the developing brain","volume":"130","author":"Lujan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-009-9088-z","article-title":"General anesthesia causes long-lasting disturbances in the ultrastructural properties of developing synapses in young rats","volume":"17","author":"Lunardi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurotox. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e31821284e9","article-title":"Isoflurane impairs immature astroglia development in vitro: the role of actin cytoskeleton","volume":"70","author":"Lunardi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1097\/01.anes.0000264762.48920.80","article-title":"Xenon mitigates isoflurane-induced neuronal apoptosis in the developing rodent brain","volume":"106","author":"Ma","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2015.05.011","article-title":"The uncomfortable reality. We simply do not know if general anesthesia negatively impacts the neurocognitive development of our small children","volume":"79","author":"Mann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-0362(99)00045-8","article-title":"Adaptation of a primate operant test battery to the rat: effects of chlorpromazine","volume":"22","author":"Mayorga","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(90)90011-C","article-title":"Physiological and pathophysiological roles of excitatory amino acids during central nervous system development","volume":"15","author":"McDonald","year":"1990","journal-title":"Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0535","first-page":"185","article-title":"Excitatory amino acid neurotoxicity in the developing brain","volume":"133","author":"McDonald","year":"1993","journal-title":"NIDA Res. Monogr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(93)90006-L","article-title":"The neuropharmacological and neurochemical basis of place learning in the Morris water maze","volume":"18","author":"McNamara","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(95)02009-G","article-title":"Prefrontal cortical mediation of rats' place learning in a modified water maze","volume":"38","author":"Mogensen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2013.00087","article-title":"Long-term effects of neonatal single or multiple isoflurane exposures on spatial memory in rats","volume":"4","author":"Murphy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22427","DOI":"10.1038\/srep22427","article-title":"Lithium protects against anaesthesia neurotoxicity in the infant primate brain","volume":"6","author":"Noguchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-813X(01)00092-4","article-title":"New insights and new issues in developmental neurotoxicology","volume":"23","author":"Olney","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0565","first-page":"383","article-title":"Environmental agents that have the potential to trigger massive apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing brain","volume":"108","author":"Olney","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2004.01.002","article-title":"Do pediatric drugs cause developing neurons to commit suicide?","volume":"25","author":"Olney","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-015-3751-7","article-title":"Potential of the ovine brain as a model for anesthesia-induced neuroapoptosis","volume":"31","author":"Olutoye","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr. Surg. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0580","series-title":"Methods of Behavioral Analysis in Neuroscience","first-page":"281","article-title":"Validation of a behavioral test battery for monkeys","author":"Paule","year":"2000"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-393X(01)80088-6","article-title":"Using identical behavioral tasks in children, monkeys, and rats to study the effects of drugs","volume":"62","author":"Paule","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr. Ther. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0600","first-page":"69","article-title":"Long-lasting cognitive deficits in rhesus monkeys after neonatal general anesthesia induced by isoflurane\/nitrous oxide: protection by acetyl-l-carnitine","volume":"55","author":"Paule","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2011.01.001","article-title":"Ketamine anesthesia during the first week of life can cause long-lasting cognitive deficits in rhesus monkeys","volume":"33","author":"Paule","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2012.01.008","article-title":"Behavioral toxicology of cognition: extrapolation from experimental animal models to humans: Behavioral toxicology symposium overview","volume":"34","author":"Paule","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e318242a48c","article-title":"Propofol neurotoxicity is mediated by p75 neurotrophin receptor activation","volume":"116","author":"Pearn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12372","article-title":"Erythropoietin protects newborn rat against sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity","volume":"24","author":"Pellegrini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Paediatr. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2015.09.009","article-title":"Neonatal propofol anesthesia modifies activity-dependent processes and induces transient hyperlocomotor response to d-amphetamine during adolescence in rats","volume":"Vol. 47 (Pt B)","author":"Pesic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.106.2.274","article-title":"Differential contribution of amygdala and hippocampus to cued and contextual fear conditioning","volume":"106","author":"Phillips","year":"1992","journal-title":"Behav. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2011.04.019","article-title":"Neonatal exposure to propofol affects BDNF but not CaMKII, GAP-43, synaptophysin and tau in the neonatal brain and causes an altered behavioural response to diazepam in the adult mouse brain","volume":"223","author":"Ponten","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2012.02722.x","article-title":"Clonidine abolishes the adverse effects on apoptosis and behaviour after neonatal ketamine exposure in mice","volume":"56","author":"Ponten","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfv219","article-title":"Acute and long-term effects of brief sevoflurane anesthesia during the early postnatal period in rats","volume":"149","author":"Qiu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0610544104","article-title":"Positron emission tomography with computed tomography imaging of neuroinflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"104","author":"Radu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i39","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet103","article-title":"Distinct long-term neurocognitive outcomes after equipotent sevoflurane or isoflurane anaesthesia in immature rats","volume":"110","author":"Ramage","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000851","article-title":"Multiple anesthetic exposure in infant monkeys alters emotional reactivity to an acute stressor","volume":"123","author":"Raper","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.02.003","article-title":"Multiple sevoflurane exposures in infant monkeys do not impact the mother-infant bond","volume":"54","author":"Raper","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.05173.x","article-title":"Timing versus duration: determinants of anesthesia-induced developmental apoptosis in the young mammalian brain","volume":"1199","author":"Rizzi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2007.00116.x","article-title":"Clinical anesthesia causes permanent damage to the fetal guinea pig brain","volume":"18","author":"Rizzi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2009.08.011","article-title":"The effects of chronic methylphenidate administration on operant test battery performance in juvenile rhesus monkeys","volume":"32","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007043","article-title":"Anesthetics rapidly promote synaptogenesis during a critical period of brain development","volume":"4","author":"De Roo","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-9081-4-35","article-title":"Ketamine analgesia for inflammatory pain in neonatal rats: a factorial randomized trial examining long-term effects","volume":"4","author":"Rovnaghi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Funct."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2004.09.004","article-title":"Understanding contextual fear conditioning: insights from a two-process model","volume":"28","author":"Rudy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1097\/ANA.0000000000000119","article-title":"Isoflurane impairs the capacity of astrocytes to support neuronal development in a mouse dissociated coculture model","volume":"26","author":"Ryu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg. Anesthesiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3182303a63","article-title":"General anesthesia causes long-term impairment of mitochondrial morphogenesis and synaptic transmission in developing rat brain","volume":"115","author":"Sanchez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31819daedd","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine attenuates isoflurane-induced neurocognitive impairment in neonatal rats","volume":"110","author":"Sanders","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2009.02177.x","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine provides cortical neuroprotection: impact on anaesthetic-induced neuroapoptosis in the rat developing brain","volume":"54","author":"Sanders","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181974fa2","article-title":"Neonatal exposure to sevoflurane induces abnormal social behaviors and deficits in fear conditioning in mice","volume":"110","author":"Satomoto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci4010073","article-title":"The neurotoxicity of nitrous oxide: the facts and \u201cputative\u201d mechanisms","volume":"4","author":"Savage","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfh224","article-title":"Developmental neurotoxicity of ketamine: morphometric confirmation, exposure parameters, and multiple fluorescent labeling of apoptotic neurons","volume":"81","author":"Scallet","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"issue":"17\u201318","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0735","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2010.09.004","article-title":"Assessment of spatial memory in mice","volume":"87","author":"Sharma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3182834d77","article-title":"Selective anesthesia-induced neuroinflammation in developing mouse brain and cognitive impairment","volume":"118","author":"Shen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.08.007","article-title":"Early life exposure to sevoflurane impairs adulthood spatial memory in the rat","volume":"39","author":"Shen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2010.01.007","article-title":"Gene expression profiling in the developing rat brain exposed to ketamine","volume":"166","author":"Shi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e318247564d","article-title":"Delayed environmental enrichment reverses sevoflurane-induced memory impairment in rats","volume":"116","author":"Shih","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181d960d7","article-title":"Xenon pretreatment attenuates anesthetic-induced apoptosis in the developing brain in comparison with nitrous oxide and hypoxia","volume":"113","author":"Shu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0765","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2011.10.021","article-title":"Nociceptive stimuli enhance anesthetic-induced neuroapoptosis in the rat developing brain","volume":"45","author":"Shu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfm084","article-title":"Ketamine-induced neuronal cell death in the perinatal rhesus monkey","volume":"98","author":"Slikker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0775","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31819b5eab","article-title":"Lithium protects against anesthesia-induced developmental neuroapoptosis","volume":"110","author":"Straiko","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31819c463d","article-title":"Isoflurane differentially affects neurogenesis and long-term neurocognitive function in 60-day-old and 7-day-old rats","volume":"110","author":"Stratmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0785","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31819c7140","article-title":"Effect of hypercarbia and isoflurane on brain cell death and neurocognitive dysfunction in 7-day-old rats","volume":"110","author":"Stratmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0790","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e3181af8015","article-title":"Beyond anesthetic properties: the effects of isoflurane on brain cell death, neurogenesis, and long-term neurocognitive function","volume":"110","author":"Stratmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0795","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2275","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2014.134","article-title":"Effect of general anesthesia in infancy on long-term recognition memory in humans and rats","volume":"39","author":"Stratmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"7356","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0800","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10194","article-title":"Excitatory transmission from the amygdala to nucleus accumbens facilitates reward seeking","volume":"475","author":"Stuber","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aew064","article-title":"Inhibiting NADPH oxidase protects against long-term memory impairment induced by neonatal sevoflurane exposure in mice","volume":"117","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Anaesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7919640","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/7919640","article-title":"Isoflurane is more deleterious to developing brain than desflurane: the role of the Akt\/GSK3beta signaling pathway","volume":"2016","author":"Tao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0815","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1997.tb04441.x","article-title":"MK-801 administration during ethanol withdrawal in neonatal rat pups attenuates ethanol-induced behavioral deficits","volume":"21","author":"Thomas","year":"1997","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1097\/ANA.0b013e31826a0345","article-title":"Epidemiology of pediatric surgical admissions in US children: data from the HCUP kids inpatient database","volume":"24","author":"Tzong","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg. Anesthesiol."},{"issue":"5-6","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2004.06.003","article-title":"Role of carnitine esters in brain neuropathology","volume":"25","author":"Virmani","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Asp. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2006.116","article-title":"Morris water maze: procedures for assessing spatial and related forms of learning and memory","volume":"1","author":"Vorhees","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2015.06.002","article-title":"Reprint of \u201cvalue of water mazes for assessing spatial and egocentric learning and memory in rodent basic research and regulatory studies\u201d","volume":"Vol. 52(Pt A)","author":"Vorhees","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0840","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfj144","article-title":"Blockade of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors by ketamine produces loss of postnatal day 3 monkey frontal cortical neurons in culture","volume":"91","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0845","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.12.039","volume":"205","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0850","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2013.09.006","article-title":"Inhibition of aberrant cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activity attenuates isoflurane neurotoxicity in the developing brain","volume":"77","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0855","article-title":"Relationship between ketamine-induced developmental neurotoxicity and NMDA receptor-mediated calcium influx in neural stem cell-derived neurons","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2016.5321","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine attenuates repeated propofol exposure-induced hippocampal apoptosis, PI3K\/Akt\/Gsk-3beta signaling disruption, and juvenile cognitive deficits in neonatal rats","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0865","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1097\/01.anes.0000299435.59242.0e","article-title":"The common inhalational anesthetic isoflurane induces apoptosis via activation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors","volume":"108","author":"Wei","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0870","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1986.tb05070.x","article-title":"Effects of ethanol exposure during the third trimester equivalent on neuron number in rat hippocampus and dentate gyrus","volume":"10","author":"West","year":"1986","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0875","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s40169-015-0079-9","article-title":"A novel, clinically relevant use of a piglet model to study the effects of anesthetics on the developing brain","volume":"5","author":"Whitaker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0880","article-title":"Physiological disturbance may contribute to neurodegeneration induced by isoflurane or sevoflurane in 14day old rats","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0885","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2015.11.001","article-title":"Learning, memory and synaptic plasticity in hippocampus in rats exposed to sevoflurane","volume":"48","author":"Xiao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0890","first-page":"10444","article-title":"Neuroprotective properties of vitamin C on equipotent anesthetic concentrations of desflurane, isoflurane, or sevoflurane in high fat diet fed neonatal mice","volume":"8","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1159\/000362953","article-title":"Repeated administration of ketamine can induce hippocampal neurodegeneration and long-term cognitive impairment via the ROS\/HIF-1alpha pathway in developing rats","volume":"33","author":"Yan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0900","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e318229a660","article-title":"Transient effects of anesthetics on dendritic spines and filopodia in the living mouse cortex","volume":"115","author":"Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0905","article-title":"Comparison of neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment in neonatal mice exposed to propofol or isoflurane","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"44","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14719","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3989-10.2010","article-title":"The sensorimotor striatum is necessary for serial order learning","volume":"30","author":"Yin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.03.064","article-title":"Anesthesia induces neuronal cell death in the developing rat brain via the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways","volume":"135","author":"Yon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2005.08.011","article-title":"Melatonin reduces the severity of anesthesia-induced apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing rat brain","volume":"21","author":"Yon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e318275146d","article-title":"Coadministration of hydrogen gas as part of the carrier gas mixture suppresses neuronal apoptosis and subsequent behavioral deficits caused by neonatal exposure to sevoflurane in mice","volume":"118","author":"Yonamine","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706301","article-title":"Potential of ketamine and midazolam, individually or in combination, to induce apoptotic neurodegeneration in the infant mouse brain","volume":"146","author":"Young","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0935","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2012.12.033","article-title":"Repeated exposure to propofol potentiates neuroapoptosis and long-term behavioral deficits in neonatal rats","volume":"534","author":"Yu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0940","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci3031128","article-title":"Developmental neurotoxicity of alcohol and anesthetic drugs is augmented by co-exposure to caffeine","volume":"3","author":"Yuede","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0945","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2008.05.002","article-title":"Synthesis, biological evaluation and radiochemical labeling of a dansylhydrazone derivative as a potential imaging agent for apoptosis","volume":"18","author":"Zeng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0950","first-page":"7","article-title":"Protective effects of acetyl l-carnitine on inhalation anesthetic-induced neuronal damage in the nonhuman primate","volume":"1","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm. Org. Process Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0955","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4303\/jdar\/235653","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of acetyl-carnitine effects on anesthetic-induced neuronal death using MicroPET\/CT imaging","volume":"2","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Drug. Alcohol Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0960","series-title":"Quantitative Assessment of [18F]-FEPPA Uptake as a Biomarker of Anesthetic-Induced Neurotoxicity [Abstract]","author":"Zhang","year":"2012"},{"issue":"2-3","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0965","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2008.09.083","article-title":"Subclinical concentration of sevoflurane potentiates neuronal apoptosis in the developing C57BL\/6 mouse brain","volume":"447","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0970","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfp167","article-title":"A minimally invasive, translational biomarker of ketamine-induced neuronal death in rats: microPET Imaging using 18F-annexin V","volume":"111","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0975","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4025","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.065664","article-title":"The mitochondrial pathway of anesthetic isoflurane-induced apoptosis","volume":"285","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0980","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-010-0499-z","article-title":"MicroPET imaging of ketamine-induced neuronal apoptosis with radiolabeled DFNSH","volume":"118","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0985","series-title":"MicroPET\/CT Imaging of [18F]-FEPPA in the Nonhuman Primate: A Potential Biomarker of Pathogenic Processes Associated with Anesthetic-Induced Neurotoxicity","first-page":"1","volume":"2012","author":"Zhang","year":"2012"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0990","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.2857","article-title":"Application of microPET imaging approaches in the study of pediatric anesthetic-induced neuronal toxicity","volume":"33","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb0995","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000001154","article-title":"In vivo monitoring of sevoflurane-induced adverse effects in neonatal nonhuman primates using small-animal positron emission tomography","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb1000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2016.01.008","article-title":"A lasting effect of postnatal sevoflurane anesthesia on the composition of NMDA receptor subunits in rat prefrontal cortex","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb1005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e318230b3fd","article-title":"GABAergic excitotoxicity injury of the immature hippocampal pyramidal neurons' exposure to isoflurane","volume":"113","author":"Zhao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb1010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26865","DOI":"10.1038\/srep26865","article-title":"Prenatal ketamine exposure causes abnormal development of prefrontal cortex in rat","volume":"6","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb1015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.12163","article-title":"Sevoflurane causes neuronal apoptosis and adaptability changes of neonatal rats","volume":"57","author":"Zheng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb1020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3182834d5d","article-title":"Sevoflurane anesthesia in pregnant mice induces neurotoxicity in fetal and offspring mice","volume":"118","author":"Zheng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb1025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2010.10.009","article-title":"The glutaminergic, GABAergic, dopaminergic but not cholinergic neurons are susceptible to anaesthesia-induced cell death in the rat developing brain","volume":"174","author":"Zhou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb1030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11145","DOI":"10.1038\/srep11145","article-title":"Neonatal exposure to sevoflurane may not cause learning and memory deficits and behavioral abnormality in the childhood of Cynomolgus monkeys","volume":"5","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb1035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2016.5336","article-title":"Subclinical concentrations of sevoflurane reduce oxidative stress but do not prevent hippocampal apoptosis","volume":"14","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb1040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2009.274","article-title":"Isoflurane anesthesia induced persistent, progressive memory impairment, caused a loss of neural stem cells, and reduced neurogenesis in young, but not adult, rodents","volume":"30","author":"Zhu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb1045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2007.12.013","article-title":"The effects of l-carnitine on the combination of, inhalation anesthetic-induced developmental, neuronal apoptosis in the rat frontal cortex","volume":"151","author":"Zou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb1050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfn270","article-title":"Potential neurotoxicity of ketamine in the developing rat brain","volume":"108","author":"Zou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb1055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2009.06.010","article-title":"Prolonged exposure to ketamine increases neurodegeneration in the developing monkey brain","volume":"27","author":"Zou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb1060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2011.06.003","article-title":"Inhalation anesthetic-induced neuronal damage in the developing rhesus monkey","volume":"33","author":"Zou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005_bb1065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2013.1298","article-title":"Propofol induces rat embryonic neural stem cell apoptosis by activating both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways","volume":"7","author":"Zou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."}],"container-title":["Neurotoxicology and Teratology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0892036216301386?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0892036216301386?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T19:23:31Z","timestamp":1760210611000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0892036216301386"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"references-count":211,"alternative-id":["S0892036216301386"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0892-0362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0892-0362","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Review of preclinical studies on pediatric general anesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neurotoxicology and Teratology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ntt.2016.11.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}