{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T05:07:32Z","timestamp":1778562452515,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590969600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590969600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000222","name":"Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA-5897"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA-5897"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000222","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","nmcd-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,24]],"date-time":"2020-02-24T04:13:52Z","timestamp":1582517632000},"page":"1005-1013","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluating the confounding effects of medical therapies on potassium intake assessment in patients with heart failure"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Bridve","family":"Sivakumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1617-1352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Malta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susanna","family":"Mak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Dash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary E.","family":"Newton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JoAnne","family":"Arcand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010_bib1","first-page":"23","article-title":"Canadian Cardiovascular Society consensus conference recommendations on heart failure 2006: diagnosis and management","volume":"22","author":"Arnold","year":"2006","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.12005","article-title":"Heart failure: preventing disease and death worldwide","volume":"1","author":"Ponikowski","year":"2014","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010_bib3","first-page":"e2","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics--2012 update: a report from the American Heart Association","volume":"125","author":"Roger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.493","article-title":"Non-adherence to ivabradine and placebo and outcomes in chronic heart failure: an analysis from SHIFT","volume":"18","author":"Bohm","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.5152\/akd.2014.5731","article-title":"Mortality in heart failure patients","volume":"15","author":"Bytyci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anatol J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2003.025270","article-title":"Clinical epidemiology of heart failure","volume":"93","author":"Mosterd","year":"2007","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010_bib7","first-page":"1342","article-title":"2017 Comprehensive update of the Canadian cardiovascular society guidelines for the management of heart failure","volume":"33","author":"Ezekowitz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.592","article-title":"2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)","volume":"18","author":"Ponikowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2017.04.014","volume":"23","author":"Yancy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2003.11.020","article-title":"The effect of dietary sodium restriction on neurohumoral activity and renal dopaminergic response in patients with heart failure","volume":"6","author":"Alvelos","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1294","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00738.2005","article-title":"Hemodynamic and neuroendocrine responses to changes in sodium intake in compensated heart failure","volume":"290","author":"Damgaard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3029","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2011.03755.x","article-title":"Adherence to a sodium-restricted diet is associated with lower symptom burden and longer cardiac event-free survival in patients with heart failure","volume":"20","author":"Son","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hft097","article-title":"Salt and fluid restriction is effective in patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"15","author":"Philipson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JCN.0000317433.52210.e0","article-title":"Nutrient intake in heart failure patients","volume":"23","author":"Grossniklaus","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2014.04.009","article-title":"Effect of high potassium diet on endothelial function","volume":"24","author":"Blanch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutr Metabol Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0174967","article-title":"Oral potassium supplementation for management of essential hypertension: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"12","author":"Poorolajal","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)02264-2","article-title":"Double-blind randomised trial of modest salt restriction in older people","volume":"350","author":"Cappuccio","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03540440058033","article-title":"Effects of oral potassium on blood pressure. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials","volume":"277","author":"Whelton","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.108.098319","article-title":"Urinary potassium is a clinically useful test to detect a poor quality diet","volume":"139","author":"Mente","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1152\/advan.00121.2016","article-title":"Physiology and pathophysiology of potassium homeostasis","volume":"40","author":"Palmer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Physiol Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.5.1334","article-title":"Urinary potassium is as reliable as urinary nitrogen for use as a recovery biomarker in dietary studies of free living individuals","volume":"136","author":"Tasevska","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010_bib22","first-page":"315","article-title":"Heart failure and electrolyte disturbances","volume":"14","author":"Schwinger","year":"1992","journal-title":"Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.004457","article-title":"Evaluation of 2 methods for sodium intake assessment in cardiac patients with and without heart failure: the confounding effect of loop diuretics","volume":"93","author":"Arcand","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.06.121","article-title":"The meaning of hypokalemia in heart failure","volume":"158","author":"Bielecka-Dabrowa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010_bib25","first-page":"7","article-title":"Hyperkalemia in heart failure: probably not O\"K\"","author":"Fudim","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90837-8","article-title":"Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement","volume":"1","author":"Bland","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.51.161","article-title":"Sodium and potassium balances in Japanese young adults","volume":"51","author":"Kodama","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Nutr Sci Vitaminol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/40.4.786","article-title":"Sodium and potassium intake and balance in adults consuming self-selected diets","volume":"40","author":"Holbrook","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/42.3.391","article-title":"The measurement of sodium and potassium intake","volume":"42","author":"Caggiula","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2007101142","article-title":"Racial differences in urinary potassium excretion","volume":"19","author":"Turban","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.132951","article-title":"Ultra-long-term human salt balance studies reveal interrelations between sodium, potassium, and chloride intake and excretion","volume":"104","author":"Birukov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4651","DOI":"10.3390\/nu6114651","article-title":"Measuring population sodium intake: a review of methods","volume":"6","author":"McLean","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010_bib33","first-page":"38","article-title":"Dietary assessment methods: dietary records","volume":"31","author":"Ortega","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr Hosp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.02218","article-title":"Measurement error corrected sodium and potassium intake estimation using 24-hour urinary excretion","volume":"63","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169085","article-title":"Use of the method of triads in the validation of sodium and potassium intake in the Brazilian longitudinal study of adult health (ELSA-Brasil)","volume":"11","author":"Pereira","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqx002","article-title":"Comparison of self-reported dietary intakes from the Automated Self-Administered 24-h recall, 4-d food records, and food-frequency questionnaires against recovery biomarkers","volume":"107","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr140","article-title":"Evaluation and comparison of food records, recalls, and frequencies for energy and protein assessment by using recovery biomarkers","volume":"174","author":"Prentice","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2013.04.004","article-title":"Extracellular potassium homeostasis: insights from hypokalemic periodic paralysis","volume":"33","author":"Cheng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1990.295","article-title":"Early and late adjustment to potassium loading in humans","volume":"38","author":"Rabelink","year":"1990","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010_bib40","first-page":"165","article-title":"Adaptation to chronic potassium loading in normal man","volume":"12","author":"Hene","year":"1986","journal-title":"Miner Electrolyte Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.3109\/10408369708998094","article-title":"Digoxin and its related endogenous factors","volume":"34","author":"Jortani","year":"1997","journal-title":"Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199909023411001","article-title":"The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators","volume":"341","author":"Pitt","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2003.10.009","article-title":"Effect of aldosterone blockade in patients with systolic left ventricular dysfunction: implications of the RALES and EPHESUS studies","volume":"217","author":"Pitt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2014.168","article-title":"Management of hyperkalaemia in chronic kidney disease","volume":"10","author":"Kovesdy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.46.6415","article-title":"Analysis of factors causing hyperkalemia","volume":"46","author":"Takaichi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Intern Med"}],"container-title":["Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0939475320300582?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0939475320300582?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T04:08:40Z","timestamp":1778558920000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0939475320300582"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0939475320300582"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0939-4753"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0939-4753","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Evaluating the confounding effects of medical therapies on potassium intake assessment in patients with heart failure","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.02.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Italian Society of Diabetology, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition, and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}