{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T20:14:42Z","timestamp":1777320882044,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001322","name":"South African Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001409","name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["115354"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["115354"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001409","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001409","name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["86895"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["86895"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001409","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["109905"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["109905"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["112141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["112141"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","nmcd-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T11:33:55Z","timestamp":1693308835000},"page":"188-197","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Food intake in South African children and retinal microvascular health: The ExAMIN Youth SA study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7790-7669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vuledzani F.","family":"Maugana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7680-2032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruan","family":"Kruger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5365-1777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Herculina S.","family":"Kruger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henner","family":"Hanssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7101-7331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wayne","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13633-020-0076-7","article-title":"Overweight\/obesity and associated cardiovascular risk factors in sub-Saharan African children and adolescents: a scoping review","volume":"2020","author":"Choukem","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Endocrinol"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.683243","article-title":"High blood pressure trends in children and adolescents in national surveys, 1963 to 2002","volume":"116","author":"Din-Dzietham","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20090544","article-title":"Hypertension in children: new trends and challenges","volume":"119","author":"Feber","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib4","first-page":"31","article-title":"Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents: the South African problem","volume":"108","author":"Rossouw","year":"2012","journal-title":"South Afr J Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchb.2014.05.005","article-title":"Anthropometric variables, lifestyle and sports in school-age children: comparison between the cities of Bologna and Crotone","volume":"65","author":"Toselli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Homo"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib6","first-page":"68","article-title":"Predisposing, facilitating and reinforcing factors of healthy and unhealthy food consumption in schoolchildren: a study in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Global health promotion","volume":"20","author":"Dabon\u00e9","year":"2013"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN2005912","article-title":"Food variety and dietary diversity scores in children: are they good indicators of dietary adequacy?","volume":"9","author":"Steyn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Publ Health Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/86.5.1626","article-title":"Dietary fiber intake and retinal vascular caliber in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study","volume":"86","author":"Kan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1080\/10739680701411080","article-title":"Frequency of fish consumption, retinal microvascular signs and vascular mortality","volume":"15","author":"Kaushik","year":"2008","journal-title":"Microcirculation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.513812","article-title":"Glycemic index, retinal vascular caliber, and stroke mortality","volume":"40","author":"Kaushik","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht023","article-title":"The eye and the heart","volume":"34","author":"Flammer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1564","article-title":"The association of retinal vessel calibres with heart failure and long-term alterations in cardiac structure and function: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study","volume":"21","author":"Chandra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000210533.24338.ea","article-title":"Retinal vessel diameters and risk of stroke: the Rotterdam Study","volume":"66","author":"Ikram","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000199104.61945.33","article-title":"Retinal vessel diameters and risk of hypertension: the Rotterdam Study","volume":"47","author":"Ikram","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.023425","article-title":"Retinal vessel calibers in predicting long-term cardiovascular outcomes: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study","volume":"134","author":"Seidelmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-4090","article-title":"Obesity, blood pressure, and retinal vessels: a meta-analysis","volume":"141","author":"K\u00f6chli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.11872","article-title":"Obesity, high blood pressure, and physical activity determine vascular phenotype in young children: the EXAMIN YOUTH study","volume":"73","author":"K\u00f6chli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15010150","article-title":"Unhealthy lifestyles and retinal vessel calibers among children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0172109","article-title":"Pattern of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and fish consumption and retinal vascular caliber in children and adolescents: a cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Gopinath","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2014.05.014","article-title":"Dairy food consumption, blood pressure and retinal microcirculation in adolescents","volume":"24","author":"Gopinath","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutr Metabol Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwaa070","article-title":"Takeaway food, sugar-sweetened beverages and preclinical cardiometabolic phenotypes in children and adults","volume":"28","author":"Saraf","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2019.04.212","article-title":"Inflammatory diet and preclinical cardiovascular phenotypes in 11-12 year-olds and mid-life adults: a cross-sectional population-based study","volume":"285","author":"Davis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-10-33","article-title":"How diverse is the diet of adult South Africans?","volume":"10","author":"Labadarios","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nutr J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib24","first-page":"462","article-title":"Street foods and fast foods: how much do South Africans of different ethnic groups consume?","volume":"21","author":"Steyn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ethn Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2004.09.007","article-title":"Diet and blood pressure in South Africa: intake of foods containing sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium in three ethnic groups","volume":"21","author":"Charlton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.13329","article-title":"Dietary sodium intake and its relationship to adiposity in young black and white adults: the African-PREDICT study","volume":"20","author":"Crouch","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib27","series-title":"The economics of food choice behavior: why poverty and obesity are linked. Obesity treatment and prevention: new directions","first-page":"95","volume":"73","author":"Drewnowski","year":"2012"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2010.09.005","article-title":"The cost of a healthy diet: a South African perspective","volume":"27","author":"Temple","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.00212","article-title":"The exercise, arterial modulation and nutrition in Youth South Africa study (ExAMIN Youth SA)","volume":"8","author":"Kruger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib30","series-title":"International standards for anthropometric assessment","author":"Stewart","year":"2011"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602090","article-title":"What is the best measure of adiposity change in growing children: BMI, BMI%, BMI z-score or BMI centile?","volume":"59","author":"Cole","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib32","series-title":"A simple guide to classifying body mass index in children","author":"Dinsdale","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1_suppl_1","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S15","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265040251S104","article-title":"The WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study: planning, study design, and methodology","volume":"25","author":"De Onis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Food Nutr Bull"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1001573","article-title":"Both body and arm position significantly influence blood pressure measurement","volume":"17","author":"Netea","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2190","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000002917","article-title":"A demographic approach to assess elevated blood pressure and obesity in prepubescent children: the ExAMIN Youth South Africa study","volume":"39","author":"Kruger","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)90525-0","article-title":"Methods for evaluation of retinal microvascular abnormalities associated with hypertension\/sclerosis in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study","volume":"106","author":"Hubbard","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib37","series-title":"Chronic diseases and health promotion","year":"2008"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980007000936","article-title":"Variety and total number of food items recorded by a true longitudinal group of urban black South African children at five interceptions between 1995 and 2003: the Birth-to-Twenty (Bt20) Study","volume":"11","author":"Pedro","year":"2008","journal-title":"Publ Health Nutr"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2011.11.025","article-title":"Changes in dietary habits and eating practices in adolescents living in urban South Africa: the birth to twenty cohort","volume":"28","author":"Feeley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-2282-4","article-title":"Did HealthKick, a randomised controlled trial primary school nutrition intervention improve dietary quality of children in low-income settings in South Africa?","volume":"15","author":"Steyn","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Publ Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1136\/eb-2015-102129","article-title":"Validity and reliability in quantitative studies","volume":"18","author":"Heale","year":"2015","journal-title":"Evid Base Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0672","article-title":"Measurement of retinal vascular caliber: issues and alternatives to using the arteriole to venule ratio","volume":"48","author":"Liew","year":"2007","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2010.07.008","article-title":"A systematic review of the validity of dietary assessment methods in children when compared with the method of doubly labeled water","volume":"110","author":"Burrows","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/s40795-022-00607-7","article-title":"Dietary patterns and childhood stunting in Zimbabwe","volume":"8","author":"Marume","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2019.05.013","article-title":"Relationship between dietary patterns and stunting in preschool children: a cohort analysis from Kwale, Kenya","volume":"173","author":"Tanaka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Publ Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9090990","article-title":"Tracking dietary patterns over 20 years from childhood through adolescence into young adulthood: the saskatchewan pediatric bone mineral accrual study","volume":"9","author":"Movassagh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/66.5.1264","article-title":"An insulin index of foods: the insulin demand generated by 1000-kJ portions of common foods","volume":"66","author":"Holt","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/62.4.871S","article-title":"International tables of glycemic index","volume":"62","author":"Foster-Powell","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/84.1.70","article-title":"Relations of glycemic index and glycemic load with plasma oxidative stress markers","volume":"84","author":"Hu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.05948","article-title":"High salt intake: independent risk factor for obesity?","volume":"66","author":"Ma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954422408110976","article-title":"Sugar-sweetened soft drinks and obesity: a systematic review of the evidence from observational studies and interventions","volume":"21","author":"Gibson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nutr Res Rev"},{"issue":"sup3","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e353","DOI":"10.3109\/17477166.2010.500390","article-title":"Effect of obesity on retinal vascular structure in pre-adolescent children","volume":"6","author":"Gopinath","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Obes"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2374","article-title":"Dietary recommendations for children and adolescents: a guide for practitioners","volume":"117","author":"Gidding","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-014-0446-9","article-title":"Latest evidence of the effects of the Mediterranean diet in prevention of cardiovascular disease","volume":"16","author":"Chiva-Blanch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Atherosclerosis Rep"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.16.1897","article-title":"Dietary fiber intake and reduced risk of coronary heart disease in US men and women: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study","volume":"163","author":"Bazzano","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/135.4.900","article-title":"Food choices and diet costs: an economic analysis","volume":"135","author":"Drewnowski","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/micc.12714","article-title":"Socioeconomic inequalities, modifiable lifestyle risk factors, and retinal vessel calibers: the African-PREDICT Study","volume":"28","author":"Maugana","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microcirculation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.031641","article-title":"Carbohydrate nutrition is associated with changes in the retinal vascular structure and branching pattern in children","volume":"95","author":"Gopinath","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e345","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12941","article-title":"Dietary patterns and retinal vascular calibre in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes","volume":"94","author":"Keel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.14695","article-title":"Retinal vessel diameters and blood pressure progression in children","volume":"76","author":"Lona","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0167338","article-title":"Reproducibility and validity of a food frequency questionnaire designed to assess diet in children aged 4-5 years","volume":"11","author":"Vioque","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0939475323003368?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0939475323003368?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T16:27:25Z","timestamp":1760545645000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0939475323003368"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0939475323003368"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["0939-4753"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0939-4753","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Food intake in South African children and retinal microvascular health: The ExAMIN Youth SA study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.08.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Italian Diabetes Society, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}