{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T00:23:24Z","timestamp":1773447804962,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,1]],"date-time":"2009-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1246406400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,1]],"date-time":"2009-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1246406400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,12]],"date-time":"2023-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5155,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["neurotherapeuticsjournal.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurotherapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,27]],"date-time":"2009-06-27T05:05:00Z","timestamp":1246079100000},"page":"587-597","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Biology and Treatment of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Alain P.","family":"Algazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cigall","family":"Kadoch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James L.","family":"Rubenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpneuro0395","article-title":"Primary CNS lymphoma","volume":"3","author":"Hochberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-119-11-199312010-00007","article-title":"Primary central nervous system lymphoma","volume":"119","author":"Fine","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/88.10.675","article-title":"AIDS\/Cancer Study Group","volume":"88","author":"Cote","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.21562","article-title":"Changes in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: incidence, presentation, treatment, and survival","volume":"106","author":"Diamond","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2006.21.5.2","article-title":"Molecular pathogenesis of primary central nervous system lymphoma","volume":"21","author":"Kadoch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65526-5","article-title":"Primary central nervous system lymphomas are derived from germinal-center B cells and show a preferential usage of the V4-34 gene segment","volume":"155","author":"Montesinos-Rongen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-03-1024","article-title":"A uniform activated B-cell-like immunophenotype might explain the poor prognosis of primary central nervous system lymphomas: analysis of 83 cases","volume":"107","author":"Camilleri-Bro\u00ebt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-05-1699","article-title":"Comparison of the expression and prognostic significance of differentiation markers between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of central nervous system origin and peripheral nodal origin","volume":"12","author":"Lin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3716","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-03-0897","article-title":"Gene expression and angiotropism in primary CNS lymphoma","volume":"107","author":"Rubenstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-05-1465","article-title":"Primary diffuse large B-cell lymphomas of the central nervous system are targeted by aberrant somatic hypermutation","volume":"103","author":"Montesinos-Rongen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib11","article-title":"Gene expression profile analysis of primary CNS lymphoma: class distinction and outcome prediction","volume":"45","author":"Rubenstein","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3200","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-10-119099","article-title":"Pathway analysis of primary central nervous system lymphoma","volume":"111","author":"Tun","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1105693","article-title":"RGS1 and RGS13 mRNA silencing in a human B lymphoma line enhances responsiveness to chemoattractants and impairs desensitization","volume":"79","author":"Han","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.1998.tb00152.x","article-title":"Frequent inactivation of CDKN2A and rare mutation of TP53 in PCNSL","volume":"8","author":"Cobbers","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2005.05.012","article-title":"Pathology and genetics of primary central nervous system and intraocular lymphoma","volume":"19","author":"Rubenstein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-4608(00)00377-0","article-title":"Distinct primary central nervous system lymphoma defined by comparative genomic hybridization and laser scanning cytometry","volume":"125","author":"Harada","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Genet Cytogenet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib17","first-page":"737","article-title":"Novel tumor suppressor loci on 6q22-23 in primary central nervous system lymphomas","volume":"63","author":"Nakamura","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R49","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI7830","article-title":"BCA-1 is highly expressed in Helicobacter pylori-induced mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue and gastric lymphoma","volume":"104","author":"Mazzucchelli","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-05-1576","article-title":"Expression of B-cell-attracting chemokine 1 (CXCL13) by malignant lymphocytes and vascular endothelium in primary central nervous system lymphoma","volume":"101","author":"Smith","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1999.17.2.554","article-title":"Value of combined approach with thallium-201 single-photon emission computed tomography and Epstein-Barr virus DNA polymerase chain reaction in CSF for the diagnosis of AIDS-related primary CNS lymphoma","volume":"17","author":"Antinori","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280260422730","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus DNA load in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of patients with AIDS-related lymphoma","volume":"8","author":"Bossolasco","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e31818beaea","article-title":"Epstein Barr virus-associated primary CNS lymphomas in elderly patients on immunosuppressive medications","volume":"67","author":"Kleinschmidt-DeMasters","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00838048","article-title":"The role of immunosuppression in lymphoma formation","volume":"20","author":"Penn","year":"1998","journal-title":"Springer Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3325","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2000.18.19.3325","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus infection is predictive of CNS involvement in systemic AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphomas","volume":"18","author":"Cingolani","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.12.1053","article-title":"Protein biomarker identification in the CSF of patients with CNS lymphoma","volume":"26","author":"Roy","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.10643","article-title":"Decreasing incidence rates of primary central nervous system lymphoma","volume":"95","author":"Kadan-Lottick","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006290032052","article-title":"Epidemiology of primary CNS lymphoma","volume":"43","author":"Schabet","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199501000-00016","article-title":"Central nervous system lymphomas in organ allograft recipients","volume":"59","author":"Penn","year":"1995","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.10851","article-title":"The continuing increase in the incidence of primary central nervous system non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results analysis","volume":"95","author":"Olson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib30","unstructured":"Hochberg FH, Batchelor T, Loeffler JS. Clinical presentation, pathologic features, and diagnosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma. Available at: http:\/\/www.uptodate.com. Last updated: Nov. 13, 2008; last literature review version 17.1: January 2009. Accessed April 24, 2009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2004.05028.x","article-title":"Ocular presentation of primary central nervous system lymphoma: diagnosis and treatment","volume":"126","author":"Hormigo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000134850.35118.46","article-title":"Pseudouveitis: a clue to the diagnosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma in immunocompetent patients","volume":"83","author":"Park","year":"2004","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.3.393","article-title":"MRI features of primary central nervous system lymphomas at presentation","volume":"57","author":"B\u00fchring","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2231010594","article-title":"Intracranial mass lesions: dynamic contrast-enhanced susceptibility-weighted echo-planar perfusion MR imaging","volume":"223","author":"Cha","year":"2002","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2241010637","article-title":"Lymphomas and high-grade astrocytomas: comparison of water diffusibility and histologic characteristics","volume":"224","author":"Guo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.1261","article-title":"Monitoring response to chemotherapy of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma xenografts by T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted MRI","volume":"21","author":"Huang","year":"2008","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410380212","article-title":"Leptomeningeal tumor in primary central nervous system lymphoma: recognition, significance, and implications","volume":"38","author":"Balmaceda","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.04.8819","article-title":"Primary CNS lymphoma","volume":"24","author":"Batchelor","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2005.05.009","article-title":"Clinical features and diagnosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma","volume":"19","author":"Fitzsimmons","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-123-8-199510150-00005","article-title":"Evaluating contrast-enhancing brain lesions in patients with AIDS by using positron emission tomography","volume":"123","author":"Pierce","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1998.89.1.0031","article-title":"Incidence of silent hemorrhage and delayed deterioration after stereotactic brain biopsy","volume":"89","author":"Kulkarni","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-003-0093-3","article-title":"CT-guided stereotactic biopsies of brain stem lesions: personal experience and literature review","volume":"24","author":"Boviatsis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib43","first-page":"183","article-title":"Failed stereotactic biopsy in a series of 518 cases","volume":"64","author":"Soo","year":"1995","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006254518848","article-title":"Glucocorticoid treatment of primary CNS lymphoma","volume":"43","author":"Weller","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib45","unstructured":"National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: central nervous system cancers. Available at: http:\/\/www.nccn.org\/professionals\/physician_gls\/f_guidelines.asp. Accessed April 24, 2009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4754","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.06.7165","article-title":"Detection of subclinical systemic disease in primary CNS lymphoma by polymerase chain reaction of the rearranged immunoglobulin heavy-chain genes","volume":"24","author":"Jahnke","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.09.139","article-title":"Prognostic scoring system for primary CNS lymphomas: the International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group experience","volume":"21","author":"Ferreri","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1998.16.3.859","article-title":"Long-term survival in primary CNS lymphoma","volume":"16","author":"Abrey","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2004.10.002","article-title":"Surgical removal of primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL) presenting as space occupying lesions: a series of 33 cases","volume":"31","author":"Bellinzona","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197410)34:4<1293::AID-CNCR2820340441>3.0.CO;2-P","article-title":"Primary malignant lymphomas of the central nervous system","volume":"34","author":"Henry","year":"1974","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1986.65.5.0600","article-title":"Primary malignant lymphoma of the central nervous system: results of treatment of 11 cases and review of the literature","volume":"65","author":"Murray","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib52","first-page":"63","article-title":"Current management of primary central nervous system lymphoma","volume":"9","author":"DeAngelis","year":"1995","journal-title":"Oncology (Williston Park)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(92)90538-S","article-title":"Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the brain: can high dose, large volume radiation therapy improve survival?","volume":"23","author":"Nelson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.62.4.544","article-title":"Cognitive status and quality of life after treatment for primary CNS lymphoma","volume":"62","author":"Harder","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2002.20.1.231","article-title":"Importance of radiotherapy in the outcome of patients with primary CNS lymphoma: an analysis of the CHOD\/BVAM regimen followed by two different radiotherapy treatments","volume":"20","author":"Bessell","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1992.10.4.635","article-title":"Combined modality therapy for primary CNS lymphoma","volume":"10","author":"DeAngelis","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.62.10.1595","article-title":"Delayed neurotoxicity in primary central nervous system lymphoma","volume":"62","author":"Omuro","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4643","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2002.11.013","article-title":"Combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy for primary central nervous system lymphoma: Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Study 93-10","volume":"20","author":"DeAngelis","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4730","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.12.5062","article-title":"Combined immunochemotherapy with reduced whole-brain radiotherapy for newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma","volume":"25","author":"Shah","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-008-9716-0","article-title":"Prospective cognitive follow-up in primary CNS lymphoma patients treated with chemotherapy and reduced-dose radiotherapy","volume":"91","author":"Correa","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4483","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.03.108","article-title":"High-dose methotrexate-based chemotherapy followed by consolidating radiotherapy in non-AIDS-related primary central nervous system lymphoma: European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Lymphoma Group Phase II Trial 20962","volume":"21","author":"Poortmans","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19800401)45:7<1556::AID-CNCR2820450707>3.0.CO;2-B","article-title":"Successful treatment of recurrent primary central nervous system lymphoma with high-dose methotrexate","volume":"45","author":"Ervin","year":"1980","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197610)38:4<1476::AID-CNCR2820380405>3.0.CO;2-J","article-title":"Successful therapy with methotrexate of a multicentric mixed lymphoma of the central nervous system","volume":"38","author":"Herbst","year":"1976","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(95)00207-F","article-title":"Primary central nervous system non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: survival advantages with combined initial therapy?","volume":"33","author":"O'Neill","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1996.14.2.556","article-title":"Preirradiation chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and dexamethasone for primary CNS lymphomas: initial report of radiation therapy oncology group protocol 88-06","volume":"14","author":"Schultz","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197507242930402","article-title":"Methotrexate: distribution in cerebrospinal fluid after intravenous, ventricular and lumbar injections","volume":"293","author":"Shapiro","year":"1975","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1998.16.4.1561","article-title":"High-dose intravenous methotrexate for patients with nonleukemic leptomeningeal cancer: is intrathecal chemotherapy necessary?","volume":"16","author":"Glantz","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016077907952","article-title":"Is intrathecal methotrexate necessary in the treatment of primary CNS lymphoma?","volume":"58","author":"Khan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(20000201)88:3<637::AID-CNCR22>3.0.CO;2-Y","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of a multicenter study using intraarterial chemotherapy in conjunction with osmotic opening of the blood\u2013brain barrier for the treatment of patients with malignant brain tumors","volume":"88","author":"Doolittle","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1093\/neurosurgery\/46.1.51","article-title":"Cognitive outcomes and long-term follow-up results after enhanced chemotherapy delivery for primary central nervous system lymphoma","volume":"46","author":"McAllister","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.46.6.1757","article-title":"Therapy of primary CNS lymphoma with methotrexate-based chemotherapy and deferred radiotherapy: preliminary results","volume":"46","author":"Cher","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006210703827","article-title":"Intravenous methotrexate as initial treatment for primary central nervous system lymphoma: response to therapy and quality of life of patients","volume":"43","author":"Guha-Thakurta","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.03.036","article-title":"Treatment of primary CNS lymphoma with methotrexate and deferred radiotherapy: a report of NABTT 96-07","volume":"21","author":"Batchelor","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20495","article-title":"NOA-03 trial of high-dose methotrexate in primary central nervous system lymphoma: final report","volume":"57","author":"Herrlinger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2004.03.008","article-title":"Salvage chemotherapy with temozolomide in primary CNS lymphomas: preliminary results of a phase II trial","volume":"40","author":"Reni","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6603660","article-title":"Temozolomide as salvage treatment in primary brain lymphomas","volume":"96","author":"Reni","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011795","article-title":"CHOP chemotherapy plus rituximab compared with CHOP alone in elderly patients with diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma","volume":"346","author":"Coiffier","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-06-1636","article-title":"Rituximab therapy for CNS lymphomas: targeting the leptomeningeal compartment","volume":"101","author":"Rubenstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1097\/01.cad.0000236313.50833.ee","article-title":"Ratio of trastuzumab levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid is altered in HER2-positive breast cancer patients with brain metastases and impairment of blood\u2013brain barrier","volume":"18","author":"Stemmler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anticancer Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib80","series-title":"Treatment of primary CNS lymphoma with induction high-dose methotrexate, temozolomide, rituximab followed by consolidation cytarabine\/etoposide: a pilot study with biomarker analysis","author":"Issa","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4489","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.04.056","article-title":"Primary central nervous system lymphoma: results of a pilot and phase II study of systemic and intraventricular chemotherapy with deferred radiotherapy","volume":"21","author":"Pels","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-008-9712-4","article-title":"Early relapses in primary CNS lymphoma after response to polychemotherapy without intraventricular treatment: results of a phase II study","volume":"91","author":"Pels","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4151","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.05.024","article-title":"Intensive methotrexate and cytarabine followed by high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem-cell rescue in patients with newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma: an intent-to-treat analysis","volume":"21","author":"Abrey","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdl458","volume":"18","author":"Montemurro","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2512","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.13.5533","article-title":"Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Fran\u00e7aise de Greffe de Mo\u00eblle Osseuse-Th\u00e9rapie Cellulaire","volume":"26","author":"Soussain","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5643","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-04-0159","article-title":"Treatment of relapsed central nervous system lymphoma with high-dose methotrexate","volume":"10","author":"Plotkin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.8.1707","article-title":"PCV salvage chemotherapy for recurrent primary CNS lymphoma","volume":"54","author":"Herrlinger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.01.161","article-title":"Results of whole-brain radiation as salvage of methotrexate failure for immunocompetent patients with primary CNS lymphoma","volume":"23","author":"Nguyen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-005-7698-8","article-title":"Initial experiences of palliative stereotactic radiosurgery for recurrent brain lymphomas","volume":"77","author":"Sakamoto","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.09.7311","article-title":"Phase I study of intraventricular administration of rituximab in patients with recurrent CNS and intraocular lymphoma","volume":"25","author":"Rubenstein","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-008-9707-1","article-title":"Recurrent lymphomatous meningitis treated with intra-CSF rituximab and liposomal ara-C","volume":"91","author":"Chamberlain","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)70444-1","article-title":"Intraocular levels of methotrexate after intravenous administration","volume":"121","author":"de Smet","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib93","first-page":"711","article-title":"High-dose methotrexate for intraocular lymphoma","volume":"9","author":"Batchelor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19860401)57:7<1273::AID-CNCR2820570702>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"Treatment of intraocular lymphoma with high-dose Ara-C","volume":"57","author":"Baumann","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000327672.04729.8c","article-title":"Primary CNS lymphoma with intraocular involvement: International PCNSL Collaborative Group Report","volume":"71","author":"Grimm","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e318192f574","article-title":"Rituximab for intraocular lymphoma","volume":"29","author":"Itty","year":"2009","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2005.09.018","article-title":"The pharmacokinetics of rituximab following an intravitreal injection","volume":"82","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.126.7.1002","article-title":"Effect of intravitreous rituximab injections in patients with recurrent ocular lesions associated with central nervous system lymphoma","volume":"126","author":"Ohguro","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-04-152835","article-title":"Differential gene expression in central nervous system lymphoma","volume":"113","author":"Rubenstein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"}],"container-title":["Neurotherapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878747923003598?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878747923003598?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.springerlink.com\/index\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T06:37:39Z","timestamp":1761806259000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1878747923003598"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"references-count":99,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1878747923003598"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["1878-7479"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1878-7479","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Biology and Treatment of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neurotherapeutics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.04.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2009 The American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, Inc. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}