{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T15:01:42Z","timestamp":1790780502184,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11-12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,1]],"date-time":"2009-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1257033600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,9]],"date-time":"2009-10-09T11:23:58Z","timestamp":1255087438000},"page":"1177-1185","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Therapeutic role of low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet in diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Alaa","family":"Al-Khalifa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thazhumpal Chacko","family":"Mathew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naji S.","family":"Al-Zaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Mathew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hussein M.","family":"Dashti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8227(98)00104-1","article-title":"Non-insulin-dependent diabetes in Kuwait: prevalence rates and associated risk factors","volume":"42","author":"Abdella","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s005920050156","article-title":"Impact of the 1997 American diabetes association criteria on classification of glucose tolerance among Kuwaitis below 50 years of age","volume":"36","author":"Abdella","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.R500002-MCP200","article-title":"Unraveling the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes with proteomics","volume":"4","author":"Sparre","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Cell Proteomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1900\/RDS.2004.1.5","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications: from the molecular biology to the clinical practice","volume":"1","author":"Malecki","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rev Diabet Stud"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.4065\/76.6.609","article-title":"Glycemic control, mealtime glucose excursions and diabetic complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"76","author":"Palumbo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib6","first-page":"536","article-title":"The mechanism of alloxan and streptozotocin action in B cells of the rat pancreas","volume":"50","author":"Szkudelski","year":"2001","journal-title":"Physiol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5605","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.21.16.5605-5613.2001","article-title":"Increased susceptibility to streptozotocin-induced \u03b2-cell apoptosis and delayed autoimmine diabetes in alkylpurine-DNA- N-glycosylase-deficient mice","volume":"21","author":"Cardinal","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02355886","article-title":"Regulation of proinsulin synthesis in pancreatic islets and a new aspect to insulin dependent diabetes","volume":"37","author":"Okamato","year":"1981","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-1211(02)00086-4","article-title":"An anticonvulsant profile of the ketogenic diet in the rat","volume":"50","author":"Bough","year":"2002","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib10","first-page":"200","article-title":"Long term effects of ketogenic diet in obese subjects","volume":"9","author":"Dashti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(03)00161-8","article-title":"Ketogenic diet modifies the risk factors for heart disease in obese patients","volume":"19","author":"Dashti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib12","first-page":"179","article-title":"Lasting improvement of hyperglycaemia and bodyweight: low-carbohydrate diet in type 2 diabetes","volume":"110","author":"Neilsen","year":"2005","journal-title":"A brief report. Ups J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2005.10.003","article-title":"The ketogenic diet: from molecular mechanisms to clinical effects","volume":"68","author":"Freeman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S535","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/67.3.535S","article-title":"Manipulation of dietary fat and energy density and subsequent effects on substrate flux and food intake","volume":"67","author":"Prentice","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.2143\/AC.62.4.2022282","article-title":"Low carbohydrate ketogenic diet enhances cardiac tolerance to global ischaemia","volume":"62","author":"Al-Zaid","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM195504212521604","article-title":"Comparison between weight reduction on a high calorie, high fat diet and on an isocaloric regimen high in carbohydrate","volume":"252","author":"Sydney","year":"1955","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S97","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114500001021","article-title":"Dietary carbohydrates and insulin action in humans","volume":"83","author":"Wolever","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.5414\/TEP23231","article-title":"Alteration of brain zinc level in rat pups of zinc supplemented mothers","volume":"23","author":"Mathew","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trace Elements and Electrolytes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2003.11.010","article-title":"Antidiabetic influence of quercetin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats","volume":"24","author":"Shetty","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nutr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2006.04.004","article-title":"Modulation of the flux patterns in carbohydrate metabolism in the livers of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by dietary caloric restriction","volume":"54","author":"Ugochukwu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib21","series-title":"Experimental models of diabetes","author":"McNeill","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib22","series-title":"Carlton's histological technique","author":"Drury","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.2.348","article-title":"Treatment of type 2 diabetes in childhood using a very low calorie diet","volume":"27","author":"Willi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-7075-2-34","article-title":"A low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet to treat type 2 diabetes","volume":"2","author":"Yancy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nutr Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2006.08.006","article-title":"Low-carbohydrate and high-fat intake among adult patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"22","author":"Ma","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-007-9448-z","article-title":"Beneficial effects of ketogenic diet in obese diabetic subjects","volume":"302","author":"Dashti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-004-1603-4","article-title":"Comparison of high-fat and high-protein diets with high-carbohydrate diet in insulin-resistant obese women","volume":"48","author":"McAuley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.9.2375","article-title":"Effect of a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet on blood glucose control in people with type 2 diabetes","volume":"53","author":"Gannon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(92)90111-M","article-title":"A high-monounsaturated-fat\/low-carbohydrate diet improves peripheral insulin sensitivity in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients","volume":"41","author":"Parillo","year":"1992","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6193","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1041","article-title":"A low-carbohydrate\/high-fat diet improves glucoregulation in type 2 diabetes mellitus by reducing postabsorptive glycogenolysis","volume":"89","author":"Allick","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00290494","article-title":"Metabolic and hormonal investigations in long-term Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats on different dietary regimens","volume":"18","author":"Schmidt","year":"1980","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02624670","article-title":"Effects of a high protein diet on the evolution of diabetes in streptozotocin-induced and spontaneously diabetic \u201cBB\u201d Wistar rats","volume":"23","author":"Eizirik","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol Lat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(90)90132-V","article-title":"Effects of ketone bodies on carbohydrate metabolism in non-insulin-dependent (type II) diabetes mellitus","volume":"39","author":"Henry","year":"1990","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI111408","article-title":"Effect of ketone bodies on glucose production and utilization in the miniature pig","volume":"74","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib35","first-page":"103","article-title":"The influence of diet and insulin on the incidence of cataracts in diabetic rats","volume":"24","author":"Rodriguez","year":"1951","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(80)90166-3","article-title":"Beneficial effects of low-carbohydrate\u2014high protein diets in long-term diabetic rats","volume":"29","author":"Siegel","year":"1980","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3577","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030419","article-title":"The metabolic response of subjects with type 2 diabetes to a high-protein, weight-maintenance diet","volume":"88","author":"Nuttall","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib38","first-page":"8","article-title":"Effect of high protein carbohydrate free diet on the evolution of diabetes mellitus on in rats","volume":"19","author":"Mostafa","year":"1993","journal-title":"Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197103112841004","article-title":"Improved glucose tolerance with high carbohydrate feeding in mild diabetes","volume":"284","author":"Brunzell","year":"1971","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02573821","article-title":"Effects of diet on the cellular insulin binding and the insulin sensitivity in young healthy subjects","volume":"15","author":"Beck-Nielsen","year":"1978","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib41","first-page":"E576","article-title":"Fat feeding causes widespread in vivo insulin resistance, decreased energy expenditure and obesity in rats","volume":"251","author":"Storlien","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(87)90182-X","article-title":"Effect of short-term consumption of a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet on metabolic control in insulin-deficient diabetic rats","volume":"36","author":"Chisholm","year":"1987","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2008.06.009","article-title":"Effect of two carbohydrate-modified tube-feeding formulas on metabolic responses in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"24","author":"Voss","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jmicro.a023859","article-title":"An ultrastructural study on the effect of streptozotocin on the islets of Langerhans in mice","volume":"49","author":"Aughsteen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Electron Microsc (Tokyo)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114508894408","article-title":"Effect of the dietary fat quality on insulin sensitivity","volume":"100","author":"Galgani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.45.5.569","article-title":"Potentiation of effects of weight loss by monounsaturated fatty acids in obese NIDDM patients","volume":"45","author":"Low","year":"1996","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00251273","article-title":"Non-enzymatically glycosylated serum protein in diabetes mellitus: an index of short-term glycaemia","volume":"21","author":"Kennedy","year":"1981","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/43.6.968","article-title":"Evaluation of the Menarini-Arkray, HA 8140 hemoglobin A1c analyzer","volume":"43","author":"John","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.58.5.713","article-title":"Ketonic diet in the management of pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency","volume":"58","author":"Falk","year":"1976","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2005.10.003","article-title":"The ketogenic diet: from molecular mechanisms to clinical effects","volume":"68","author":"Freeman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"}],"container-title":["Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0899900709001774?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0899900709001774?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,27]],"date-time":"2023-05-27T03:09:55Z","timestamp":1685156995000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0899900709001774"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11-12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0899900709001774"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nut.2009.04.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-9007"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0899-9007","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]}}}