{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T01:12:00Z","timestamp":1768007520885,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","nutritionjrnl.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,26]],"date-time":"2015-07-26T11:33:30Z","timestamp":1437910410000},"page":"114-121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Leucine improves growth performance of intrauterine growth retardation piglets by modifying gene and protein expression related to protein synthesis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Wen","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaiwen","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jintian","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weipeng","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1017\/S175173111400069X","article-title":"Identifying the limitations for growth in low performing piglets from birth until 10 weeks of age","volume":"8","author":"Paredes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1884","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731113001419","article-title":"Effect of average litter weight in pigs on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of the offspring as depending on birth weight","volume":"7","author":"Pardo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2316","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2006-156","article-title":"Board-invited review: intrauterine growth retardation: implications for the animal sciences","volume":"84","author":"Wu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2280","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2013-7388","article-title":"Management strategies to improve the performance of low birth weight pigs to weaning and their long-term consequences","volume":"92","author":"Douglas","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.2527\/2006.8413_supplE113x","article-title":"Consequences of birth weight for postnatal growth performance and carcass quality in pigs as related to myogenesis","volume":"Suppl 84","author":"Rehfeldt","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.2741\/3798","article-title":"Regulation of protein synthesis by amino acids in muscle of neonates","volume":"16","author":"Suryawan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2013.12.007","article-title":"Whey protein modifies gene expression related to protein metabolism affecting muscle weight in resistance-exercised rats","volume":"30","author":"Haraguchi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2011.03.031","article-title":"Ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and cellular responses to oxidative stress","volume":"51","author":"Shang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-15-166","article-title":"Regulation of ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy pathways after acute LPS and epoxomicin administration in mice","volume":"15","author":"Jamart","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-014-0783-8","article-title":"Temporal study following burn injury in young rats is associated with skeletal muscle atrophy, inflammation and altered myogenic regulatory factors","volume":"64","author":"Quintana","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inflamm Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3611","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-014-3225-3","article-title":"Amino acids modulates the intestinal proteome associated with immune and stress response in weaning pig","volume":"41","author":"Ren","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-010-0612-5","article-title":"Supplementing L-leucine to a low-protein diet increases tissue protein synthesis in weanling pigs","volume":"39","author":"Yin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"issue":"Suppl 13","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E195","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2009-2446","article-title":"Impacts of\u00a0amino acid nutrition on pregnancy outcome in pigs: mechanisms and\u00a0implications for swine production","volume":"88","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-1891-5-8","article-title":"Regulation of protein degradation pathways by amino acids and insulin in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs","volume":"5","author":"Suryawan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.90314.2008","article-title":"Leucine stimulates protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs by\u00a0enhancing mTORC1 activation","volume":"295","author":"Suryawan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00428.2010","article-title":"The abundance and activation of mTORC1 regulators in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs are modulated by insulin, amino acids, and age","volume":"109","author":"Suryawan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1369\/0022155414532655","article-title":"Intrauterine growth restriction impairs small intestinal mucosal immunity in neonatal piglets","volume":"62","author":"Dong","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2216","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2008-1662","article-title":"L-Carnitine supplementation during suckling intensifies the early postnatal skeletal myofiber formation in piglets of low birth weight","volume":"87","author":"Losel","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2011-4234","article-title":"Effects of limited and excess protein intakes of pregnant gilts on carcass quality and cellular properties of skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue in fattening pigs","volume":"90","author":"Rehfeldt","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2527\/1995.731159x","article-title":"Effects of excess dietary leucine and leucine catabolites on growth and immune responses in weanling pigs","volume":"73","author":"Gatnau","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1987.6461664x","article-title":"Amino acid excesses for young pigs: effects of excess methionine, tryptophan, threonine or leucine","volume":"64","author":"Edmonds","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545341","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/545341","article-title":"Accelerated growth rate induced by\u00a0neonatal high-protein milk formula is not supported by increased tissue\u00a0protein synthesis in low-birth-weight piglets","volume":"2012","author":"Jamin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Nutr Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.2527\/1997.753604x","article-title":"Effects of dietary energy intake and protein concentration on performance and visceral organ mass in lambs","volume":"75","author":"Fluharty","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0940-2993(98)80071-7","article-title":"Body weight distribution and organ size in newborn swine (sus scrofa domestica)\u2014a study describing an animal model for asymmetrical intrauterine growth retardation","volume":"50","author":"Bauer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Exp Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1159\/000084645","article-title":"Effects of intrauterine growth retardation on development of the gastrointestinal tract in neonatal pigs","volume":"88","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol Neonate"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/138.1.60","article-title":"Intrauterine growth restriction affects the proteomes of the small intestine, liver, and skeletal muscle in newborn pigs","volume":"138","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199402000-00018","article-title":"Impact of intrauterine growth retardation on the gastrointestinal tract and the pancreas in newborn pigs","volume":"18","author":"Xu","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00013427","article-title":"Altered renal function in growth-restricted newborn piglets","volume":"14","author":"Bauer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.111.146266","article-title":"Leucine is essential for attenuating fetal growth restriction caused by a protein-restricted diet in rats","volume":"142","author":"Teodoro","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2944","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.10.2944","article-title":"Dysfunction of mitochondria in human skeletal muscle in type 2 diabetes","volume":"51","author":"Kelley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e34835","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0034835","article-title":"Intrauterine growth retardation increases the susceptibility of pigs to high-fat diet-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19700101","article-title":"Blood urea measurement as a technique for assessing protein quality","volume":"24","author":"Eggum","year":"1970","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/128.9.1517","article-title":"Dietary amino acids are the preferential source of hepatic protein synthesis in piglets","volume":"128","author":"Stoll","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199607000-00008","article-title":"Relative kinetics of phenylalanine and leucine in low birth weight infants during nutrient administration","volume":"40","author":"van Toledo-Eppinga","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2014.04.019","article-title":"Requirement for lysosomal localization of mTOR for its activation differs between leucine and other amino acids","volume":"26","author":"Averous","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/135.3.376","article-title":"Oral leucine administration stimulates protein synthesis in rat skeletal muscle","volume":"135","author":"Crozier","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00177.2003","article-title":"Alcohol impairs leucine-mediated phosphorylation of 4 E-BP1, S6 K1, eIF4 G, and mTOR in skeletal muscle","volume":"285","author":"Lang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.9.2074","article-title":"Acute oral leucine administration stimulates protein synthesis during chronic sepsis through enhanced association of eukaryotic initiation factor 4 G with eukaryotic initiation factor 4 E in rats","volume":"137","author":"Vary","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2010.02.001","article-title":"Leucine supplementation in rats induced a delay in muscle IR\/PI3 K signaling pathway associated with overall impaired glucose tolerance","volume":"22","author":"Balage","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21187","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021187","article-title":"Dietary leucine\u2014an environmental modifier of insulin resistance acting on multiple levels of metabolism","volume":"6","author":"Macotela","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e85283","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0085283","article-title":"Leucine supplementation improves skeletal muscle regeneration after cryolesion in rats","volume":"9","author":"Pereira","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2007.11.004","article-title":"FoxO3 coordinately activates protein degradation by the autophagic\/lysosomal and proteasomal pathways in atrophying muscle cells","volume":"6","author":"Zhao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00027.2001","article-title":"The ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway: destruction for the sake of construction","volume":"82","author":"Glickman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2012.07.005","article-title":"Branched-chain amino acids reduce hindlimb suspension-induced muscle atrophy and protein levels of atrogin-1 and MuRF1 in rats","volume":"32","author":"Maki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2008.06.004","article-title":"Branched-chain amino acids and arginine suppress MaFbx\/atrogin-1 mRNA expression via mTOR pathway in C2 C12 cell line","volume":"1780","author":"Herningtyas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1065874","article-title":"Identification of ubiquitin ligases required for skeletal muscle atrophy","volume":"294","author":"Bodine","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108201","article-title":"Leucine. A possible regulator of protein turnover in muscle","volume":"56","author":"Buse","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00353.2011","article-title":"Intake of branched-chain amino acids influences the levels of MAFbx mRNA and MuRF-1 total protein in resting and exercising human muscle","volume":"302","author":"Borgenvik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2007.11.001","article-title":"FoxO3 controls autophagy in skeletal muscle in\u00a0vivo","volume":"6","author":"Mammucari","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R105","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-13-0616","article-title":"Nutrient regulation of insulin secretion and action","volume":"221","author":"Newsholme","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-0123","article-title":"Increasing dietary leucine intake reduces diet-induced obesity and improves glucose and cholesterol metabolism in mice via multimechanisms","volume":"56","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib53","first-page":"93","article-title":"Synergistic effects of metformin, resveratrol, and hydroxymethylbutyrate on insulin sensitivity","volume":"6","author":"Bruckbauer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.10.024","article-title":"mTOR and S6 K1 mediate assembly of the translation preinitiation complex through dynamic protein interchange and ordered phosphorylation events","volume":"123","author":"Holz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell"}],"container-title":["Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0899900715002890?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0899900715002890?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]],"date-time":"2019-08-28T14:59:46Z","timestamp":1567004386000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0899900715002890"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0899900715002890"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-9007"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0899-9007","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Leucine improves growth performance of intrauterine growth retardation piglets by modifying gene and protein expression related to protein synthesis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nut.2015.07.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}