{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:18:57Z","timestamp":1791591537781,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007537","name":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,22]],"date-time":"2018-11-22T05:41:00Z","timestamp":1542865260000},"page":"81-86","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Higher serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 in old patients with cachexia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"63-64","author":[{"given":"Kristina","family":"Franz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1811-2049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Ost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsey","family":"Otten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catrin","family":"Herpich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Verena","family":"Coleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Sophie","family":"Endres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Klaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ursula","family":"M\u00fcller-Werdan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Norman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4781(00)00067-1","article-title":"Identification of a novel FGF, FGF-21, preferentially expressed in the liver","volume":"1492","author":"Nishimura","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochim Biophysica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2007.05.002","article-title":"Hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 is regulated by PPARalpha and is a key mediator of hepatic lipid metabolism in ketotic states","volume":"5","author":"Badman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2050","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2010-0142","article-title":"Research resource: Comprehensive expression atlas of the fibroblast growth factor system in adult mouse","volume":"24","author":"Fon Tacer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2008.10.021","article-title":"FGF21 is an Akt-regulated myokine","volume":"582","author":"Izumiya","year":"2008","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI23606","article-title":"FGF-21 as a novel metabolic regulator","volume":"115","author":"Kharitonenkov","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fob.2013.12.001","article-title":"Quantitation of fibroblast activation protein (FAP)-specific protease activity in mouse, baboon and human fluids and organs","volume":"4","author":"Keane","year":"2013","journal-title":"FEBS Open Bio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.11.062","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor-21 regulates PPARgamma activity and the antidiabetic actions of thiazolidinediones","volume":"148","author":"Dutchak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2007.05.003","article-title":"Endocrine regulation of the fasting response by PPARalpha-mediated induction of fibroblast growth factor 21","volume":"5","author":"Inagaki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2007.06.068","article-title":"PPARalpha is a key regulator of hepatic FGF21","volume":"360","author":"Lundasen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochem Biophy Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3913","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI74915","article-title":"FGF21 is an endocrine signal of protein restriction","volume":"124","author":"Laeger","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2008.06.014","article-title":"The circulating metabolic regulator FGF21 is induced by prolonged fasting and PPARalpha activation in man","volume":"8","author":"Galman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2011.04084.x","article-title":"Plasma FGF21 displays a circadian rhythm during a 72-h fast in healthy female volunteers","volume":"75","author":"Andersen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinical Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4601","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI83349","article-title":"FGF21 and the late adaptive response to starvation in humans","volume":"125","author":"Fazeli","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3594","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-0111","article-title":"Circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 is induced by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists but not ketosis in man","volume":"94","author":"Christodoulides","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.04.054","article-title":"Increased fibroblast growth factor 21 in obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"139","author":"Dushay","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3627","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0746","article-title":"Plasma concentrations of fibroblast growth factors 19 and 21 in patients with anorexia nervosa","volume":"93","author":"Dostalova","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2015.04.001","article-title":"Serum FGF-21 levels are associated with worsened radial trabecular bone microarchitecture and decreased radial bone strength in women with anorexia nervosa","volume":"77","author":"Fazeli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2009.12.004","article-title":"Consensus definition of sarcopenia, cachexia and pre-cachexia: joint document elaborated by Special Interest Groups (SIG) \u201ccachexia-anorexia in chronic wasting diseases\u201d and \u201cnutrition in geriatrics.\u201d","volume":"29","author":"Muscaritoli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn.70.2.183","article-title":"Geriatric cachexia: the role of cytokines","volume":"70","author":"Yeh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2008.06.013","article-title":"Cachexia: a new definition","volume":"27","author":"Evans","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.3322\/canjclin.52.2.72","article-title":"Cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome: current issues in research and management","volume":"52","author":"Inui","year":"2002","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.7.2108039a","article-title":"COPD as a muscle disease","volume":"164","author":"Reid","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Resp Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5273(02)00233-4","article-title":"The syndrome of cardiac cachexia","volume":"85","author":"Anker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2015.04.003","article-title":"Cachexia and sarcopenia: mechanisms and potential targets for intervention","volume":"22","author":"Argiles","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70218-7","article-title":"Definition and classification of cancer cachexia: an international consensus","volume":"12","author":"Fearon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-017-3116-9","article-title":"The clinical picture of cachexia: a mosaic of different parameters (experience of 503 patients)","volume":"17","author":"Schwarz","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004_bib0027","first-page":"61","article-title":"Functional evaluation: the Barthel Index","volume":"14","author":"Mahoney","year":"1965","journal-title":"Md State Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(03)00073-3","article-title":"Validation of the German version of the brief fatigue inventory","volume":"25","author":"Radbruch","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pain Symtom Manage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/82.5.1074","article-title":"Appetite assessment: simple appetite questionnaire predicts weight loss in community-dwelling adults and nursing home residents","volume":"82","author":"Wilson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20151085","article-title":"Circulating FGF21 proteolytic processing mediated by fibroblast activation protein","volume":"473","author":"Zhen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5986","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.710582","article-title":"Fibroblast Activation Protein Cleaves and Inactivates Fibroblast Growth Factor 21","volume":"291","author":"Dunshee","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3806","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-01257","article-title":"FGF21 is an insulin-dependent postprandial hormone in adult humans","volume":"102","author":"Samms","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.21675","article-title":"Different roles of N- and C- termini in the functional activity of FGF21","volume":"219","author":"Micanovic","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10853","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0904187106","article-title":"FGF21 induces PGC-1alpha and regulates carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism during theadaptive starvation response","volume":"106","author":"Potthoff","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004_bib0035","first-page":"173","article-title":"Serum FGF21 in girls with anorexia nervosa \u2013 comparison to normal weight and obese female adolescents","volume":"38","author":"Mikolajczak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuro Endocrinol Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-1476","article-title":"Serum FGF21 levels are increased in obesity and are independently associated with the metabolic syndrome in humans","volume":"57","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8020069","article-title":"Anorexia of aging: risk factors, consequences, and potential treatments","volume":"8","author":"Landi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-12-6","article-title":"Differences in routine laboratory parameters related to cachexia between patients with hematological diseases and patients with solid tumors or heart failure \u2013 is there only one cachexia?","volume":"12","author":"Letilovic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1694","article-title":"Chronic starvation secondary to anorexia nervosa is associated with an adaptive suppression of resting energy expenditure","volume":"99","author":"Kosmiski","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004_bib0040","article-title":"Human aging and longevity are characterized by high levels of mitokines [Epub ahead of print]","author":"Conte","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004_bib0041","first-page":"77","article-title":"Circulating levels of fibroblast growth factor-21 increase with age independently of body composition indices among healthy individuals","volume":"2","author":"Hanks","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Transl Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.04.021","article-title":"Age-associated loss of OPA1 in muscle impacts muscle mass, metabolic homeostasis, systemic inflammation, and epithelial senescence","volume":"25","author":"Tezze","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-017-1507-y","article-title":"Association between fibroblast growth factor 21 and bone mineral density in adults","volume":"59","author":"Hao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3143","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1200797109","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 21 promotes bone loss by potentiating the effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma","volume":"109","author":"Wei","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2014.00107","article-title":"FGF21 as a hepatokine, adipokine, and myokine in metabolism and diseases","volume":"5","author":"Itoh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33953","DOI":"10.1038\/srep33953","article-title":"Circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 is associated with diastolic dysfunction in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"6","author":"Chou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0899900718306348?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0899900718306348?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,8]],"date-time":"2019-08-08T08:43:08Z","timestamp":1565253788000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0899900718306348"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S0899900718306348"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-9007"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0899-9007","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Higher serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 in old patients with cachexia","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nut.2018.11.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}