{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T10:24:36Z","timestamp":1782728676974,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559347200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012690","name":"Nestl\u00e9 Nutrition Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012690","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,27]],"date-time":"2019-01-27T01:10:41Z","timestamp":1548551441000},"page":"194-200","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Nutrient patterns and their relation to anemia and iron status in 5- to 12-y-old children in South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Marina","family":"Visser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tertia","family":"Van Zyl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanna M","family":"Hanekom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9107-4181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeannine","family":"Baumgartner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marinka","family":"van der Hoeven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Taljaard-Krugell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4829-0054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cornelius M","family":"Smuts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mieke","family":"Faber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0001","series-title":"The global prevalence of anaemia in 2011","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.109.108662","article-title":"Provision of a school snack is associated with vitamin B-12 status, linear growth, and morbidity in children from Bogota, Colombia","volume":"139","author":"Arsenault","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62304-5","article-title":"Anaemia in low-income and middle-income countries","volume":"378","author":"Balarajan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.160.11.1108","article-title":"Double burden of iron deficiency in infancy and low socioeconomic status: a longitudinal analysis of cognitive test scores to age 19 years","volume":"160","author":"Lozoff","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0005","first-page":"247","article-title":"The National Food Consumption Survey: Fortification Baseline (NFCS-FB)","volume":"21","author":"Labadarios","year":"2008","journal-title":"South Afr J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1080\/16070658.2013.11734468","article-title":"Studies since 2005 on South African primary schoolchildren suggest lower anaemia prevalence in some regions","volume":"26","author":"Taljaard","year":"2013","journal-title":"South Afr J Clin Nutr 2008"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1159\/000365125","article-title":"Dietary intake of schoolchildren and adolescents in developing countries","volume":"64","author":"Ochola","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1053\/beha.2002.0208","article-title":"Clinical implications of changes in the modern diet: iron intake, absorption and status","volume":"15","author":"Heath","year":"2002","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Onstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1461","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.28674F","article-title":"Iron bioavailability and dietary reference values","volume":"91","author":"Hurrell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"0001","DOI":"10.19080\/AJPN.2016.03.555565","article-title":"Anemia, iron deficiency and diet independently influence growth patterns of school aged children in South Africa","volume":"1","author":"Gwetu","year":"2016","journal-title":"AJPN"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.4314\/sajas.v43i3.11","article-title":"The impact of animal source food products on human nutrition and health","volume":"43","author":"Schonfeldt","year":"2013","journal-title":"South Afr J Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1177\/156482650602700109","article-title":"Nutrition in emergencies: WFP experiences and challenges","volume":"27","year":"2006","journal-title":"Food Nutr Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0013","unstructured":"South Africa Department of Health, Government notice. No. R2003. Regulations relating to the fortification of certain foodstuffs. Section 15(1) of the Foodstuffs, Cosmetics and Disinfectants Act, No. 54 of 1972. Retrieved February 25, 2018. Available at: http:\/\/extwprlegs1.fao.org\/docs\/pdf\/saf90721.pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1080\/16070658.2008.11734147","article-title":"Will fortification of staple foods make a difference to the dietary intake of South African children?","volume":"21","author":"Steyn","year":"2008","journal-title":"South Afr J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8080509","article-title":"Assessment of the dietary intake of schoolchildren in South Africa: 15years after the first national study","volume":"8","author":"Steyn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98647","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098647","article-title":"Nutrient patterns and their food sources in an international study setting: report from the EPIC study","volume":"9","author":"Moskal","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/00041433-200202000-00002","article-title":"Dietary pattern analysis: a new direction in nutritional epidemiology","volume":"13","author":"Hu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.041004","article-title":"Effects of iron and n\u22123 fatty acid supplementation, alone and in combination, on cognition in school children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention in South Africa","volume":"96","author":"Baumgartner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.1017\/S000711451300189X","article-title":"2013. Effects of a multi-micronutrient-fortified beverage, with and without sugar, on growth and cognition in South African schoolchildren: a randomised, double-blind, controlled intervention","volume":"110","author":"Taljaard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980015002037","article-title":"Effect of African leafy vegetables on the micronutrient status of mildly deficient farm-school children in South Africa: a randomized controlled study","volume":"19","author":"Van der Hoeven","year":"2016","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0021","series-title":"MRC food quantities manual","author":"Langenhoven","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0022","series-title":"Condensed food composition tables for South Africa","author":"Wolmarans","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0023","article-title":"Dietary reference intakes: the essential guide to nutrient requirements","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0024","series-title":"Dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.07.043497","article-title":"Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents","volume":"85","author":"De Onis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29284","article-title":"Adjusting plasma ferritin concentrations to remove the effects of subclinical inflammation in the assessment of iron deficiency: a meta-analysis","volume":"92","author":"Thurnham","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0027","series-title":"Haemoglobin concentrations for the diagnosis of anaemia and assessment of severity","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0028","series-title":"Serum ferritin concentrations for the assessment of iron status and iron deficiency in populations","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0029","series-title":"Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics","author":"Field","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/82.2.380","article-title":"Only a small proportion of anemia in northeast Thai schoolchildren is associated with iron deficiency","volume":"82","author":"Thurlow","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0031","first-page":"340","article-title":"Micronutrients and anaemia","volume":"26","author":"Jamil","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Health Popul Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1590\/1413-81232015212.19072014","article-title":"Anemia and micronutrient deficiencies in infants attending at primary health care in Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil","volume":"21","author":"Oliveira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ciencia saude coletiva"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980000000173","article-title":"The role of vitamins in the prevention and control of anaemia","volume":"3","author":"Fishman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2006.06.015","article-title":"Carotenoids increase iron absorption from cereal-based food in the human","volume":"26","author":"Garc\u00eda-Casal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nutr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0035","first-page":"165","article-title":"Magnitude and anemia and associated risk factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Shalla Woreda, West Arsi Zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia","volume":"23","author":"Obse","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ethiop J Health Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/138.4.782","article-title":"Fortifying brown bread with sodium iron EDTA, ferrous fumarate, or electrolytic iron does not affect iron status in South African schoolchildren","volume":"138","author":"Van Stuijvenberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265100311S102","article-title":"Revised recommendations for iron fortification of wheat flour and an evaluation of the expected impact of current national wheat flour fortification programs","volume":"31","author":"Hurrell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Nutr Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8080494","article-title":"Iron fortification of foods for infants and children in low-income countries: effects on the gut microbiome, gut inflammation, and diarrhea","volume":"8","author":"Paganini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/87.5.1298","article-title":"Relationship between iron status and dietary fruit and vegetables based on their vitamin C and fiber content","volume":"87","author":"P\u00e9neau","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2808","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.11.2808","article-title":"Meat protein fractions enhance nonheme iron absorption in humans","volume":"136","author":"Hurrell","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.3.576","article-title":"Meat consumption in a varied diet marginally influences nonheme iron absorption in normal individuals","volume":"136","author":"Reddy","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1017\/BJN20061785","article-title":"Association between dietary patterns and anaemia in adults from Jiangsu Province in Eastern China","volume":"96","author":"Shi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980010003289","article-title":"Iron stores in relation to dietary patterns in a multi-ethnic population: the SAMINOR study","volume":"14","author":"Broderstad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-012-0348-y","article-title":"Suboptimal iron status and associated dietary patterns and practices in premenopausal women living in Auckland, New Zealand","volume":"52","author":"Beck","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e76632","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076632","article-title":"Validity of US nutritional surveillance: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey caloric energy intake data, 1971\u20132010","volume":"8","author":"Archer","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2137","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281865","article-title":"Do flawed data on caloric intake from NHANES present problems for researchers and policy makers?","volume":"310","author":"Mitka","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2012.10.064","article-title":"Food composition activities in South Africa","volume":"140","author":"Wolmarans","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S321","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265120334S308","article-title":"Flour fortification in South Africa: post-implementation survey of micronutrient levels at point of retail","volume":"33","author":"Yusufali","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Nutr Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1177\/0379572115597588","article-title":"Vitamin A, iron, and zinc content of fortified maize meal and bread at the household level in 4 areas of South Africa","volume":"36","author":"Van Jaarsveld","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Nutr Bull"}],"container-title":["Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0899900718308943?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0899900718308943?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,7]],"date-time":"2019-08-07T19:40:04Z","timestamp":1565206804000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0899900718308943"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S0899900718308943"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-9007"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0899-9007","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Nutrient patterns and their relation to anemia and iron status in 5- to 12-y-old children in South Africa","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nut.2019.01.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}